scholarly journals Maternal Lipid Intake During Pregnancy and Lactation Alters Milk Composition and Production and Litter Growth in Rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Del Prado ◽  
Guadalupe Delgado ◽  
Salvador Villalpando
Keyword(s):  
Milk Composition ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Lycopene improves maternal reproductive performance by modulating milk composition and placental antioxidative and immune status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shishuai Sun ◽  
Qingwei Meng ◽  
Yongsong Bai ◽  
Chunyu Cao ◽  
Jibo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Placental health and milk quality are important for maternal reproductive performance during pregnancy and lactation. Lycopene plays an important role in antioxidation, anti-inflammation and regulating lipid metabolism. The goal of...

Effects of B vitamins and methyl group donors on milk production, milk composition and blood biochemistry in dairy cows

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 196-196
Author(s):  
S.E Richards ◽  
S Hicklin ◽  
T Lord ◽  
A Nickson ◽  
J Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Tag Accumulation

Recent reviews highlight the importance of the liver in the coordination of nutrient fluxes in support of pregnancy and lactation (e.g. Drackley et al., 2001). Mobilisation of body fat reserves in the late dry period and early lactation leads to an increase in uptake of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) by the liver. Their metabolic fate is either oxidation or esterification into triacylglycerides (TAG) that are either exported in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) or accumulated within liver cells. Recent evidence indicates that TAG accumulation impairs ureagenic and gluconeogenic capacity of the liver, with consequent reductions in feed intake and milk yield, increased incidence of disease and decreased reproductive performance (Overton and Piepenbrink, 1999).LiFTTM (NuTec Ltd.) is a proprietary mixture of B-group vitamins and methyl group donors (rumen protected choline, niacin, vitamin B12, biotin, folic acid and thiamine) designed to reduce the accumulation of TAG in the liver and accelerate VLDL export. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of LiFT on milk yield and composition and concentrations of metabolites in blood.

Exercise and Lactation: Are They Compatible?

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale B. Carey ◽  
Timothy J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Exercising Women ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Lactation is an energy-demanding physiological process for the maternal organism and life-giving for the offspring. Likewise, exercise is an energy-demanding process. This review addresses the Compatibility of exercise during lactation. Human studies suggest no detrimental effect of exercise during lactation on milk composition and volume, infant growth and development, or maternal health. Studies also demonstrate improved cardiovascular fitness in lactating, exercising women and suggest a quicker return to pre-pregnancy body weight and a more positive sense of well-being, compared to sedentary controls. Findings from rodent studies, although of questionable value for humans, have generally shown no detrimental influence of exercise during pregnancy and lactation on pup growth and development. To date, findings suggest that exercise and lactation are compatible activities. Key words: maternal health, infant growth, breast milk composition, breast milk volume, cardiovascular fitness

scholarly journals DHA Supplementation of Obese Rats throughout Pregnancy and Lactation Modifies Milk Composition and Anxiety Behavior of Offspring

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4243
Author(s):  
Elena Zambrano ◽  
Guadalupe L. Rodríguez-González ◽  
Luis A. Reyes-Castro ◽  
Claudia J. Bautista ◽  
Diana C. Castro-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Offspring ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Anxiety Behavior ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body

We investigated if supplementing obese mothers (MO) with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) improves milk long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) composition and offspring anxiety behavior. From weaning throughout pregnancy and lactation, female Wistar rats ate chow (C) or a high-fat diet (MO). One month before mating and through lactation, half the mothers received 400 mg DHA kg−1 d−1 orally (C+DHA or MO+DHA). Offspring ate C after weaning. Maternal weight, total body fat, milk hormones, and milk nutrient composition were determined. Pups’ milk nutrient intake was evaluated, and behavioral anxiety tests were conducted. MO exhibited increased weight and total fat, and higher milk corticosterone, leptin, linoleic, and arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations, and less DHA content. MO male and female offspring had higher ω-6/ ω-3 milk consumption ratios. In the elevated plus maze, female but not male MO offspring exhibited more anxiety. MO+DHA mothers exhibited lower weight, total fat, milk leptin, and AA concentrations, and enhanced milk DHA. MO+DHA offspring had a lower ω-6/ω-3 milk intake ratio and reduced anxiety vs. MO. DHA content was greater in C+DHA milk vs. C. Supplementing MO mothers with DHA improves milk composition, especially LCPUFA content and ω-6/ω-3 ratio reducing offspring anxiety in a sex-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Effects of maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation on milk composition and offspring development

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Bautista ◽  
R. J. Bautista ◽  
S. Montaño ◽  
L. A. Reyes-Castro ◽  
O. N. Rodriguez-Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Neonatal Nutrition ◽  
Pup Development

AbstractBefore weaning, breast milk is the physiological form of neonatal nutrition, providing pups with all nutrient requirements. Maternal low-protein diet (LPD) during pregnancy and lactation induces adverse changes in key maternal organs, which have negative effects on pup development. We studied the effects of maternal LPD on liver weight, mammary gland (MG) cell differentiation, milk composition and production and pup development throughout lactation. We fed rats with control (C) or LPD (R) during pregnancy and lactation. At 7 d early, 14 d mid and 21 d late lactation stages, maternal biochemical parameters, body, liver and MG weights were analysed. MG cell differentiation was analysed by haematoxylin and eosin staining; milk nutrient composition and production were studied; pup body, liver and brain weights, hippocampal arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA were quantified. Results showed lower body and liver weights, minor MG cell differentiation and lower serum insulin and TAG in R compared with C. R milk contained less protein and higher AA at early and mid stages compared with C. R pup milk and fat intake were lower at all stages. R protein intake at early and mid stages and DHA intake at mid and late stages were lower compared with C. In R pups, lower body, liver and brain weights were associated with decreased hippocampal AA and DHA. We conclude that maternal LPD impairs liver and MG function and induces significant changes in maternal milk composition, pup milk intake and organ development.

scholarly journals Energy and nitrogen metabolism of rabbits during pregnancy, lactation, and concurrent pregnancy and lactation

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Partridge ◽  
G. E. Lobley ◽  
R. A. Fordyce
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

1. In an experiment twenty-four cross-bred does were used, six in each of four physiological states: non-pregnant (NP), pregnant (P), lactating (L) or concurrently pregnant and lactating (CPL). They were offered a diet of high nutrient density (crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25) 272 g/kg dry matter (DM), metabolizable energy 15.5 MJ/kg DM) at one of two intakes on a scale based on metabolic body-weight (kg body-weight0.75). The study lasted for 24 d and was divided into three consecutive 8 d periods: ‘early’, ‘mid-’ and ‘late’ pregnancy or lactation, or concurrent pregnancy and lactation.2. Around the mid-point of each period the does were placed for 24 h in a gradient-layer calorimeter, and measurements of energy exchange were made. N balance was also measured throughout each period of the study.3. Milk output in L and CPL does was measured by weighing the does immediately before and after suckling once each day. Milk samples were taken from a parallel group of does and the estimates of milk composition applied to the experimental group.4. Milk yields and composition were similar for L and CPL does in early and mid-lactation, but in late lactation the milk output from CPL does declined rapidly. This was the period of maximal fetal growth rates. Energy and N retention increased in P and CPL does in late pregnancy.5. Regression analysis was carried out to summarize the relations between metabolizable energy intake (MEI) and energy retention (ER; MEI-heat loss) in each physiological state. The equations were:NP: ER = 0.67 (se 0.057) MEI – 208,P: ER = 0.67 (se 0.095) ME1 – 224,L: ER = 0.90 (se 0.022) ME1 – 441,CPL: ER = 0.85 (se 0.036) ME1 – 387,where all variables are expressed in kj/kg body-weight0.75 per d.

Hormonal, behavioural and performance characteristics of Meishan sows during pregnancy and lactation

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer and S. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Endocrine Factors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Biological Differences

Meishan sows are known for their high prolificity and great lactational performances. Specific breed characteristics in terms of their embryonic, foetal and placental developments as well as their differences in mammary development at the end of gestation are covered. The various known metabolic, physiological and endocrine factors related to the decreased embryonic mortality and increased placental vascularity, which are largely responsible for the greater litter size of Meishans, are discussed. An overview of published data on the endocrine status of the sow and foetuses throughout pregnancy is also presented. The superiority of Meishan sows during lactation is described in terms of its various components (i.e., piglet growth and development, sow and litter behaviour, milk composition) and the breed differences pertaining to sow metabolism and endocrinology during lactation are covered in order to provide an insight as to the possible mechanisms responsible for these superior performances. This review illustrates how a better understanding of the biological differences between Meishan sows and sows from European breeds could benefit the development of new management schemes to further improve reproductive potential of sows from traditional breeds. Key words: Meishan, gestation, lactation, hormones, behaviour, performance

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