scholarly journals 137 Randel Lecture: Genetic control of thermotolerance in cattle at the whole-animal and cellular level

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
Peter J Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Receptor Protein

Abstract Research by Randel and others has revealed the extensive genetic diversity in thermotolerance existing in cattle. Genetic differences in resistance to heat stress involve genes that affect body temperature regulation and that stabilize cellular function during hyperthermia. There are large differences between breeds in ability to regulate body temperature during heat stress. There is also genetic variation in thermoregulatory ability within breeds that arose in cold climates – the estimate of heritability of rectal temperature during heat stress in Holsteins is 0.17. Efforts are underway to identify genes conferring increased thermoregulatory ability in thermotolerant breeds and transfer these to thermosensitive breeds. One such gene is the prolactin receptor gene (PRLR). Several mutations in PRLR exist in criollo-type B. taurus that result in formation of a truncated receptor protein. Cattle with this mutation, which is dominant, have a short sleek hair coat and are referred to as “slick”. The slick mutation has been introduced into Holsteins by crossbreeding with Senepol cattle and in Red Angus by gene editing. Slick Holsteins are less affected by heat stress than wild-type Holsteins with respect to rectal temperature, milk yield and reproduction. Genetic variation also exists in cellular responses to elevated temperature (i.e., heat shock). Exposure of preimplantation embryos to heat shock, for example, causes a greater reduction in subsequent development of Angus, Holstein, Angus x Holstein or Jersey embryos than embryos from Brahman or Nelore (B. indicus) or Romosinuano (criollo). One gene with alleles affecting cellular resistance is the heat shock protein 70 gene HSPA1A. A mutation in the promoter region of HSPA1Ais associated with increased transcription of the encoded protein and enhanced survival of lymphocytes exposed to heat shock. Identification of other genes conferring thermotolerance will result in the increased ability to produce thermotolerant lines of cattle via genetic selection or gene transfer.

Genetic variation in resistance of the preimplantation bovine embryo to heat shock

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Embryonic Genome Activation ◽  
Embryonic Genome ◽  
Genome Activation

Reproduction is among the physiological functions in mammals most susceptible to disruption by hyperthermia. Many of the effects of heat stress on function of the oocyte and embryo involve direct effects of elevated temperature (i.e. heat shock) on cellular function. Mammals limit the effects of heat shock by tightly regulating body temperature. This ability is genetically controlled: lines of domestic animals have been developed with superior ability to regulate body temperature during heat stress. Through experimentation in cattle, it is also evident that there is genetic variation in the resistance of cells to the deleterious effects of elevated temperature. Several breeds that were developed in hot climates, including Bos indicus (Brahman, Gir, Nelore and Sahiwal) and Bos taurus (Romosinuano and Senepol) are more resistant to the effects of elevated temperature on cellular function than breeds that evolved in cooler climates (Angus, Holstein and Jersey). Genetic differences are expressed in the preimplantation embryo by Day 4–5 of development (after embryonic genome activation). It is not clear whether genetic differences are expressed in cells in which transcription is repressed (oocytes >100 µm in diameter or embryos at stages before embryonic genome activation). The molecular basis for cellular thermotolerance has also not been established, although there is some suggestion for involvement of heat shock protein 90 and the insulin-like growth factor 1 system. Given the availability of genomic tools for genetic selection, identification of genes controlling cellular resistance to elevated temperature could be followed by progress in selection for those genes within the populations in which they exist. It could also be possible to introduce genes from thermotolerant breeds into thermally sensitive breeds. The ability to edit the genome makes it possible to design new genes that confer protection of cells from stresses like heat shock.

scholarly journals Heat Stress and Cardiovascular, Hormonal, and Heat Shock Proteins in Humans

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Iguchi ◽  
Andrew E. Littmann ◽  
Shuo-Hsiu Chang ◽  
Lydia A. Wester ◽  
Jane S. Knipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Whole Body Heat Stress ◽  
Body Heat

Context: Conditions such as osteoarthritis, obesity, and spinal cord injury limit the ability of patients to exercise, preventing them from experiencing many well-documented physiologic stressors. Recent evidence indicates that some of these stressors might derive from exercise-induced body temperature increases. Objective: To determine whether whole-body heat stress without exercise triggers cardiovascular, hormonal, and extra-cellular protein responses of exercise. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-five young, healthy adults (13 men, 12 women; age = 22.1 ± 2.4 years, height = 175.2 ± 11.6 cm, mass = 69.4 ± 14.8 kg, body mass index = 22.6 ± 4.0) volunteered. Intervention(s): Participants sat in a heat stress chamber with heat (73°C) and without heat (26°C) stress for 30 minutes on separate days. We obtained blood samples from a subset of 13 participants (7 men, 6 women) before and after exposure to heat stress. Main Outcome Measure(s): Extracellular heat shock protein (HSP72) and catecholamine plasma concentration, heart rate, blood pressure, and heat perception. Results: After 30 minutes of heat stress, body temperature measured via rectal sensor increased by 0.8°C. Heart rate increased linearly to 131.4 ± 22.4 beats per minute (F6,24 = 186, P < .001) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 16 mm Hg (F6,24 = 10.1, P < .001) and 5 mm Hg (F6,24 = 5.4, P < .001), respectively. Norepinephrine (F1,12 = 12.1, P = .004) and prolactin (F1,12 = 30.2, P < .001) increased in the plasma (58% and 285%, respectively) (P < .05). The HSP72 (F1,12 = 44.7, P < .001) level increased with heat stress by 48.7% ± 53.9%. No cardiovascular or blood variables showed changes during the control trials (quiet sitting in the heat chamber with no heat stress), resulting in differences between heat and control trials. Conclusions: We found that whole-body heat stress triggers some of the physiologic responses observed with exercise. Future studies are necessary to investigate whether carefully prescribed heat stress constitutes a method to augment or supplement exercise.

scholarly journals Infrared thermography to assess thermoregulatory reactions of buffaloes supplemented with antioxidant and dense energy source in summer season

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
YALLAPPA M. SOMAGOND ◽  
S. V. SINGH ◽  
ADITYA DESHPANDE ◽  
PARVENDER SHEORAN ◽  
V. P. CHAHAL
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Region Temperature ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Lower Magnitude

Twenty-four lactating buffaloes were chosen and subsequently divided into 4 groups i.e. group-I (control), group-II (supplemented astaxanthin at 0.25 mg kg-1 BW/day), group-III (prill fat at 100 g day-1), and group-IV (combination). Surface body temperature at different anatomical regions of buffaloes was recorded using infrared thermography (IRT), rectal temperature using a digital thermometer, and cortisol hormone by ELISA kit at the fortnightly interval. Forehead region temperature showed a higher correlation (0.390) with THI compared to other anatomical regions. The change in surface body temperature was positively correlated with THI and cortisol levels. The increase in the IRT temperature at different anatomical sites of buffaloes was at a lower magnitude in treatment groups compared to the control group. Udder surface temperature was higher in peak lactation and high producing buffaloes. Forehead region temperature showed a close relationship with rectal temperature and cortisol levels of buffaloes. According to the research findings, astaxanthin and prill fat can be used in ameliorating heat stress. Infrared thermography (non-invasive method) of the forehead and udder can be used as indicators for measuring the heat stress and production levels of buffaloes, respectively.

Comparison of estimated core body temperature measured with the BioHarness and rectal temperature under several heat stress conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 612-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsuk Seo ◽  
Travis DiLeo ◽  
Jeffrey B. Powell ◽  
Jung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Raymond J. Roberge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Core Body

scholarly journals L-Citrulline Influences the Body Temperature, Heat Shock Response and Nitric Oxide Regeneration of Broilers Under Thermoneutral and Heat Stress Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Uyanga ◽  
Minghui Wang ◽  
Tian Tong ◽  
Jingpeng Zhao ◽  
Xiaojuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
No Production ◽  
Shock Response

Heat stress (HS) adversely affects several physiological responses in organisms, but the underlying molecular mechanisms involved are yet to be fully understood. L-Citrulline (L-Cit) is a nutraceutical amino acid that is gaining research interest for its role in body temperature regulation and nitric oxide synthesis. This study investigated whether dietary supplementation with L-Cit (1% of basal diet) could ameliorate the effects of acute HS on thermotolerance, redox balance, and inflammatory responses of broilers. Ross 308 broilers (288 chicks) were subjected to two environments; thermoneutral at 24°C (TNZ) or HS at 35°C for 5 h, and fed two diets; control or L-Cit. The results showed that HS increased the ear, rectal (RT), and core body (CBT) temperatures of broilers, along with higher respiratory rate. The RT and CBT readings were intermittently affected with time effect, whereas, L-Cit supplementation lowered the mean CBT than the control diet. Antioxidant assays showed that superoxide dismutase was increased during HS, while, catalase was promoted by L-Cit supplementation. In addition, L-Cit induced glutathione peroxidase activity compared to the control diet during HS. Hypothalamic heat shock protein (HSP)-90 was upregulated by HS, but L-Cit downregulated heat shock factor (HSF)-1, and HSP 60 mRNA expressions. HSF 3 mRNA expression was downregulated by L-Cit under TNZ condition. More so, HS increased the plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentration but lowered the total NO synthase (tNOS) activity. In contrast, L-Cit supplementation limited NO production but increased the tNOS activity. Arginase activity was increased in the control fed group during HS but L-Cit supplementation lowered this effect. The NOS-COX pathway was significantly affected under TNZ condition, since L-Cit supplementation downregulated the mRNA expression of iNOS-COX2 in the hypothalamus, and further reduced the serum PGE2 concentration. Together, these data indicates that L-Cit influenced the antioxidant defense, heat shock response and nitric oxide regeneration both under thermoneutral and HS conditions; and that L-Cit may be directly and/or indirectly involved in the central regulation of body temperature.

Physiological acclimatization of fowls to a hot humid environment

1953 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. D. Hutchinson ◽  
A. H. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Equable Climate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Severe Heat Stress

1. The resting heart rate of cocks and hens was measured in varying degrees of heat stress, and during acclimatization to heat.2. When the rectal temperature was below 110°F. (43·3° C), the heart rate varied inversely with the severity of the climate up to an air temperature around 99° F. (37·2° C).3. At air temperatures of 99° F. (37·2° C.) and above the heart rate was nearly constant over a wide range of rectal temperatures below 110° F. (43·3° C). It averaged about 50 beats/min. less than in an equable climate.4. Above 110° F. (43·3° C.) there was an increase of about 30 beats/min./° F. (17 beats/min./° C.) rise in rectal temperature. The rate equalled that found in an equable climate, when the rectal temperature reached 111–112° F. (43·9–44·4° C). Over this zone of body temperature the fowls were often agitated.5. In severe heat stress there was a slight fall in the heart rate on acclimatization, but this was small compared with the effect of climate.6. In severe heat stress the heart rate during the day was slightly higher than that at night.7. The relation of these findings to the mechanism of temperature regulation is discussed.

scholarly journals PSIII-3 Association of heat shock factor protein 1 and prolactin receptor variants with molecular breeding values in Senepol cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 230-230
Author(s):  
Bianca P Ortiz-Uriarte ◽  
Edgar J Soto Moreno ◽  
Lourdes E López-Nieves ◽  
Verónica M Negrón-Pérez ◽  
Americo Casas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Missense Variant ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Weight Effect ◽  
Slick Hair

Abstract Thermal stress has been associated with lower food intake and growth rate in beef cattle. The purpose of this study was to assess the segregation of the p.Leu462* nonsense mutation in the prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) responsible for slick hair (SH) phenotype in Senepol and a T >C missense variant (V344A) located in the heat shock transcription factor protein 1 gene (HSF1). We compared the potential association of these polymorphisms with molecular breeding values (MBV) that were estimated using a panel of commercial genetic markers (Igenity, Neogen Corp). For this, 29 females and 21 males were genotyped by PCR and sequencing. Three genotypes were observed for the p.Leu462* with frequencies of 0.02 C/C, 0.16 C/- and 0.82 -/-. For V344A only two genotypes were observed with frequencies of 0.86/TT and 0.14/TC. This polymorphism was in linkage disequilibrium with a C >T synonymous variant; therefore, for the statistical analyses, the HSF1 genotypes were combined as TT/CC and TC/CT. The GLIMMIX procedure and Tukey test of SAS were used (effect of sex, HSF1 and SH genotype and interactions). MBV for production traits such as average daily gain, tenderness, yearling weight (YW), marbling, fat thickness (FT), percent choice (PC), ribeye area (RA) and carcass weight. Effect of sex (P < .05) were found for YW (males: 6.93lbs ± 0.53, female: 5.74lbs ± 0.57) and for PC (female: 16.17±0.75, male: 15.02±0.55). Differences between HSF1 genotype combinations were significant for the MBV of RA (TC/CT: 0.96in2±0.10; TT/CC: 0.781in2±0.07 and for FT (TC/CT: 0.16in±0.02; TTCC: 0.12in±0.01). The similarity in segregation of SH responsible genotypes (C/- and -/-) and HSF1 (TC/CT and TT/CC) in Senepol could indicate a potential role of HSF1 in adaptation to heat stress in cattle with an additional effect in muscling and fat deposition.

scholarly journals The Genetics of Heat Shock Proteins in Wheat in Relation to Heat Tolerance and Yield

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Blum ◽  
Henry T. Nguyen ◽  
N.Y. Klueva
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Full Range ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Ril Population

Fifty six diverse spring wheat cultivars were evaluated for genetic variation and heritability for thermotolerance in terms of cell-membrane stability (CMS) and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction. The most divergent cultivars for thermotolerance (Danbata-tolerant and Nacozari-susceptible) were crossed to develop an F8 random onbred line (RIL) population. This population was evaluated for co-segragation in CMS, yield under heat stress and HSP accumulation. Further studies of thermotolerance in relations to HSP and the expression of heterosis for growth under heat stress were performed with F1 hybrids of wheat and their parental cultivars. CMS in 95 RILs ranged from 76.5% to 22.4% with 71.5% and 31.3% in Danbata and Nacozari, respectively. The population segregated with a normal distribution across the full range of the parental values. Yield and biomass under non-stress conditions during the normal winter season at Bet Dagan dit not differ between the two parental cultivar, but the range of segregation for these traits in 138 RILs was very high and distinctly transgressive with a CV of 35.3% and 42.4% among lines for biomass and yield, respectively. Mean biomass and yield of the population was reduced about twofold when grown under the hot summer conditions (irrigated) at Bet Dagan. Segregation for biomass and yield was decreased relative to the normal winter conditions with CV of 20.2% and 23.3% among lines for biomass and yield, respectively. However, contrary to non-stress conditions, the parental cultivars differed about twofold in biomass and yield under heat stress and the population segregated with normal distribution across the full range of this difference. CMS was highly and positively correlated across 79 RILs with biomass (r=0.62**) and yield (r=0.58**) under heat stress. No such correlation was obtained under the normal winter conditions. All RILs expressed a set of HSPs under heat shock (37oC for 2 h). No variation was detected among RILs in high molecular weight HSP isoforms and they were similar to the patterns of the parental cultivars. There was a surprisingly low variability in low molecular weight HSP isoforms. Only one low molecular weight and Nacozari-specific HSP isoform (belonging to HSP 16.9 family) appeared to segregate among all RILs, but it was not quantitatively correlated with any parameter of plant production under heat stress or with CMS in this population. It is concluded that this Danbata/Nacozari F8 RIL population co-segregated well for thermotolerance and yield under heat stress and that CMS could predict the relative productivity of lines under chronic heat stress. Regretfully this population did not express meaningful variability for HSP accumulation under heat shock and therefore no role could be seen for HSP in the heat tolerance of this population. In the study of seven F1 hybrids and their parent cultivars it was found that heterosis (superiority of the F1 over the best parent) for CMs was generally lower than that for growth under heat stress. Hybrids varied in the rate of heterosis for growth at normal (15o/25o) and at high (25o/35o) temperatures. In certain hybrids heterosis for growth significantly increased at high temperature as compared with normal temperature, suggesting temperature-dependent heterosis. Generally, under normal temperature, only limited qualitative variation was detected in the patterns of protein synthesis in four wheat hybrids and their parents. However, a singular protein (C47/5.88) was specifically expressed only in the most heterotic hybrid at normal temperature but not in its parent cultivars. Parental cultivars were significantly different in the sets of synthesized HSP at 37o. No qualitative changes in the patterns of protein expression under heat stress were correlated with heterosis. However, a quantitative increase in certain low molecular weight HSP (mainly H14/5.5 and H14.5.6, belonging to the HSP16.9 family) was positively associated with greater heterosis for growth at high temperature. None of these proteins were correlated with CMS across hybrids. These results support the concept of temperature-dependent heterosis for growth and a possible role for HSP 16.9 family in this respect. Finally, when all experiments are viewed together, it is encouraging to find that genetic variation in wheat yield under chronic heat stress is associated with and well predicted by CMS as an assay of thermotolerance. On the other hand the results for HSP are elusive. While very low genetic variation was expressed for HSP in the RIL population, a unique low molecular weight HSP (of the HSP 16.9 family) could be associated with temperature dependant heterosis for growth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document