scholarly journals Keeping salamanders off the streets: evaluating and modifying one of the first US amphibian road tunnels 30 years after installation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon P Hedrick ◽  
Abby Vander Linden ◽  
Samantha A Cordero ◽  
Edward Watt ◽  
Patrick M O’Roark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Substantial Decrease ◽  
Road Tunnels ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Usage Data

Abstract Wildlife tunnels are often installed under busy roads to help a variety of animals, from small frogs to bears, safely cross roads that bisect their habitats. One of the first roadway wildlife tunnel systems designed specifically for amphibian use in the USA was installed along Henry Street in Amherst, Massachusetts, in 1987 to protect spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum). These salamanders cross Henry Street during their annual migration to their breeding pools. In recent years, volunteers monitoring the site suggested that salamanders were no longer using the tunnels. To evaluate this concern, we conducted salamander counts in 2016, 2017 and 2018 to quantify tunnel use. In 2016, 11% of observed salamanders used the tunnels—a substantial decrease from 68% in 1988, 1 year after tunnel installation, when the tunnels were last evaluated. Following 2016, we implemented two tunnel modifications: adding a light to the far end of tunnels (2017) and placing a ramp at tunnel entrances to reduce balking (2018). However, salamander tunnel use was not increased significantly by either the light modification or the ramp modification. Previous studies have demonstrated that salamanders prefer minimum tunnel apertures of >0.4 m, so it is likely that the 0.2 m apertures at Henry Street are too small. While many studies have evaluated amphibian tunnel use in laboratory and field settings, ours was one of the first studies to examine tunnel usage data long after initial installation. These long-term data are critical for evaluating factors necessary for maintaining wildlife tunnel effectiveness over decades.

scholarly journals Keeping salamanders off the streets: Evaluating one of the first US amphibian road tunnels 30 years later

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon P. Hedrick ◽  
Abby Vander Linden ◽  
Samantha A. Cordero ◽  
Edward Watt ◽  
Patrick M. O’Roark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Road Tunnels ◽  
Long Time ◽  
One Year ◽  
Term Data

AbstractCulverts are often installed under busy roads to help a variety of animals, from small frogs to bears, safely cross roads that bisect their habitats. One of the first roadway culvert systems designed specifically for amphibian use in the United States was installed along Henry Street in Amherst, Massachusetts in 1987 to protect spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum). These salamanders cross Henry Street during their annual migration to their breeding pools. In recent years, anecdotal evidence from volunteers monitoring the site suggested that salamanders were no longer using the tunnels. To evaluate this concern we conducted salamander counts in 2016, 2017, and 2018 to quantify tunnel use. In 2016, only 11% of observed salamanders used the tunnels– a substantial decrease from 68% in 1988, one year after their installation, when the tunnels were last evaluated. Subsequently, we implemented two tunnel modifications in an effort to increase tunnel usage above the established 2016 baseline. Unfortunately, neither retrofit was successful. Previous studies have demonstrated that salamanders prefer minimum tunnel apertures of >0.4 m, so it is likely that the 0.2 m apertures here are inadequate. This may create differential light and humidity inside and outside the tunnels that is recognized by the salamanders. While many studies have evaluated amphibian tunnel use in lab and field settings, ours is one of the first studies to have examined tunnel usage data long after initial installation. These long-term data are critical for evaluating what factors are necessary for maintaining tunnels over decades-long time scales.

Sanctions of the USA and the Policy of Bank of Russia:double Blow to the National Economy

2014 ◽  
pp. 13-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Glazyev
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Capital Flight ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
The Us ◽  
Monetary Authorities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Simultaneous Adoption ◽  
The Eu

This article examines fundamental questions of monetary policy in the context of challenges to the national security of Russia in connection with the imposition of economic sanctions by the US and the EU. It is proved that the policy of the Russian monetary authorities, particularly the Central Bank, artificially limiting the money supply in the domestic market and pandering to the export of capital, compounds the effects of economic sanctions and plunges the economy into depression. The article presents practical advice on the transition from external to domestic sources of long-term credit with the simultaneous adoption of measures to prevent capital flight.

Hydrogeological responses in tropical mountainous springs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Term Data

This study presents a hydrogeochemical analysis of spring responses (2013-2017) in the tropical mountainous region of the Central Valley of Costa Rica. The isotopic distribution of δ18O and δ2H in rainfall resulted in a highly significant meteoric water line: δ2H = 7.93×δ18O + 10.37 (r2=0.97). Rainfall isotope composition exhibited a strong dependent seasonality. The isotopic variation (δ18O) of two springs within the Barva aquifer was simulated using the FlowPC program to determine mean transit times (MTTs). Exponential-piston and dispersion distribution functions provided the best-fit to the observed isotopic composition at Flores and Sacramento springs, respectively. MTTs corresponded to 1.23±0.03 (Sacramento) and 1.42±0.04 (Flores) years. The greater MTT was represented by a homogeneous geochemical composition at Flores, whereas the smaller MTT at Sacramento is reflected in a more variable geochemical response. The results may be used to enhance modelling efforts in central Costa Rica, whereby scarcity of long-term data limits water resources management plans.

Morphometric studies of artemia males from different populations of the Altai region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
L. Vesnina ◽  
G. Lukerina ◽  
T. Ronzhina ◽  
A. Savos’kin ◽  
D. Surkov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Hydrogen Index ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Sexual Structure ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Artemia Population ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Brine Salinity

The long-term data from morphometric studies of Artemia males from bisexual and parthenogenetic populations from hyperhaline reservoirs of the Altai region (Bolshoe Yarovoe Lake, Maloe Shklo Lake, and the Tanatar Lakes system) is analyzed in this paper. The description of signs of sexual dimorphism and sexual structure in different populations is given. The influence of brine salinity and hydrogen index on morphometric parameters of males was analyzed. There are differences in the sexual structure of the Artemia population: in the lakes Maloe Shklo and the thanatar system, the populations are bisexual (the share of males is 28.5 — 75.0 %), in the lake Bolshoe yarovoe — parthenogenetic (the share of males on average does not exceed 3 %). At the same time, sexual dimorphism is typical for both types of populations: females are larger than males, males have a larger head (the distance between the eyes is greater by 15.5 %, the diameter of the eye is 26.1 %, the length of the antenna is 22.3 %) and a larger number of bristles (36.1 %). The greatest variability is observed in the parameters of the Furka structure associated with the salinity of water by feedback and the pH — line indicator. Significant differences between the samples of males were revealed. The largest number of significant differences in morphometric indicators was found between samples of males from bisexual populations (lake thanatar and lake Maloe Shklo), the smallest — between males from the parthenogenetic population of lake Bolshoe yarovoe and males from lake Maloe Shklo.

scholarly journals Responses of Vertebrate Wildlife to Oil and Natural Gas Development: Patterns and Frontiers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Chalfoun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Natural Gas Development ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

Abstract Purpose of Review Anthropogenic activities can lead to the loss, fragmentation, and alteration of wildlife habitats. I reviewed the recent literature (2014–2019) focused on the responses of avian, mammalian, and herpetofaunal species to oil and natural gas development, a widespread and still-expanding land use worldwide. My primary goals were to identify any generalities in species’ responses to development and summarize remaining gaps in knowledge. To do so, I evaluated the directionality of a wide variety of responses in relation to taxon, location, development type, development metric, habitat type, and spatiotemporal aspects. Recent Findings Studies (n = 70) were restricted to the USA and Canada, and taxonomically biased towards birds and mammals. Longer studies, but not those incorporating multiple spatial scales, were more likely to detect significant responses. Negative responses of all types were present in relatively low frequencies across all taxa, locations, development types, and development metrics but were context-dependent. The directionality of responses by the same species often varied across studies or development metrics. Summary The state of knowledge about wildlife responses to oil and natural gas development has developed considerably, though many biases and gaps remain. Studies outside of North America and that focus on herpetofauna are lacking. Tests of mechanistic hypotheses for effects, long-term studies, assessment of response thresholds, and experimental designs that isolate the effects of different stimuli associated with development, remain critical. Moreover, tests of the efficacy of habitat mitigation efforts have been rare. Finally, investigations of the demographic effects of development across the full annual cycle were absent for non-game species and are critical for the estimation of population-level effects.

Diel, lunar and seasonal vertical migration in the deep western Gulf of Mexico evidenced from a long-term data series of acoustic backscatter

2021 ◽  
pp. 102562
Author(s):  
Laura Ursella ◽  
Sara Pensieri ◽  
Enric Pallàs-Sanz ◽  
Sharon Z. Herzka ◽  
Roberto Bozzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Acoustic Backscatter ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Term Data

scholarly journals Person-Centered Health Care: An Approach That Integrates Acute and Long-Term Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 704-704
Author(s):  
Yuchi Young ◽  
Barbara Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Population ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Aged Society

Abstract The world population is aging. The proportion of the population over 60 will nearly double from 12% in 2015 to 22% in 2050. Global life expectancy has more than doubled from 31 years in 1900 to 72.6 years in 2019. The need for long-term care (LTC) services is expanding with the same rapidity. A comprehensive response is needed to address the needs of older adults. Learning from health systems in other countries enables health systems to incorporate best long-term care practices to fit each country and its culture. This symposium aims to compare long-term care policies and services in Taiwan, Singapore, and the USA where significant growth in aging populations is evidenced. In 2025, the aging population will be 20% in Taiwan, 20% in Singapore and 18 % in the USA. In the case of Taiwan, it has moved from aging society status to aged society, and to super-aged society in 27 years. Such accelerated rate of aging in Taiwan is unparalleled when compared to European countries and the United States. In response to this dramatic change, Taiwan has passed long-term care legislation that expands services to care for older adults, and developed person-centered health care that integrates acute and long-term care services. Some preliminary results related to access, care and patterns of utilization will be shared in the symposium. International Comparisons of Healthy Aging Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.

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