scholarly journals 66 Effects of level of protein supplementation on intake of wheat straw and drinking water varying in salinity by Boer and Spanish goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
Chala Merera ◽  
Abdelhafid Keli ◽  
Ryszard Puchala ◽  
Adaven Scronce ◽  
Luana P Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Supplemental Protein ◽  
Water Treatments

Abstract The effect of level of supplemental protein on intake of wheat straw by yearling meat goats drinking saline water was determined. Eighteen Boer and 18 Spanish wethers (initial BW 37.5±0.97 and 34.0±0.41 kg, respectively) consumed straw ad libitum supplemented with soybean meal DM at 0.14 or 0.28% BW (LP and HP, respectively) during 2 4-wk phases. Phase-1 water treatments were fresh water [FW; 233 ppm total dissolved salts (TDS)] and FW with 10,000 and 15,000 ppm TDS added via NaCl (MS and HS, respectively). The added TDS level for HS was 20,000 ppm in phase 2. In the preceding 8 wk, MS- and HS-wethers consumed water with 5,000 and 10,000 ppm TDS, respectively. There were no interactions between supplement and water treatments in water or DMI in the last 2 wk of phases. In phase 1, water intake varied among water treatments (1,075, 1,080, and 1,362 g/d; SEM=74.9) but was not influenced by supplement treatment (1,150 and 1,195 g/d; SEM=61.1), and DMI was similar for both water (603, 598, and 640 g/d for FW, MS, and HS, respectively; SEM=30.0) and supplement treatments (627 and 600 g/d for LP and HP, respectively; SEM=24.5). In phase 2, there was a breed×water treatment interaction (P = 0.039) in water intake (1,038, 1,178, and 1,907 for Boer and 744, 1,029, and 1,340 g/d for Spanish consuming FW, MS, and HS, respectively; SEM=77.7). However, straw intake was not influenced by water (717, 736, and 759 g/d for FW, MS, and HS, respectively; SEM=36.4) or supplement treatment (732 and 743 g/d for LP and HP, respectively; SEM=29.7). In conclusion, with relatively high levels of TDS in drinking water achieved by NaCl addition, a high level of supplemental protein did not enhance intake of wheat straw. However, future research should address other types of saline water.

scholarly journals PSX-10 Program Chair Poster Pick: Effects of meat goat breed, salinity of drinking water, and level of protein supplementation on intake and digestion

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 456-456
Author(s):  
Abdelhafid Keli ◽  
Chala Merera ◽  
Ryszard Puchala ◽  
Adaven Scronce ◽  
Luana P Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Meat Goat ◽  
Water Treatments

Abstract The objective was to determine if effects of level of salinity in drinking water for yearling meat goat wethers consuming low-protein roughage are influenced by level of protein supplementation and breed. Eighteen Boer (initial BW of 37.9±1.12 kg and 1.15±0.009 yr) and 18 Spanish goats (33.5±0.66 kg and 1.16±0.008 yr) consumed wheat straw ad libitum for 10 wk. Soybean meal was supplemented at 0.13–0.14 or 0.27–0.28% BW (DM; Low and High, respectively) and water was fresh alone (240 mg/kg total dissolved salts) or with NaCl added at 5,000 or 10,000 mg/L (FW, MS, and HS, respectively). Final BW was not influenced by supplement or water treatments (P >0.12) and was greater (P = 0.003) for Boer vs. Spanish (38.6 and 34.7 kg; SEM=0.84). Water intake ranked (P < 0.05) FW< MS< HS (1,093, 1,295, and 1,541 g/d; SEM=66.6). Wheat straw DMI was similar between supplement treatments (684 and 692 g/d; SEM=21.1) and, thus, total DMI tended (P < 0.068) to be greater for High (733 and 793 g/d for Low and High, respectively; SEM=21.9). There was an interaction (P = 0.015) in total DMI between breed and water treatments because of a relatively low value for Spanish-FW (821, 733, and 811 for Boer and 636, 781, and 796 g/d for Spanish consuming FW, MS, and HS, respectively; SEM=38.0). Breed and water and supplement treatments did not influence the average of total tract digestibilities determined in wk 4 and 8 (P >010). In conclusion, these yearling meat goats displayed considerable tolerance of drinking water high in salinity as varied by NaCl addition, without consistent breed differences. Furthermore, under these conditions, effects of level of protein supplementation did not markedly differ among water treatments or between goat breeds. Future research should address animals with greater nutrient and energy demands and sources of saline water with various mineral arrays.

scholarly journals 351 Evaluation of varying levels of a nutritional water supplement on growth performance of nursery pigs fed complex diets without antibiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 125-125
Author(s):  
Afton Sawyer ◽  
Scott Carter ◽  
Pornpim Aparachita ◽  
Jared Harshman ◽  
Megan Bible ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Abstract Recently we reported administering a nutritional water supplement (d 0–3) via drinking water (62.5 ml WB/L water) tended to improve final BW, ADG, and G:F of nursery pigs. Supplementation also improved average daily water disappearance (ADWD) for pigs fed simple corn-soybean meal diets. To evaluate the effects of additional amounts of this water supplement (WB; Water Boost, Furst-McNess Company, Freeport, IL), 260 crossbred pigs (5.16 kg BW; 18 d of age) were randomly allotted to four water treatments (7 pens/treatment, 9 to 10 pigs/pen). Water treatments were 0, 31.7, 63.4, and 95.1 ml WB/L water (stock solution) delivered through water medicators (1:128 dilution). Pigs were fed a complex nursery diet without feed-grade antibiotics in four phases (Phase 1: d 0–7, Phase 2: d 7–14, Phase 3: d 14–21, and Phase 4: d 21–42). Water treatments were provided on d 0 – 7. Pigs and feeders were weighed weekly to determine ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Water meters were recorded daily to measure ADWD. Water Boost improved (linear, P < 0.05) ADWD (L/p/d) for d 0 – 21 (2.66, 3.16, 3.21, and 3.16), d 21 – 42 (7.89, 8.58, 8.61, and 9.21), and for the overall period (5.19, 5.76, 5.77, and 6.06). However, there was no difference (P > 0.10) in ADG. Supplementation of WB decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05) ADFI (g/d) for d 21 – 42 (718, 688, 672, and 716), and tended (P < 0.10) to decrease ADFI during the overall period (481, 468, 453, and 484). Supplementation of WB improved (quadratic, P < 0.05) G:F between d 21 – 42 (0.76, 0.80, 0.81, and 0.78) and for the overall period (0.77, 0.80, 0.81, and 0.79). These data suggest supplementing WB for the first 7 d post-weaning improved water intake (16.7%) and G:F (5.2%) for the overall nursery period.

Perception and success rate of using advanced airway management by hospital-based paramedics in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Amani Alenazi ◽  
Bashayr Alotaibi ◽  
Najla Saleh ◽  
Abdullah Alshibani ◽  
Meshal Alharbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Airway Management ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Supraglottic Airway ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Advanced Airway ◽  
Supraglottic Airway Devices

Objective: The study aimed to measure the success rate of pre-hospital tracheal intubation (TI) and supraglottic airway devices (SADs) performed by paramedics for adult patients and to assess the perception of paramedics of advanced airway management.Method: The study consisted of two phases: phase 1 was a retrospective analysis to assess the TI and SADs’ success rates when applied by paramedics for adult patients aged >14 years from 2012 to 2017, and phase 2 was a distributed questionnaire to assess paramedics’ perception of advanced airway management.Result: In phase 1, 24 patients met our inclusion criteria. Sixteen (67%) patients had TI, of whom five had failed TI but then were successfully managed using SADs. The TI success rate was 69% from the first two attempts compared to SADs (100% from first attempt). In phase 2, 63/90 (70%) paramedics responded to the questionnaire, of whom 60 (95%) completed it. Forty-eight (80%) paramedics classified themselves to be moderately or very competent with advanced airway management. However, most of them (80%) performed only 1‐5 TIs or SADs a year.Conclusion: Hospital-based paramedics (i.e. paramedics who are working at hospitals and not in the ambulance service, and who mostly respond to small restricted areas in Saudi Arabia) handled few patients requiring advanced airway management and had a higher competency level with SADs than with TI. The study findings could be impacted by the low sample size. Future research is needed on the success rate and impact on outcomes of using pre-hospital advanced airway management, and on the challenges of mechanical ventilation use during interfacility transfer.

scholarly journals Effect of drinking saline water on food and water intake, food digestibility, and nitrogen and mineral balances of rusa deer stags (Cervus timorensis russa)

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Yape Kii ◽  
G. McL. Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Food Digestibility ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe salinity tolerance of Javan rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) was investigated with seven stags, aged 4·5 years. Animals were offered a medium-quality chaffed lucerne hay and given five different levels of water salinity: (a) control (570 mg/kg of total dissolved salts (TDS)) and (b) ‘saline’ water with TDS contents of 1000, 3500, 6000 and 8500 mg/kg. Food intake, food digestibility and nitrogen balance were not affected by increasing salt concentration in drinking water, however the drinking water (DW) intake, the total (food plus drinking) water intake and the DW:dry-matter ratio increased with increasing salt concentration. Some deer given water containing 8500 mg TDS per kg showed signs of stress which included large between-day fluctuations in water intake, opening of the orbital gland, head shaking, and rapid breathing. Rusa deer can tolerate drinking water containing 6000 mg TDS per kg for at least 9 days without harmful effect but may be unable to tolerate water with 8500 mg TDS per kg.

The relationship between uses of music, musical taste, age, and life goals

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573562091524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian North ◽  
Emily Hird
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Life Goals ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Musical Taste ◽  
Short Test ◽  
The Relationship

Musical taste and uses of music correlate with age, although there has been little theoretical explanation of these relationships. The present research argues that musical behavior may be explained by chronological age and variations in life goals across the lifespan, and investigated the relationship between life goals, age, musical taste, and uses of music using an exploratory mixed-methods approach. In Phase 1, thematic analysis of responses from 27 adults aged 65+ years allowed development of an improved “Uses of Music” questionnaire for use with adults of all ages. In Phase 2, 799 Australian adults aged 18–81 years completed three questionnaires, namely Uses of Music (amended), Short Test of Music Preference—Revised, and the GOALS Importance Subscale. Chronological age correlated with life goals; and chronological age, life goals, and musical taste predicted using music for each of social reasons, mood regulation, reminiscence, and activities. Future research on music should not regard age as simply a chronological variable, and instead acknowledge that it implies several life goals which themselves relate to musical taste and uses of music in different ways.

Improvement in Overground Walking After Treadmill-Based Gait Training in a Child With Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gena Henderson ◽  
Matthew Beerse ◽  
Huaqing Liang ◽  
Diego Ferreira ◽  
Jianhua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Overground Walking ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Pediatric Populations

Abstract Background Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a rare congenital brain defect that produces a wide variety of cognitive and motor impairments. Literature regarding the response of pediatric populations with ACC to physical rehabilitation is scarce. Treadmill-based gait training (TT) has been shown to improve walking ability in some pediatric populations but has not been investigated in children with ACC. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a novel treadmill intervention paradigm on the gait parameters of a child with ACC. Design A single-participant design with 2 phases was used. Methods The settings were the participant’s home and the laboratory. The participant was a 13-year-old girl who had ACC and cortical visual impairment and who ambulated independently using a reverse walker for household and short community distances. A home-based TT intervention (2 phases of 3 months of training over 6 months) was implemented, and a laboratory-based gait analysis was conducted at 4 time points: baseline, after each of the 2 training phases, and 3 months after the cessation of training. The intervention consisted of weekly bouts of TT. Phase 1 incorporated forward, backward, and incline walking for 15 minutes each; in phase 2, this protocol was continued, but short-burst interval training for 10 minutes was added. Data collected at each laboratory visit included spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics (joint angles) during overground and treadmill walking. Results After both phases of training, increased step length, decreased step width, and foot progression angle and decreased variability of most spatiotemporal parameters were observed for the participant. Further, after phase 2, increased peak extension at the hip, knee, and ankle, decreased crouched gait, and improved minimum foot clearance during overground walking were observed. Most gait improvements were retained for 3 months after the cessation of the intervention. Limitations The small sample size of this study and wide variety of presentations within individuals with ACC limit the generalizability of our findings. Conclusions TT may be a safe and effective treatment paradigm for children with ACC. Future research should investigate the effect of intervention dosage on gait improvements and generalization in individuals with ACC.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a commercial supplement added to drinking water in broilers fed aflatoxin-contaminated diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Tung M. Che
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Water Supplementation

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate effects of water supplementation with a commercial supplement (VitalSea®) on growth performance, mortality and serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in broilers fed diets with aflatoxin (AF) contamination. A total of 960 day-old mixed-sex chicks (Ross 308, initial BW: 46.28 ± 0.25 g/chick) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. The treatments included (1) basal diet without AF contamination and supplementation (negative control, NC), (2) AF-contaminated diet without supplementation (positive control, PC), (3) AF-contaminated diet + water supplementation with 0.5 mL VitalSea®/10 kg BW (VitalSea 1) and (4) AF-contaminated diet + water supplementation with 1.0 mL VitalSea®/10 kg BW (VitalSea 2). Each treatment was replicated with 8 pens of 30 birds (50% male, 50% female) each. Contaminated diets containing 30 μg AF/kg were fed to birds for Phase 1 (d 1-21) only. Water supplemented with VitalSea® was administered to birds for 5 days (d 22-26). In Phase 1 (d 1-21), there were no differences in ADG and ADFI among treatments (P > 0.05). In Phase 2 (d 22-35), there was a trend that the ADG of VitalSea 1 (68.66 g/d) and VitalSea 2 (68.56 g/d) was higher (P < 0.06) than that of the PC (62.61 g/d). Water supplemented with VitalSea® improved the FCR of broilers compared with the PC (P < 0.01). Over a 5-week study, broilers of the PC had a worse FCR than those of the other treatments (P < 0.01). At d 21, the serum LDH concentration of the PC was higher than that of the NC (P = 0.026). Briefly, addition of VitalSea® to drinking water for 5 days improved growth rate and feed efficiency of broilers fed AF-contaminated diets.

scholarly journals The first research agenda for the chiropractic profession in Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney M Rubinstein ◽  
Jenni Bolton ◽  
Alexandra L Webb ◽  
Jan Hartvigsen
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Chiropractic Profession ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Research involving chiropractors is evolving and expanding in Europe while resources are limited. Therefore, we considered it timely to initiate a research agenda for the chiropractic profession in Europe. The aim was to identify and suggest priorities for future research in order to best channel the available resources and facilitate advancement of the profession. Methods In total, 60 academics and clinicians working in a chiropractic setting, and who had attended any of the annual European Chiropractors’ Union/European Academy of Chiropractic (ECU/EAC) Researchers’ Day meetings since their inception in 2008, were invited to participate. Data collection consisted of the following phases: phase 1 identification of themes; phase 2 consensus, which employed a Delphi process and allowed us to distill the list of research priorities; and phase 3 presentation of the results during both the Researchers’ Day and a plenary session of the annual ECU Convention in May 2013. In addition, results were distributed to all ECU member countries. Results The response rate was 42% from phase 1 and 68% from phase 2. In general, participants were middle-aged, male and had been awarded a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) as well as chiropractic degree. Approximately equal numbers of participants had obtained their chiropractic degree from the UK/Europe and North America. The majority of participants worked primarily in an academic/research environment and approximately half worked in an independent institution. In total, 58% of the participants were from the UK and Denmark, collectively representing 44% of the chiropractors working in Europe. In total, 70 research priorities were identified, of which 19 reached consensus as priorities for future research. The following three items were thought to be most important: 1) cost-effectiveness/economic evaluations, 2) identification of subgroups likely to respond to treatment, and 3) initiation and promotion of collaborative research activities. Conclusions This is the first formal and systematic attempt to develop a research agenda for the chiropractic profession in Europe. Future discussion and study is necessary to determine whether the themes identified in this survey should be broadly implemented.

Comparison of Avoidance Learning in Two Species of Lizards, Crotaphytus Collaris and Dipsosaurus Dorsalis

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1055-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Bicknell ◽  
A. M. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Learning ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Escape Training ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Escape Route ◽  
Crotaphytus Collaris ◽  
Dipsosaurus Dorsalis ◽  
Avoidance Problem ◽  
Collared Lizards

The performance of high and low substrate temperature groups of two species of lizards, collared lizards and desert iguanas, were compared on a shock-avoidance problem. All Ss made escapes on all trials of the three days of escape training. During Phase 1, no group of either species attained the criterion for avoidance learning within 250 trials. Phase 2 was conducted to analyze the failure to demonstrate avoidance learning. Half of all Ss were provided with a tunnel, as a more “natural” escape route. Half of all Ss were administered Reserpine in an attempt to reduce a postulated “freezing” response. The possibilities of habituation to shock were considered. Only the tunnel groups of collared lizards attained the criterion for avoidance learning. The performance of the tunnel group of desert iguanas improved significantly, but a significant interaction between the effects of the drug and tunnel treatments makes these results difficult to interpret. Procedural differences between this study and those conducted by Powell (1967, 1968) and Powell and Mantor (1969) are considered. Suggestions are made for future research with lizards.

Quantitative prediction of drinking water intake of Murrah buffalo calves under saline water

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Sharma ◽  
S. S. Kundu ◽  
Hujaz Tariq ◽  
Preeti ◽  
N. Kewalramani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quantitative Prediction ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Murrah Buffalo

The present investigation was carried out with the aim of determining water requirement of Murrah buffalo calves under saline water. Twenty male buffalo calves were divided into five different treatment groups (n = 4 each) with average body weight of 219.94 kg. The animals in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 groups were offered water having total dissolved solids (TDS) 0.55, 2.57, 4.46, 6.11 and 8.78 parts per thousand, respectively for 180 days. Data regarding environmental factors (maximum ambient temperature (Tmax), relative humidity (RH), rainfall and sunshine hour), dry matter intake (DMI) and drinking water intake (DWI) of individual animals were recorded daily. Results showed that Tmax, DMI, body weight (BW), rainfall and sunshine hours were positively related (P<0.001) while, relative humidity (RH) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of water were negatively correlated (P<0.001) to DWI. Applying a multiple linear regression analysis to all independent variables yielded DWI prediction equation as: (DWI) (L/day) = - 7.81- 0.45 × TDS (parts per thousand) + 0.41 × Tmax (°C) + 2.97 × DMI (kg/day) - 0.004 × BW (kg) with coefficient of multiple determination (R2 = 0.80), which can be useful to predict DWI of buffalo calves reared on saline water under tropical climatic conditions.

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