When States Fail: The Politics of Orthodox Churches, Forced Displacement and Humanitarian Structures in Serbia and Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian N Leustean
Keyword(s):  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
State Failure ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Governance ◽  
European Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Government

Abstract In Serbia, during the 2015 European refugee crisis, the Orthodox Church mobilized communities in providing humanitarian aid before local authorities and the government issued an organized response. Two years later, in December 2017, with the support of the Orthodox Church, Ukraine exchanged war prisoners with the separatist authorities in Donbas. In both countries, the social and political involvement of Orthodox Churches in dealing with forced displacement was unprecedented. Drawing on literature review and interviews with 25 representatives of governmental and civil-society bodies, members of the clergy and academics, this article explores the ways in which, in Serbia and Ukraine, when states fail to offer support for populations affected by violence, religious communities have been among the first actors to take over state governance and provide human security. It argues that, by doing so, Orthodox Churches become open to politicization from state authorities. The article contributes to the study of religion and forced displacement by linking the politicization of Orthodox Churches to the concept of state failure.

Nonrecording the “European refugee crisis” in Greece

Focaal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (77) ◽  
pp. 36-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Rozakou
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
The State ◽  
State Failure ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
European Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Absolute Knowledge

This article explores nonrecording on the borders of Europe during the “European refugee crisis” in 2015. It examines the ambiguous practices of border control and the diverse actors involved. Taking the island of Lesvos as its starting point, the article interrogates how state functionaries manage an “irregular” bureaucracy. Irregular bureaucracy is approached as an essential element of state-craft , rather than an indication of state failure. Nonrecording is thus a crucial site of contestation between the state, nonstate agents, and the government, as well as between Greece and “Europe.” Nevertheless, despite the prevalence of irregularity, the imagery associated with ideal bureaucracy—a system of absolute knowledge, control, and governance of populations—is powerful; and yet, the actors are fully aware that it is a fantasy.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI SEMANGAT PERSATUAN PADA MASYARAKAT MULTIKULTURAL MELALUI AGENDA FORUM KERUKUNAN UMAT BERAGAMA (FKUB) KABUPATEN MALANG

HUMANIKA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Nashrul Wahyu Suryawan ◽  
Endang Danial
Keyword(s):  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Value Functions ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Diverse Society ◽  
Community Forum ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

The background of this research is the social diversity of Indonesian people. This situation causes conflicts among Indonesian people which need solutions to minimilize the effects of the conflict among the society. The study over the value of unification and harmony of the Religious Community Forum is one of the implementation of the unification spirit, the aspect of toleration, which needs to be spread out among the society. The goal of this research is to dig down how the Religious Community Forum works in  increasing the Malang multicultural society understanding over the value of unification. It is also to know how the Religious Community Forum increases the society toleration and the importance of unification among Malang society diversity.  Alt last but not least, the study over the unification value functions as a report of how the Religious Community Forum maintain the Indonesian people unification. This research use subjects of the Religious Community Forum members, religion leaders, government officers, and Malang people. The approach used in this research is qualitative with case study method. The data collection techniques used in this study are observation, interview, documentation, and participation. Meanwhile, the data is analyzed by using data reduction, data display, and verivication.The findings of this research are: 1) The activities done by the Religious Community Forum contain the unification value; the unification and harmony religious communities, conflicts and dialogues counseling, toleration, socialization over the government policy of the unification and harmony of diverse society; 2)The Religious Community Forum contains social aspects; the diversity value, toleration, pluralism, and the society unification,  which can be descended to the next generation; 3) The forum has some roles in maintaining and keeping the unification value of multicultural society through the activities applied in the society. Malang government supports and coordinates any institution works in society unification and harmony. The actions taken shows that the government are concerned on the unification of multicultural society. Thus, it can be concluded that the activities done by the Religious Community Forum of Malang contain the unification value

scholarly journals Governing populations through the humanitarian government of refugees: Biopolitical care and racism in the European refugee crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Mavelli
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
European Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThe notion of humanitarian government has been increasingly employed to describe the simultaneous and conflicting deployment of humanitarianism and security in the government of ‘precarious lives’ such as refugees. This article argues that humanitarian government shouldalsobe understood as the biopolitical government of host populationsthroughthe humanitarian government of refugees. In particular, it explores how the biopolitical governmentality of the UK decision to suspend search-and-rescue operations in the Mediterranean in 2014, and the British rejection and German welcoming of Syrian refugees primarily concern thebiologicalandemotionalcare of the British and German populations. To this end, the article analyses how dynamics of inclusion/exclusion of refugees have been informed by a biopolitical racism that redraws the boundary between ‘valuable’ (to be included) and ‘not valuable’ (to be excluded) lives according to the refugees’ capacity to enhance the biological and emotional well-being of host populations. This discussion aims to contribute to three interrelated fields of research – namely, humanitarian government, biopolitical governmentality, and responses to the European refugee crisis – by exploring how biopolitics has shaped the British and German responses to the crisis and how it encompasses more meanings and rationalities than currently recognised by existing scholarship on humanitarian government.

scholarly journals Dinamika Pedagang Kaki Lima Islam Di Tengah-Tengah Mayoritas Kristen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinto Hasiholan Hutapea
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Government

This paper examines the problem of the dynamics of living conditions of Muslim street vendors in the midst of a Christian majority community in Kupang city. Muslim street vendors in question is a seller of green bean porridge along the road El Tari Kupang city. The research findings show that the root of the problem experienced by Muslim street vendors is the social jealousy shown by the Christian street vendors who are also along the road of El Tari Kupang city. This social jealousy occurs because Christian street vendors see that Muslim street vendors are more successful and successful than they are. Social jealousy extends to racial, ethnic, and religious issues. So that affects the problem of tolerance and harmony of religious people. This research is qualitative. The method used is case study. Data were collected by using in-depth interview technique, observation, and literature study. The conclusion in this study is that Muslim street vendors who previously experienced anxiety and inconvenience in trade, now become comfortable and not experiencing conflict again. Problems and conflicts can be overcome when the government, religious leaders, and the community perform their role well in realizing the harmony and harmony of religious communities.

scholarly journals Primary community of modern ukrainian orthodox church as a form church of sociality

2014 ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Yu. Borejko
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
The Church

In the article Boreyko Yuri Grigorovich «Primary community of modern ukrainian orthodox church as a form church of sociality» set significance of the religious community as a social phenomenon and the parish as a center of the institutional structure of the church in shaping religious orthodox believers, the ratio of the parish and the community as a form of religious associations, the nature of the participation of the believers in the daily life of religious communities and their integration into the social relations within the parish and the community. 

scholarly journals TOLERANSI BERAGAMA PERSPEKTIF ISLAM DAN KONG HU CU

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Taslim HM Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
The Government

Islam is a universal religion that regulates all aspects of life, including teachings about religious harmony. Normatively, the Koran has included verses related to religious pluralism, multiculturalism and tolerance of religious life. Historically the Medina pajamas are historical witnesses that the Prophet laid the foundation and became an example in living a life of different religions and cultures. For Muslims in Indonesia the elimination of seven words in the Jakarta pajamas is a tangible form of inter-religious harmony shown by Muslims. Likewise with the Confucian religion, there are teachings that can lead its adherents to live in harmony with other religions, among the teachings or five noble characteristics of Wu Chang, which are seen as the concept of teachings that can create a harmonious life. The two religions generally maintain harmony with each other, but in particular there are often misunderstandings such as reality shows that there are not a few actions that deviate from the values of tolerance. The method in this discussion uses a library research (library research), with a qualitative approach. The results of this discussion illustrate that Islam and Confucianism positively support the existence of tolerance between religious communities and the government. Furthermore, religious tolerance has limits that must be maintained and respected, for example in the form of the social interests of the two teachings, while regarding the creed, both are not allowed to tolerate. The similarity of tolerance according to both is the harmony of life between religious communities, which is something that is mentioned in the Al-Quran and the book of Lun Yu. Like mutual respect, please help and be fair to every people. Meanwhile, what distinguishes religious tolerance is that Islam does not allow marriage to a non-Muslim, while Confucianism allows marriage to people of different religions

scholarly journals Strategi Pendidikan Toleransi Beragama dan Implikasinya terhadap Keutuhan NKRI di Bangka Belitung

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
Suparta Suparta
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tolerance Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

This article aims to review and describe the strategy of religious tolerance education and its impact on the integrity of the Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) in Bangka Belitung. In the Bangka Belitung Islands, the life of the people is very heterogeneous and has a high level of plurality. There are many portraits of the diversity of ethnicities, cultures, religions, ethnicities and languages ​​that are integrated into the social dynamics of the people in Bangka Belitung. Of course, this plurality has the potential to cause horizontal conflict in society. Therefore, to study and examine in depth this reality an in-depth interview technique is used to obtain clear information about the principles of religious tolerance from the perspective of Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism. As a result, there are three educational strategies that can be developed by religious communities in Bangka Belitung; first, the strategy of educating the internal religious community; second, the strategy of educating people to maintain harmony between fellow religious communities; and third, the strategy of educating people to maintain harmony with the government. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengulas dan memaparkan strategi pendidikan toleransi beragama dan dampaknya terhadap keutuhan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) di Bangka Belitung. Di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung kehidupan masyarakatnya sangat heterogen dan memiliki tingkat pluralitas yang tinggi. Ada banyak potret keragaman suku, budaya, agama, etnis, dan bahasa yang  menyatu dalam dinamika sosial masyarakat di Bangka Belitung. Tentu, pluralitas tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan konflik horizontal di tengah masyarakat. Oleh karena itu untuk mengkaji dan menelaah secara mendalam realitas tersebut digunakan teknik wawancara mendalam untuk mendapatkan informasi yang jelas mengenai prinsip toleransi beragama dalam perspektif agama Islam, Kristen, Budha, Hindu, dan Konghucu. Hasilnya, ada tiga strategi pendidikan yang dapat dikembangkan oleh umat beragama yang ada di Bangka Belitung; pertama, strategi mendidik dalam internal umat beragama; kedua, strategi mendidik umat untuk menjaga kerukunan antara sesama umat beragama; dan ketiga, strategi mendidik umat untuk menjaga kerukuan dengan pemerintah.

INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN AGENCIES AND IRAQI MIGRATION IN PRECONFLICT SYRIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Liberal Conception ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Time

AbstractDuring the Iraqi refugee crisis of 2007–10, international humanitarian organizations appeared for the first time in the Syrian domestic arena. These aid providers interpreted the position of Iraqi refugees in Syria according to a liberal conception of state–citizen relations that did not accord with the Syrian government's actual approach to Iraqis. Guided by this liberal frame, humanitarian organizations introduced biopolitical programs into the Syrian domestic context. Through new forms of population management, they solicited forms of behavior from Iraqis that were different from those required by Syrian state authorities. Drawing on the concept of biopower and using ethnographic material drawn from long-term research in Damascus in 2009–10, this article sheds light on an important political development in Syria shortly before the outbreak of social unrest and on the social changes that international humanitarian aid may transport.

Making Sense of Refugees Online: Perspective Taking, Political Imagination, and Internet Memes

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Petre Glăveanu ◽  
Constance de Saint-Laurent ◽  
Ioana Literat
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Political Imagination ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Core ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Social ◽  
European Refugee Crisis ◽  
Visual Artifacts

There are many dimensions to the ongoing European refugee crisis, including economic, political, and humanitarian. Underlying them, however, is the issue of self–other relations and, in particular, the ways in which Western societies imagine others and otherness, defined in cultural, religious, and political terms. At the core of this political imagination, we propose, are certain understandings of refugees, of how they think, feel, and intend to act. In this article, we aim to unpack the social and psychological mechanisms involved in taking the perspective of refugees on digital platforms. The focus here is on refugee-related memes shared on Reddit, and the conversations around these visual artifacts. Our findings indicate that participants in these forums most often construct the perspective of refugees from an outside position, based on a commitment to difference, and rarely try to identify with the situation of refugees.

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