PSIII-16 Growth Performance of Weaned Pigs Fed Barley Differing in Fermentable Starch and Fiber Profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 175-176
Author(s):  
Joaquin J Sanchez Zannatta ◽  
L F Wang ◽  
Eduardo Beltranena ◽  
Aaron D Beattie ◽  
Rex N Newkirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Hulled Barley

Abstract Barley grain containing more fermentable starch or fiber might be an attractive energy source in weaned pig diets due to benefits on gut health. Barley rapidly-fermentable carbohydrates may serve as prebiotic and slowly-fermentable fiber may decrease diarrhea in weaned pigs. Steam-explosion processing may disrupt the fiber matrix of hulls, increasing slowly-fermentable fiber of barley. To explore, 220 pigs were fed 1 of 5 diets containing 60% cereal grain: 1) low-fermentable hulled barley (LFB); 2) LFB steam-exploded (LFB-E; 1.2 MPa, 120 s); 3) high β-glucan (10% DM) hull-less barley (HFB); 4) high amylose (17% DM) hull-less barley (HFA); or 5) low-fermentable wheat (LFW). Diets were fed starting 1-week post-weaning and formulated to provide 2.4 and 2.3 Mcal net energy (NE)/kg, 5.5 and 5.1 g standardized ileal digestible lysine/Mcal NE for phase 1 (day 1–14) and phase 2 (day 15–35), respectively. For the entire trial (day 1–35), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) of pigs did not differ among diets. Gain:feed (G:F) did not differ between LFB and LFW diets, but steam-explosion of hulled barley reduced (P < 0.05) G:F. Feces consistency did not differ between LFB and LFW diets, but was better (P < 0.05) for LFB than HFB, HFA and LFB-E diets. For phase 1, G:F of pigs was lower (P < 0.05) for LFB-E diet than LFW diet. For days 22–28, LFB-E diet had greater (P < 0.01) ADFI than HFA diet and tended (P = 0.09) to have a greater ADG than HFB diet. In conclusion, hulled or hull-less barley grain replaced wheat grain without affecting growth performance in weaned pigs. Hulled barley increased feces consistency. Steam-explosion of hulled barley did not increase growth performance of weaned pigs. Barley grain is an attractive energy source for weaned pigs for managing growth and feces consistency.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary seaweed extract supplementation in sows and post-weaned pigs on performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microflora and immune status

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Leonard ◽  
T. Sweeney ◽  
B. Bahar ◽  
B. P. Lynch ◽  
J. V. O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Daily Gain

The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of a seaweed extract (SWE) to sows and weaned pigs on post-weaning growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microflora, volatile fatty acid concentrations and immune status of pigs at days 11 and 117 post-weaning. Gestating sows (n20) were supplemented with a SWE (0v.10·0 g/d) from day 107 of gestation until weaning (day 26). At weaning, pigs (four pigs per sow) were divided into two groups based on sow diet during lactation and supplemented with a SWE (0v.2·8 g/kg diet), resulting in four treatment groups: (1) BB (basal sows–basal pigs); (2) BS (basal sows–treated pigs); (3) SB (treated sows–basal pigs); (4) SS (treated sows–treated pigs). Pigs weaned from SWE-supplemented sows had a higher average daily gain (ADG) between days 0 and 21 (P < 0·05) post-weaning compared with pigs weaned from non-SWE-supplemented sows. Pigs offered post-weaning diets (PW) containing SWE had decreased colonicEscherichia colipopulations on day 11 (P < 0·01) and decreased colonic Enterobacteriaceae numbers on day 117 (P < 0·05). Pigs offered PW containing SWE had a greater mRNA abundance ofMUC2in the colon at day 11 post-weaning (P < 0·05) compared with pigs offered unsupplemented diets. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that SWE supplementation post-weaning provides a dietary means to improve gut health and to enhance growth performance in starter pigs. Dietary SWE supplementation increased ADG during the grower–finisher (GF) phases. However, there was no growth response to SWE inclusion in GF diets when pigs were weaned from SWE-supplemented sows.

scholarly journals Effects of Zinc Oxide and Arginine on the Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Status of Weaned Pigs Subjected to High Ambient Temperature

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Se Young Yoon ◽  
Soo Jin Sa ◽  
Eun Seok Cho ◽  
Han Seo Ko ◽  
Jung Woo Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Clostridium Spp

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the l-arginine (Arg) inclusion and different doses of ZnO on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota and integrity, and immune status of weaned pigs. A total of 180 pigs (28-day-old) were randomly allotted to six treatments with six replicate pens in each treatment and five pigs per pen. The dietary treatments were Con (1.1% Arg); P-Zn (1.1% Arg + 2500 mg Zn as ZnO/kg diet); ARG (1.6% Arg); ZnArg1 (500 mg of Zn as ZnO/kg diet + 1.6% Arg); ZnArg2 (1000 mg of Zn as ZnO/kg diet + 1.6% Arg); ZnArg3 (2500 mg of Zn as ZnO/kg diet + 1.6% Arg). The overall result showed that the inclusion of ZnArg3 significantly improved the average daily gain of pigs compared with the Con treatment. There was a reduction in feed intake in pigs fed the Con diet compared with pigs fed the ZnArg3 diet at phase 1 and overall. At phase 1, pigs fed the ZnArg3 diet and P-Zn diet showed a decreased population of Clostridium spp. in the ileum compared with those of the Con treatment. In addition, a lower ileal Clostridium spp. population was detected in pigs fed the ZnArg2 diet compared with pigs fed the Con diet. The pigs fed ZnArg1 and ZnArg3 diets showed a greater villus height of duodenum compared with the Con and P-Zn treatments. The pigs in the Con treatment showed increased mRNA expression of heat shock protein-27 in the liver compared with the P-Zn, ZnArg1, ZnArg2, and ZnArg3 treatments. When fed the basal diet, mRNA expressions of interleukin-6 were increased in the muscle compared with the ZnArg3 treatment. Dietary supplementation with ZnArg2 decreased the mRNA expressions of interferon-γ in the muscle compared with the Con treatment. Supplementation with P-Zn, ZnArg1, ZnArg2, and ZnArg3 decreased mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared with the Con treatment. The mRNA gene expressions of interleukin-4 were decreased in the jejunum of pigs fed P-Zn, ARG, ZnArg1, ZnArg2, and ZnArg3 diets compared with pigs fed the Con diet. The jejunum gene expression of toll-like receptor-4 was upregulated in the Con and ARG treatments compared with the ZnArg1 and ZnArg3. The ZnArg1, ZnArg2, and ZnArg3 treatments showed lower mRNA expression of TNF-α compared with the Con treatment. In conclusion, there was no difference in growth performance, intestinal microbiota, gene expression of interleukins between ZnArg1 and ZnArg3 treatments. Therefore, the low level of ZnO (500 mg/kg) plus 1.6% dietary Arg may be recommended for pigs during the weaning stress.

scholarly journals PSIV-7 Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs fed steam-exploded canola meal

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Joaquin J Sanchez-Zannatta ◽  
Bich Van Le Thanh ◽  
Lifang Wang ◽  
Eduardo Beltranena ◽  
Rex N Newkirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Gross Energy

Abstract Canola meal (CM) is widely included in swine diets, but its fiber matrix compromises its nutritional value. Whether steam-explosion with high pressure can increase nutrient digestibility of CM and hence growth performance in pigs is unknown. To explore, Brassica napus CM was processed with steam pressure at 700 or 1,100 kPa for 5 min followed by a sudden release of pressure to produce steam-exploded CM7 and CM11, respectively. Four diets containing 20% CM, CM7, CM11, or soybean meal (SBM) were formulated to provide 2.3 Mcal net energy (NE)/kg and 5.1 g standardized ileal digestible lysine/Mcal NE. From 2 weeks post-weaning, 256 pigs (BW, 10 kg) were fed the 4 diets for 4 weeks in a randomized complete block design with 16 blocks and 4 pigs per pen. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and gross energy (GE) was 4.8, 4.3 and 3.7%-units lower (P < 0.05), respectively, for the 3 CM diets than the SBM diet, whereas diet digestible energy (DE) value was not different. Steam-explosion of CM did not affect diet ATTD of DM and GE, but reduced (P < 0.05) diet ATTD of CP. For the entire trial (day 1–28), steam-explosion at either 700 or 1,100 kPa increased (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) of CM, but the CM diet had lower (P < 0.05) ADFI than the SBM diet. Average daily gain (ADG) did not differ among the 4 diets. Consequently, feed efficiency (G:F) was greater (P < 0.05) for the 3 CM diets than the SBM diet. In conclusion, steam-explosion of CM did not increase diet nutrient digestibility or growth performance of weaned pigs.

scholarly journals Impact of feeding fermentable proteins and carbohydrates on growth performance, gut health and gastrointestinal function of newly weaned pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Jeaurond ◽  
M. Rademacher ◽  
J. R. Pluske ◽  
C. H. Zhu ◽  
C. F. M. de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Enteric Fermentation

Feeding fermentable carbohydrates (FC) to weanling pigs may reduce the negative impact of proteolytic fermentation on gastrointestinal health and function. A total of 144 newly weaned pigs [6.23 kg body weight (BW); six pens per treatment; six pigs per pen) were used to determine the interactive effects of feeding additional fermentable protein (FP) and FC on growth performance, gastrointestinal function and intestinal health. Dietary treatments, based on a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, were: (1) basal diet (control); (2) control + 10% poultry meal (PM) as FP source; (3) control + 5% beet pulp (BP) as FC source; and (4) control + 10% PM and 5% BP. Diets were formulated to be similar in digestible energy (DE) and digestible amino acid contents. In general, no interactive effects of FC and FP were observed (P > 0.10). During the 3-wk post-weaning period, feeding FP reduced average daily gain (ADG) (242 vs. 269 g d-1; P < 0.05), while FC increased ADG (269 vs. 243 g d-1; P < 0.05). Overall, feed intake did not differ between treatments (P > 0.10). On days 14 and 28 post-weaning, Clostridia spp. counts in colon contents, counts of white cells and segmented neutrophils in blood were lowered (P < 0.05) by feeding FC. Blood urea nitrogen was increased by feeding FP (9.5 vs. 6.5 mg dL-1; P < 0.05), while ammonia concentration in colon contents was lowered by FC (154 vs. 193 µg mL-1) (P = 0.06). Among biogenic amines, levels of tyramine (140 vs. 304 nmol g-1 DM) and spermidine (174 vs. 219 nmol g-1 DM) in colon contents were lowered (P < 0.05) by FC. Acetic, proprionic and butyric acid contents in colon contents were increased by feeding FC, while valeric and caproic acid content decreased by feeding FP (P < 0.05). Feeding FC and FP had no effect (P > 0.10) on colon histology, pH, fecal consistency score and organ weights. Results suggest that FP and FC have independent effects on newly weaned pigs, while effects appear partly related to changes in gut microbiota. Key words: Enteric fermentation, fiber, gastrointestinal function, protein, pigs

PSXVI-29 Late-Breaking: Effect of dietary organic acids supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health in weaned pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 383-383
Author(s):  
Jinyoung Lee ◽  
Jong Woong Kim ◽  
Heidi Hall ◽  
Martin Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Two Phases

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different organic acid (OA) mixtures on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health in weaned pigs. A total of 56 weaned pigs (7.93 ± 1.04 kg BW) were assigned to 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 7 replicates per treatment for a 35-d study conducted over two phases; phase 1 (d 1 to 14) and phase 2 (d 14 to 35). Each pen had two pigs balanced for sex. Diets consisted of 1) a corn-soybean meal-basal without any additive (negative control, NC); 2) NC + formic and propionic acids (TRT1); 3) NC + butyric, formic, and propionic acids (TRT2); and 4) NC + antibiotic (positive control, PC). Individual pig body weight and feed disappearance were recorded weekly. At the end of each phase, blood and feces were sampled. The female pig in each pen was euthanized on d 35 to collect digesta and intestinal tissue. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. During the overall period, ADG tended to be lower (P = 0.069) in the TRT2 group than in the PC group. Diet had no effect on ADFI during the overall period, but G:F of pigs fed the PC and TRT1 diets tended to be higher (P = 0.059) than that of the NC diet. No effects of OA supplementation were observed on nutrient digestibility and blood cytokine. Jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in TRT1-fed pigs than that of NC-fed pigs. Pigs fed the TRT2 diet had a higher (P &lt; 0.05) fecal abundance of Bifidobacteria than those fed the PC diet in phase 1. In conclusion, dietary OA supplementation had positive effects on growth performance and gut health but no effect on nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs.

scholarly journals 371 Effects of dietary supplementation with lauric acid and AviPlusS on growth performance and gut health of newly weaned pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 133-134
Author(s):  
M E Duarte ◽  
E Grilli ◽  
S W Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Microbiome Data

Abstract This study was to determine the supplemental effects of lauric acid and a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and botanicals (AviPlusS, Vetagro, Chicago, IL) on growth performance and gut health in newly weaned pigs. Ninety-six pigs (48 barrows and 48 gilts, 21 d-of-age, 6.5 ± 0.4 kg BW) were randomly allotted (3 pigs/ pen) to 4 treatments in RCBD arranged by 2 factors: lauric acid (0 or 0.1%) and AviPlusS (0 or 0.3%). Initial BW and sex were blocks. Diets met the NRC (2012) requirements, medicated, included ZnO, and prepared in 3 phases (phase 1 for 7 d; phase 2 for 11 d; and phase 3 for 14 d). At the end of each phase, ADG, ADFI, and G:F was measured. On d 32, 1 pig representing the median BW of each pen was euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa to analyze immune and oxidative stress status and microbiome. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Two factors were fixed effects and blocks were random effects. Overall performance was not affected by 2 factors. Combinational use of lauric acid and AviPlusS tended to increase (P = 0.053) the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae (18.11 vs. 9.59 and 10.26%). Lauric acid tended to reduce (P = 0.081) the relative abundance of Methylobacteriaceae (10.34 to 6.30%). Lauric acid tended to increase (P = 0.083) the relative abundance of Veillonellaceae (2.05 to 9.28%) which tended to be reduced (P = 0.078) when combined with AviPlusS. Combinational use of lauric acid and AviPlusS increased (P &lt; 0.05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (23.34 vs. 13.21 and 17.56%) compared with the use of lauric acid or AviPlusS alone. Collectively, lauric acid can modulate the microbiome to enhance gut health, which can be further enhanced when combined with AviPlusS.

scholarly journals Wheat bran fermented by mixed fungal strains improves the digestibility of crude fiber and may benefit the gut health without impacting the growth performance in weaned pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2962-2971
Author(s):  
Yuheng Luo ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Cong Lan ◽  
Jingyi Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Fungal Strains

This study was conducted to compare the effect of raw (WB) or mixed fungi-fermented wheat bran (FWB) on the growth, nutrient digestibility and intestinal health in weaned piglets.

scholarly journals 173 Lysed Corynebacterium glutamicum cell mass from lysine production as a novel feed additive to enhance gut health and growth of newly-weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Yi-Chi Cheng ◽  
Marcos E Duarte ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective was to determine the functional and nutritional values of Corynebacterium glutamicum Cell Mass (CGCM) on growth performance and gut health of newly-weaned pigs. Forty newly-weaned pigs (21 d of age; initial BW 7.1 ± 0.4 kg) were allotted to 5 dietary treatments based on randomized complete block design with sex and BW as blocks. The lysine broth of CGCM (CJ Bio, Fort Dodge, IA) was homogenized by using French press and dried to obtain lysed CGCM. Dietary treatments were: basal diet with lysed CGCM at 0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1%, and with 1.4% intact CGCM. Experimental diets were formulated based on nutrient requirements (NRC, 2012) and pigs were fed based on 2 phases (10 and 11 d for each phase). Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to phase 2 diets as an indigestible external marker to calculate nutrient digestibility. Feed intake and BW were measured at d 0, 10, and 21. Pigs were euthanized on d 21 to collect proximal and distal jejunal mucosa to measure TNF-α, IL-8, MDA, IgA, and IgG concentrations. Diets and ileal digesta were collected to measure AID. Data were analyzed by SAS using MIXED, REG, and GLM procedures. Overall, increasing daily lysed CGCM intake increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG (211 to 296 g) and ADFI (432 to 501 g). Increasing levels of lysed CGCM decreased (P &lt; 0.05) MDA and changed (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) IgA (max: 4.90 ng/mg at 1.13%) and IgG (max: 3.37 ng/mg at 1.04%) in the proximal jejunal mucosa. Increasing daily lysed CGCM intake had quadratic effect (P&lt; 0.05) of protein carbonyl (max: 6.3 μmol/mg at 4.9 g/d). Lysed CGCM potentially benefits growth performance and gut health of newly-weaned pigs by reducing oxidative stress and increasing immune response.

scholarly journals Effects of super-dosing phytase and inositol on growth performance and blood metabolites of weaned pigs housed under commercial conditions1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 3007-3015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kory Moran ◽  
Pete Wilcock ◽  
Amanda Elsbernd ◽  
Cate Zier-Rush ◽  
R Dean Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Serum Zn ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 2,156 weaned pigs (6.75 ± 0.11 kg BW) were used in a 42-d study to evaluate whether improvements in growth performance associated with super-dosing phytase can be explained by the complete dephosphorylation of phytate and liberation of inositol. Two phytase doses (0 and 2,500 FTU/kg) and 3 inositol concentrations (0%, 0.15%, and 0.30%) were combined to create 6 dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Pigs were fed a 3-phase feeding program, with periods being 10, 10, and 22 d, respectively. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 21, and 42 from a subset of 48 pigs to analyze mineral and myo-inositol concentrations. During Phase 1, super-dosing phytase tended to improve ADG compared with pigs fed diets without phytase (P = 0.09). Increasing concentrations of inositol improved the efficiency of gain in pigs fed diets without phytase (1,022.1, 1,040.9, and 1,089.2 g/kg), but not diets with phytase (1,102.2, 1,087.2, and 1,076.2 g/kg), and this improvement was equivalent to that observed with super-dosing phytase in the absence of inositol (interaction, P = 0.015). During Phase 2, super-dosing phytase improved ADG (P = 0.001), resulting in heavier BW (P = 0.007). During Phase 3 and overall, inositol supplementation increased ADG and ADFI in a quadratic manner (P < 0.10), with the highest ADG and ADFI observed for pigs fed 0.15% of inositol. Super-dosing phytase increased serum Zn on day 21, but not on day 42 (interaction, P = 0.008), increased serum Cu (P = 0.01), but decreased serum Fe (P = 0.02). Plasma myo-inositol increased linearly from 66.9 to 97.1 and 113.2 nmol/mL with increasing inositol (P < 0.001). When plasma myo-inositol was analyzed within the subgroup of pigs fed diets without added inositol, super-dosing phytase increased plasma myo-inositol from 57.81 to 76.05 nmol/mL (0 and 2,500 FTU/kg, respectively; P = 0.05). Results demonstrate that exogenous inositol improved efficiency of gain in weaned pigs to the same level as that observed with super-dosing phytase, but this occurred only during the first 10 d of the nursery period. This suggests that the improvement in efficiency of growth when applying super-dosing phytase could be linked, in part, to complete dephosphorylation of phytate and liberation of myo-inositol, and that myo-inositol had a greater metabolic impact in piglets immediately after weaning. Consequently, myo-inositol may be a conditionally essential nutrient for young pigs during weaning stress, but further research is needed to prove this hypothesis.

Effect of antibiotic-free, low-protein diets with specific amino acid compositions on growth and intestinal flora in weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyan Zhou ◽  
Yuming Wang ◽  
Xiangzhou Zeng ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Peili Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Compositions ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

This study investigated the effects of modulation of the amino acid profile on growth performance and gut health in weaned pigs fed an antibiotic-free, low-protein diet.

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