Pu-miR172d regulates stomatal density and water use efficiency via targeting PuGTL1 in poplar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quangang Liu ◽  
Zhanchao Wang ◽  
Sen Yu ◽  
Wenlong Li ◽  
Mengqiu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Gus Reporter ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Major Target

Abstract miRNAs play essential regulatory roles in many aspects of plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic environments. Here, we characterized Pu-miR172d, which acts as a negative regulator of stomatal density by directly repressing the expression of PuGTL1 in Populus ussuriensis. quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and GUS reporter analyses showed that Pu-miR172d was strongly expressed in the guard cells of young leaves. Pu-miR172d overexpression significantly decreased stomatal density, resulting in the increase of WUE and drought tolerance by reducing net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration. Molecular analysis showed that PuGTL1 was a major target of Pu-miR172d cleavage. Moreover, PuGTL1-SRDX plants, in which PuGTL1 is suppressed, phenocopied Pu-miR172d overexpression lines with reduced stomatal density and enhanced WUE. In addition, the expression level of PuSDD1, a negative regulator of stomatal development, was significantly increased in young leaves of both Pu-miR172d overexpression and PuGTL1-SRDX plants. RNA-seq analysis of mature leaves revealed that Pu-miR172d overexpression decreased the expression of many genes related to photosynthesis. Our findings show that the Pu-miR172d/PuGTL1/PuSDD1 module plays an important role in stomatal differentiation, indicating its ability to improve the engineering of drought tolerance in poplar.

scholarly journals Overexpression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene from Caragana korshinskii decreases stomatal density and enhances drought tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiyan Lu ◽  
Xinjuan Luo ◽  
Chunmei Gong ◽  
Juan Bai
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Endogenous Expression ◽  
Caragana Korshinskii ◽  
Glutamylcysteine Synthetase

Abstract Background Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis and plays a key role in plant stress responses. In this study, the endogenous expression of the Caragana korshinskiiγ-ECS (Ckγ-ECS) gene was induced by PEG 6000-mediated drought stress in the leaves of C. korshinskii. and the Ckγ-ECS overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants was constructed using the C. korshinskii. isolated γ-ECS. Results Compared with the wildtype, the Ckγ-ECS overexpressing plants enhanced the γ-ECS activity, reduced the stomatal density and aperture sizes; they also had higher relative water content, lower water loss, and lower malondialdehyde content. At the same time, the mRNA expression of stomatal development-related gene EPF1 was increased and FAMA and STOMAGEN were decreased. Besides, the expression of auxin-relative signaling genes AXR3 and ARF5 were upregulated. Conclusions These changes suggest that transgenic Arabidopsis improved drought tolerance, and Ckγ-ECS may act as a negative regulator in stomatal development by regulating the mRNA expression of EPF1 and STOMAGEN through auxin signaling.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis MADS-box factor AGL16 negatively regulates drought resistance via stomatal density and stomatal movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (19) ◽  
pp. 6092-6106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Xia Zhao ◽  
Zi-Qing Miao ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Si-Yan Chen ◽  
Qian-Qian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Aba Metabolism

Abstract Drought is one of the most important environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity. The molecular mechanisms underlying plant drought resistance are complex and not yet fully understood. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis MADS-box transcription factor AGL16 acts as a negative regulator in drought resistance by regulating stomatal density and movement. Loss-of-AGL16 mutants were more resistant to drought stress and had higher relative water content, which was attributed to lower leaf stomatal density and more sensitive stomatal closure due to higher leaf ABA levels compared with the wild type. AGL16-overexpressing lines displayed the opposite phenotypes. AGL16 is preferentially expressed in guard cells and down-regulated in response to drought stress. The expression of CYP707A3 and AAO3 in ABA metabolism and SDD1 in stomatal development was altered in agl16 and overexpression lines, making them potential targets of AGL16. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, transient transactivation, yeast one-hybrid, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we demonstrated that AGL16 was able to bind the CArG motifs in the promoters of the CYP707A3, AAO3, and SDD1 and regulate their transcription, leading to altered leaf stomatal density and ABA levels. Taking our findings together, AGL16 acts as a negative regulator of drought resistance by modulating leaf stomatal density and ABA accumulation.

Stomatal Development During Leaf Expansion in Tobacco and Sunflower

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Rawson ◽  
CL Craven
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Unit Leaf Area ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Different Levels

Changes in stomatal density and size were followed in tobacco and sunflower leaves expanding from 10% of final area (10% Amax) to Amax under different levels of radiation. Lower radiation increased final leaf area, reduced stomatal densities, and increased area per stoma but had little effect on stomatal area per unit leaf area at Amax. In very young leaves (20% Amax) there was a wide range in the sizes of individual stomata, some stomata being close to full size, but by Amax differences were small. The possible relationship between the developmental patterns described and photosynthesis is briefly discussed.

The transcription factor ZmNAC49 reduces stomatal density and improves drought tolerance in maize

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xiang ◽  
Xiujuan Sun ◽  
Xiangli Bian ◽  
Tianhui Wei ◽  
Tong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Growth Development

Abstract Drought stress severely limits the growth, development, and productivity of crops, and therefore understanding the mechanisms by which plants respond to drought is crucial. In this study, we cloned a maize NAC transcription factor, ZmNAC49, and identified its function in response to drought stress. We found that ZmNAC49 is localized in the nucleus and has transcriptional activation activity. ZmNAC49 expression is rapidly and strongly induced by drought stress, and overexpression enhances stress tolerance in maize. Overexpression also significant decreases the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and stomatal density in maize. Detailed study showed that ZmNAC49 overexpression affects the expression of genes related to stomatal development, namely ZmTMM, ZmSDD1, ZmMUTE, and ZmFAMA. In addition, we found that ZmNAC49 can directly bind to the promoter of ZmMUTE and suppress its expression. Taken together, our results show that the transcription factor ZmNAC49 represses ZmMUTE expression, reduces stomatal density, and thereby enhances drought tolerance in maize.

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis GTL1 Transcription Factor Regulates Water Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance by Modulating Stomatal Density via Transrepression of SDD1

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 4128-4141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Yul Yoo ◽  
Heather E. Pence ◽  
Jing Bo Jin ◽  
Kenji Miura ◽  
Michael J. Gosney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Emerging Molecular Strategies for Improving Rice Drought Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitender Giri ◽  
Swarup K. Parida ◽  
Saurabh Raghuvanshi ◽  
Akhilesh K. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
The World ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract:: Rice occupies a pre-eminent position as a food crop in the world. Its production, however, entails up to 3000 liters of water per kilogram of grain produced. Such high demand makes rice prone to drought easily. Sustainable rice cultivation with limited water resources requires the deployment of a suitable strategy for better water use efficiency and improved drought tolerance. Several drought-related genes have been evaluated in rice for their mode of action in conferring drought tolerance. Manipulation of components of abscisic acid signal transduction, stomatal density, deposition of cuticular wax, and protein modification pathways are emerging as priority targets. Gene reprogramming by microRNAs is also being explored to achieve drought tolerance. Genetically dissected Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and their constituent genes are being deployed to develop drought-tolerant rice varieties. Progressive research and challenges include a better understanding of crucial components of drought response and search for new targets, along with the deployment of improved varieties in the field.

scholarly journals The Receptor-Like Kinase ERECTA Confers Improved Water Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance to Poplar via Modulating Stomatal Density

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7245
Author(s):  
Huiguang Li ◽  
Yanli Yang ◽  
Houling Wang ◽  
Sha Liu ◽  
Fuli Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Use Efficiency

Poplar is one of the most important tree species in the north temperate zone, but poplar plantations are quite water intensive. We report here that CaMV 35S promoter-driven overexpression of the PdERECTA gene, which is a member of the LRR-RLKs family from Populus nigra × (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra), improves water use efficiency and enhances drought tolerance in triploid white poplar. PdERECTA localizes to the plasma membrane. Overexpression plants showed lower stomatal density and larger stomatal size. The abaxial stomatal density was 24–34% lower and the stomatal size was 12–14% larger in overexpression lines. Reduced stomatal density led to a sharp restriction of transpiration, which was about 18–35% lower than the control line, and instantaneous water use efficiency was around 14–63% higher in overexpression lines under different conditions. These phenotypic changes led to increased drought tolerance. PdERECTA overexpression plants not only survived longer after stopping watering but also performed better when supplied with limited water, as they had better physical and photosynthesis conditions, faster growth rate, and higher biomass accumulation. Taken together, our data suggest that PdERECTA can alter the development pattern of stomata to reduce stomatal density, which then restricts water consumption, conferring enhanced drought tolerance to poplar. This makes PdERECTA trees promising candidates for establishing more water use efficient plantations.

scholarly journals MADS-box factor AGL16 negatively regulates drought resistance via stomatal density and stomatal movement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Xia Zhao ◽  
Zi-Qing Miao ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Qian-Qian Liu ◽  
Cheng-Bin Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Research Attention

ABSTRACTDrought is one of the most severe environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity. Plants respond to drought by closing stomata to reduce water loss. The molecular mechanisms underlying plant drought resistance are very complex and yet to be fully understood. While much research attention has been focused on the positive regulation of stomatal closure, less is known about its negative regulation, equally important in this reversible process. Here we show that the MADS-box transcriptional factor AGL16 acts as a negative regulator in drought resistance by regulating both stomatal density and movement. Loss-of-function mutantagl16was more resistant to drought stress with higher relative water content, which was attributed to a reduced leaf stomatal density and more sensitive stomatal closure due to a higher leaf ABA level compared with wild type, whileAGL16overexpression lines displayed the opposite phenotypes.AGL16is preferentially expressed in guard cells and down regulated in response to drought stress. The expression ofCYP707A3andAAO3in ABA metabolism andSDD1in stomatal development was altered by AGL16 as shown inagl16and overexpression lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, transient transactivation, and yeast-one-hybrid assays demonstrated that AGL16 bound the CArG motif in the promoter of theCYP707A3,AAO3, andSDD1to regulate their transcription, and therefore alter leaf stomatal density and ABA level. Taken together, AGL16 acts as a negative regulator of drought resistance by modulating leaf stomatal density and ABA accumulation.

scholarly journals The SPEECHLESS-induced stomatal increase is required for the salt tolerance of oil palm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuojun Song ◽  
Le Wang ◽  
Chong Cheong Lai ◽  
Zituo Yang ◽  
May Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Oil palm is the most productive oil producing plant. Salt stress leads to growth damage and decrease in yield of oil palm. However, the physiological responses of oil palm to salt stress and their underlying mechanisms are not clear. RNA-Seq for leaf samples from young palms challenged under three levels of salts (100, 250 and 500 mM NaCl) and control for 14 days was conducted. Diverse signalling pathways were involved in responses to different levels of salt stress. All the three levels of salt stress activated EgSPCH expression and induced stomatal density of oil palm, which was contrasting to that in Arabidopsis. Under strong salt stress group, oil palm removed excessive salt via stomata. Overexpression of EgSPCH in Arabidopsis increased the stomatal production but lowered the salt tolerance. These data suggest that in oil palm, salt activates EgSPCH to generate more stomata in response to salt stress. Our results shed a light on the cellular response to salt stress of oil palm and provide new insights into the mechanisms of different salt-induced stomatal development between halophytes and glycophytes.

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