Pyriproxyfen Ingested With Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits Is Carried by the Feces and Reduces the Reproductive Potential of Adult Female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjaa265 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tarsis Tamar Pereira Silva ◽

Aurea Vieira Teixeira ◽

Alexandre de Almeida e Silva

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Adult Female ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Reproductive Potential ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Aqueous Conditions ◽

New Strategies

Abstract In the search for new strategies to control Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae), several studies have successfully related pyriproxyfen (PPF) tarsal transference to breeding sites (autodissemination), as well as the sterilization potential of females exposed to PPF. Potential PPF autodissemination by mosquito feces after the ingestion of sugar baits has also been proposed. Therefore, the present work evaluated several parameters, e.g., fecal production, residuality under dry and aqueous conditions, PPF excretion affecting emergence inhibition (EI) by fecal deposits of Ae. aegypti fed with attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) containing PPF as well as their reproductive potential. Females were fed with ATSBs offered as droplets and the feces were collected using filter paper and transferred to plastic cups with L3 larvae to evaluate EI. The residual effect of feces in aqueous and dry conditions and PPF excretion on EI was obtained by keeping the feces in water or dried for different time intervals and using feces collected at 24-h intervals, respectively. Females received a bloodmeal after feeding on ATSBs, eggs and larval counting expressed the reproductive potential. The fecal mass was not affected by PPF concentration, but EI increased from 33 to 54% as the PPF concentration increased. The PPF excretion in the feces exceeded 96 h. The residual effect in the EI for feces kept in water was reduced by more than 60% after 30 d but was not affected under dry conditions. The fecundity and fertility of the females were reduced up to 51% and 97%, respectively.

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Control Strategy for Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) Population

10.5772/intechopen.96088 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Taiana Gabriela Barbosa de Souza ◽

Eduardo José de Arruda ◽

Raphael Antônio Borges Gomes ◽

Alex Martins Machado ◽

Antônio Pancrácio de Souza

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Population Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

The World ◽

Adaptive Ability ◽

High Degree ◽

New Strategies ◽

Vectorial Competence

The mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), is adapted to different environments, mainly urban ones. They have a high degree of vectorial competence for viral diseases, especially Dengue, the arbovirus with the highest number of cases in the world. The adaptive ability of this insect and the abundance of breeding sites have undermined attempts at population’s control, resulting in a high degree of infestation in many regions of the world, resulting in a Dengue endemic. It is important to understand the different nuances of the insect in order to understand the adaptive capacity of this vector, through the knowledge of his behavior, to propose new strategies and engagement of population in proactive actions that allow the population control of this vector, especially in periods of greater proliferation. This chapter discusses population control strategies, in different scenarios and carried out by different researchers, mainly in Brazil.

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GAMBARAN INDEKS LARVA AEDES AEGYPTI DI BUFFER WILAYAH KERJA BANDARA SEPINGGAN BALIKPAPAN

Medical and Health Science Journal ◽

10.33086/mhsj.v3i1.808 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdurrakhman abdurrakhman Abdurrakhman

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Dengue Disease ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Transportation Equipment ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Larvae Density

ABSTRACT : The House index and Container Index in the buffer area of the working area of Balikpapan Sepinggan Airport is still above 1%, so the potential for the spread of dengue disease. Mobilization of people, goods and transportation equipment will increasingly affect the transmission of disease in ports and airports, especially for vector-borne diseases. This study aims to analyze the risk factors associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti and describe the larvae index in the buffer zone of the Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport This study was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study was 121 houses with a proportionate stratified random sampling, the research location was in the buffer zone of Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport in November 2018. The variables studied were houses with positive larvae containers, breeding sites and PSN behavior and larvasidation. The data was analyzed using the chi square test. There was a relationship between houses with larvae positive Aedes aegypti, behavior of Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN) and larvasidation with larvae density of Aedes aegypti but not for breeding sites (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.64), and (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.34). The description of several Aedes aegypti larvae index, namely House Index (HI) = 57.02%, Container Index (CI) = 24.36%, Bruteau Index (BI) = 148.76, and Flick Free Numbers (ABJ) = 42.98 %. Houses with larvae of Aedes aegypti larvae and PSN and larvasidation behavior were associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti. The index of HI, CI and BI larvae is of high value so there is a risk of DBD transmission

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Early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and social restrictions on ambulance missions

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckab065 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lauri Laukkanen ◽

Sanna Lahtinen ◽

Janne Liisanantti ◽

Timo Kaakinen ◽

Ari Ehrola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Phase ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Significant Decline ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Care Services ◽

Group A ◽

New Strategies

Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had a major impact on health care services globally. Recent studies report that emergency departments have experienced a significant decline in the number of admitted patients in the early phase of the pandemic. To date, research regarding the influence of COVID-19 on emergency medical services (EMS) is limited. The present study investigates a change in the number and characteristics of EMS missions in the early phase of the pandemic. Methods All EMS missions in the Northern Ostrobothnia region, Finland (population 295 500) between 1 March to 30 June 2020 were screened and analyzed as the study group. A control group was composed from the EMS calls between the corresponding months in the years 2016–2019. Results A total of 74 576 EMS missions were screened for the study. Within the first two months after the first COVID-19 cases in the study area, the decline in the number of EMS missions was 5.7% – 13% compared to the control group average. EMS time intervals (emergency call to dispatch, dispatch, en-route, on-scene and hospital handover) prolonged in the COVID-19 period. Dispatches concerning mental health problems increased most in the study period (+1.2%, p < 0.001). Only eleven confirmed COVID-19 infections were encountered by EMS in the study period. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the present COVID-19 pandemic and social restrictions lead to changes in the EMS usage. These preliminary findings emphasize the importance of developing new strategies and protocols in response to the oncoming pandemic waves.

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Susceptibility of Aedes Aegypti Against Various Insecticides in Lahore, Pakistan

Asian Journal of Allied Health Sciences (AJAHS) ◽

10.52229/ajahs.v5i4.787 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Farkhanda Manzoor ◽

Rooma Adalat ◽

Tallat Anwar Faridi ◽

Wafa Fatima ◽

Muhammad Moazzam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Wild Strain ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Incomplete Coverage ◽

Wild Strains ◽

New Strategies ◽

Lahore City ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

Dengue fever is an arbo-viral infection, widespread all over the world. In 21th Century, there is no safe affordable and effective vaccine accessible yet; vector control is that most effective method for the control of the disease Objective: To determine the susceptibility status of wild and laboratory strains larvae and adults of Aedes aegypti against different group of insecticides in Lahore city. Method: From Lahore sites, larvae were collected where insecticides used for wild strain at high frequency and quantity. The Insectary of National Institute of Malaria Research and Training (NIMRT), Lahore, Pakistan, adults and larvae were collected for laboratory strain.The laboratory strains for larvae bioassays were used. The mosquitoes populations indoor and outdoor collected in 2009, hatched from larvae into adults insectary in Lahore, Pakistan. During this study, four major insecticides groups are used which include Pyrethroids (Deltamethrine 2.5% SC), Neonicotenoids (Imidacloprid 5% SC), Phenyl-pyrazoles (Fipronil 2.5% EC) and Organophosphates dichlorvos (DDVP 50% EC). For data analysis, Minitab statistical software (Version 13.20) used for data expressed as mean ± S.E.M from bioassays. By using EPA Probit, LC was estimated with 95% confidence. The 50 statistically significant p value was <= 0.05. For comparing the concentrations of insecticides, Duncan's multiple range tests was used with significant difference (5% level) using at New Costat. Results: Different location of Lahore samples, Imidacloprid the most toxic to Aedes aegypti's wild strains on the other hand while Fipronil was also active for wild larval samples. Deltamethrine showed least activity against both adults and larval strains. The susceptibility of the eld strains was lower than laboratory strains; resistant ratio varies from insecticide to insecticide. In reporting results, mosquitos' population was resistance because of infrequent and incomplete coverage. Conclusions: This study concluded that Pyrethroids and agriculture pest control play role in indirect growth of insecticides' classes. Based on this study it is suggested that by using new strategies to prevent and delay in growth of insecticides will helpful in Lahore, city, Pakistan.

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Spatial distribution of potential and positive Aedes aegypti breeding sites

Biomédica ◽

10.7705/biomedica.v37i0.3471 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Daniel Elías Cuartas ◽

Genny Martínez ◽

Diana María Caicedo ◽

Jhonny Garcés ◽

Yoseth Ariza-Araujo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Breeding Sites

Introducción. La distribución espacial de Aedes aegypti es heterogénea, y la interacción entre criaderos positivos y potenciales en el intradomicilio y el extradomicilio es uno de los aspectos más difíciles de caracterizar en los programas de control vectorial.Objetivo. Describir la relación espacial entre los criaderos potenciales y positivos de A. aegypti en el intradomicilio y en el extradomicilio en un sector de Cali, Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una encuesta entomológica con el objetivo de recolectar datos de los criaderos en el intradomicilio y el extradomicilio. El análisis exploratorio de los datos espaciales incluyó la localización, la tendencia espacial, la autocorrelación espacial local, la continuidad espacial y la correlación espacial de los criaderos positivos y potenciales según el hábitat.Resultados. Se determinaron las tendencias espaciales. Mediante el análisis de autocorrelación espacial local se ubicaron los conglomerados de criaderos potenciales y positivos del extradomicilio. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre los criaderos potenciales y los positivos y una correlación negativa entre el intradomicilio y el extradomicilio.Conclusiones. La relación espacial entre criaderos positivos y potenciales de A. aegypti en el intradomicilio y el extradomicilio es dinámica y muy sensible a las características de cada territorio, por lo que establecer su distribución en el espacio contribuye a la priorización de recursos y acciones en los programas de control vectorial.

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Suitability of containers from different sources as breeding sites of Aedes aegypti (L.) in a cemetery of Buenos Aires City, Argentina

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/s0074-02762002000600006 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 789-792 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Darío Vezzani ◽

Nicolás Schweigmann

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Different Sources ◽

Buenos Aires City

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Household-Level Risk Factors for Aedes aegypti Pupal Density in Guayaquil, Ecuador

10.1101/2020.11.23.391938 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Thien-An Ha ◽

Tomás M. León ◽

Karina Lalangui ◽

Patricio Ponce ◽

John M. Marshall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Vector Control ◽

Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽

Control Methods ◽

Municipal Services ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Household Level ◽

Level Model ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackgroundVector-borne diseases are a major cause of disease burden in Guayaquil, Ecuador, especially arboviruses spread by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Understanding which household characteristics and risk factors lead to higher Ae. aegypti densities and consequent disease risk can help inform and optimize vector control programs.MethodsCross-sectional entomological surveys were conducted in Guayaquil between 2013 and 2016, covering household demographics, municipal services, potential breeding containers, presence of Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae, and history of using mosquito control methods. A zero-truncated negative binomial regression model was fitted to data for estimating the household pupal index. An additional model assessed the factors of the most productive breeding sites across all of the households.ResultsOf surveyed households, 610 satisfied inclusion criteria. The final household-level model found that collection of large solid items (e.g., furniture and tires) and rainfall the week of and 2 weeks before collection were negatively correlated with average pupae per container, while bed canopy use, unemployment, container water volume, and the interaction between large solid collection and rainfall 2 weeks before the sampling event were positively correlated. Selection of these variables across other top candidate models with ΔAICc < 1 was robust, with the strongest effects from large solid collection and bed canopy use. The final container-level model explaining the characteristics of breeding sites found that contaminated water is positively correlated with Ae. aegypti pupae counts while breeding sites composed of car parts, furniture, sewerage parts, vases, ceramic material, glass material, metal material, and plastic material were all negatively correlated.ConclusionHaving access to municipal services like bulky item pickup was effective at reducing mosquito proliferation in households. Association of bed canopy use with higher mosquito densities is unexpected, and may be a consequence of large local mosquito populations or due to limited use or effectiveness of other vector control methods. The impact of rainfall on mosquito density is multifaceted, as it may both create new habitat and “wash out” existing habitat. Providing services and social/technical interventions focused on monitoring and eliminating productive breeding sites is important for reducing aquatic-stage mosquito densities in households at risk for Ae. aegypti-transmitted diseases.

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