Tomato Protein Phosphatase 2C (SlPP2C3) influences fruit ripening onset and fruit glossiness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liang ◽  
Yufei Sun ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Wenbo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epidermis Structure

Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in coordinating physiological processes during fresh fruit ripening. Binding of ABA to receptors facilitates the interaction and inhibition of type 2C phosphatase (PP2C) co-receptors. However, the exact mechanism of PP2C during fruit ripening is unclear. In this study, we determined the role of tomato ABA co-receptor type 2C phosphatase SlPP2C3, a negative regulator of ABA signalling and fruit ripening. SlPP2C3 selectively interacted with monomeric ABA receptors and SlSnRK2.8 kinase in both yeast and tobacco epidermal cells. Expression of SlPP2C3 was ABA-inducible, which was negatively correlated with fruit ripening. Tomato plants with suppressed SlPP2C3 expression exhibited enhanced sensitivity to ABA, while plants over-expressing SlPP2C3 were less sensitive to ABA. Importantly, lack of SlPP2C3 expression accelerated fruit ripening onset and affected fruit glossiness by altering the outer epidermis structure. There was a significant difference in expression of cuticle-related genes in pericarp between wild-type and SlPP2C3 suppressed lines based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that SlPP2C3 plays an important role in the regulation of fruit ripening and fruit glossiness in tomato.

scholarly journals Tomato Protein Phosphatase 2C (SlPP2C3) negatively regulates fruit ripening onset and fruit gloss

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liang ◽  
Yufei Sun ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Wenbo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
Aba Receptors

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in coordinating physiological processes during fresh fruit ripening. ABA can bind to ABA receptors which interacts and inhibits their co-receptors type 2C phosphatases (PP2Cs). However, the dissected mechanism of PP2C during fruit ripening is unclear. In this study, we identify the role of SlPP2C3, a tomato type 2C phosphatase, as a negative regulator of ABA signaling and fruit ripening. SlPP2C3 selectively interacted with monomeric ABA receptors and SlSnRK2.8 kinase in both yeast and tobacco epidermal cells. Expressions of SlPP2C3 were observed in all tissues, and it negatively correlated with the fruit ripening which was induced by exogenous ABA. Tomato plants with suppressed SlPP2C3 expression exhibited enhanced sensitivity to ABA, while SlPP2C3 over-expressed plants were less sensitive to ABA. Meaningfully, lack of SlPP2C3 expression causes the acceleration of fruit ripening onset via the alternation of ABA signaling activity, and the fruit gloss is affected by the changes of outer epidermis structure. RNA-seq analysis found significant different expression of cuticle-related genes in pericarp between wild-type and SlPP2C3 suppressed lines. Taken together, our finding demonstrate that SlPP2C3 plays an important role in the regulation of fruit ripening and fruit appearance quality in tomato.

scholarly journals The role of TGF-β2 in cartilage development and diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 474-487
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Duan ◽  
Qingxuan Wang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Cartilage Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cartilage Diseases ◽  
Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Tgf Β1

Transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2) is recognized as a versatile cytokine that plays a vital role in regulation of joint development, homeostasis, and diseases, but its role as a biological mechanism is understood far less than that of its counterpart, TGF-β1. Cartilage as a load-resisting structure in vertebrates however displays a fragile performance when any tissue disturbance occurs, due to its lack of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics. Recent reports have indicated that TGF-β2 is involved in the physiological processes of chondrocytes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis, and the pathological progress of cartilage such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). TGF-β2 also shows its potent capacity in the repair of cartilage defects by recruiting autologous mesenchymal stem cells and promoting secretion of other growth factor clusters. In addition, some pioneering studies have already considered it as a potential target in the treatment of OA and RA. This article aims to summarize the current progress of TGF-β2 in cartilage development and diseases, which might provide new cues for remodelling of cartilage defect and intervention of cartilage diseases.

scholarly journals The critical role of Krüppel-like factors in kidney disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (2) ◽  
pp. F259-F265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. Mallipattu ◽  
Chelsea C. Estrada ◽  
John C. He
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Barrier ◽  
Kidney Fibrosis ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Filtration Barrier ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mammalian Embryonic Development

Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of zinc-finger transcription factors critical to mammalian embryonic development, regeneration, and human disease. There is emerging evidence that KLFs play a vital role in key physiological processes in the kidney, ranging from maintenance of glomerular filtration barrier to tubulointerstitial inflammation to progression of kidney fibrosis. Seventeen members of the KLF family have been identified, and several have been well characterized in the kidney. Although they may share some overlap in their downstream targets, their structure and function remain distinct. This review highlights our current knowledge of KLFs in the kidney, which includes their pattern of expression and their function in regulating key biological processes. We will also critically examine the currently available literature on KLFs in the kidney and offer some key areas in need of further investigation.

scholarly journals Exosomes: A Novel Therapeutic Paradigm for Treatment of Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shvetank Bhatt ◽  
Jovita Kanoujia ◽  
Arghya Kusum Dhar ◽  
Surendar Arumugam ◽  
Amanda K. A. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) of endocytic origin are known as exosomes. These vesicles are released by cells and are accessible in biofluids, such as saliva, urine, and plasma. These vesicles are made up of small RNA, DNA, proteins and play a vital role in many physiological processes. In central nervous system (CNS), they participate in various physiological processes such as stress of nerve cells, communication between the cells, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. The role of exosomes in depression needs to be explored further. It is known that exosomes can cross blood brain barrier (BBB), which is made up of glial cells astrocytes. One of the advantages of these vescicles is that they are able to transfer macromolecules like DNA, protein, mRNAs and miRNAs to recipient cells. This review focuses on the potential role of exosomes in de-pression and their utilization as atreatmentoption or diagnostic tool of depression.

scholarly journals The Role of Ca2 + in Maturation and Reprogramming of Bovine Oocytes: A System Study of Low-Calcium Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Meng ◽  
Hongmei Hu ◽  
Zhiqiang Liu ◽  
Luyao Zhang ◽  
Qingrui Zhuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
First Polar Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

[Ca2+]i is essential for mammalian oocyte maturation and early embryonic development, as those processes are Ca2+ dependent. In the present study, we investigated the effect of [Ca2+]i on in vitro maturation and reprogramming of oocytes in a lower calcium model of oocyte at metaphase II (MII) stage, which was established by adding cell-permeant Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM to the maturation medium. Results showed that the extrusion of the first polar body (PB1) was delayed, and oocyte cytoplasmic maturation, including mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum distribution, was impaired in lower calcium model. The low-calcium-model oocytes presented a poor developmental phenotype of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos at the beginning of activation of zygotic genome. At the same time, oxidative stress and apoptosis were observed in the low-calcium-model oocytes; subsequently, an RNA-seq analysis of the lower-calcium-model oocytes screened 24 genes responsible for the poor oocyte reprogramming, and six genes (ID1, SOX2, DPPA3, ASF1A, MSL3, and KDM6B) were identified by quantitative PCR. Analyzing the expression of these genes is helpful to elucidate the mechanisms of [Ca2+]i regulating oocyte reprogramming. The most significant difference gene in this enriched item was ID1. Our results showed that the low calcium might give rise to oxidative stress and apoptosis, resulting in impaired maturation of bovine oocytes and possibly affecting subsequent reprogramming ability through the reduction of ID1.

Estrogen regulation of the molecular phenotype and active translatome of AVPV kisspeptin neurons

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon B Z Stephens ◽  
Alexander S Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Molecular Phenotype ◽  
Estrogen Regulation ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Estrogen Effects

Abstract In females, ovarian estradiol (E2) exerts both negative and positive feedback regulation on the neural circuits governing reproductive hormone secretion, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this remain poorly understood. In rodents, ERα-expressing kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular region (AVPV) are prime candidates to mediate E2 positive feedback induction of preovulatory GnRH and LH surges. E2 stimulates AVPV Kiss1 expression, but the full extent of estrogen effects in these neurons is unknown; whether E2 stimulates or inhibits other genes in AVPV Kiss1 cells has not been determined. Indeed, understanding of the function(s) of AVPV kisspeptin cells is limited, in part, by minimal knowledge of their overall molecular phenotype, as only a few genes are currently known to be co-expressed in AVPV Kiss1 cells. To provide a more detailed profiling of co-expressed genes in AVPV Kiss1 cells, including receptors and other signaling factors, and test how these genes respond to E2, we selectively isolated actively-translated mRNAs from AVPV Kiss1 cells of female mice and performed RNA-Seq. This identified >13,000 mRNAs co-expressed in AVPV Kiss1 cells, including multiple receptor and ligand transcripts positively or negatively regulated by E2. We also performed RNAscope to validate high co-expression of several transcripts identified by RNA-Seq, including Pdyn (prodynorphin), Penk (proenkephalin), Vgf (VGF), and Cartpt (CART), in female AVPV Kiss1 cells. Given the important role of AVPV kisspeptin cells in positive feedback, E2 effects on identified genes may relate to the LH surge mechanism and/or other physiological processes involving these AVPV kisspeptin cells.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Profiling Unravels a Vital Role of Pectin and Pectinase in Anther Dehiscence in Chrysanthemum

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5865
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Ze Wu ◽  
Huijun Wu ◽  
Weimin Fang ◽  
Fadi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Transient Overexpression ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) Kitamura) plants have great ornamental value, but their flowers can also be a source of pollen contamination. Previously, morphological and cytological studies have shown that anthers of some chrysanthemum cultivars such as ‘Qx-115′ fail to dehisce, although the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of anther indehiscence in chrysanthemum via transcriptome analysis of a dehiscent cultivar (‘Qx-097′) and an indehiscent cultivar (‘Qx-115′). We also measured related physiological indicators during and preceding the period of anther dehiscence. Our results showed a difference in pectinase accumulation and activity between the two cultivars during dehiscence. Detection of de-esterified pectin and highly esterified pectin in anthers during the period preceding anther dehiscence using LM19 and LM20 monoclonal antibodies showed that both forms of pectin were absent in the stomium region of ‘Qx-097′ anthers but were abundant in that of ‘Qx-115′ anthers. Analysis of transcriptome data revealed a significant difference in the expression levels of two transcription factor-encoding genes, CmLOB27 and CmERF72, between ‘Qx-097′ and ‘Qx-115′ during anther development. Transient overexpression of CmLOB27 and CmERF72 separately in tobacco leaves promoted pectinase biosynthesis. We conclude that CmLOB27 and CmERF72 are involved in the synthesis of pectinase, which promotes the degradation of pectin. Our results lay a foundation for further investigation of the role of CmLOB27 and CmERF72 transcription factors in the process of anther dehiscence in chrysanthemum.

scholarly journals SRSF9 Regulates Cassette Exon Splicing of Caspase-2 by Interacting with Its Downstream Exon

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Jiyeon Ha ◽  
Hana Jang ◽  
Namjeong Choi ◽  
Jagyeong Oh ◽  
Chanhyuk Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Cassette Exon ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Mrna Isoforms ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Exon Splicing ◽  
Exon 9 ◽  
Caspase 2 ◽  
Exon 10

Alternative splicing (AS) is an important posttranscriptional regulatory process. Damaged or unnecessary cells need to be removed though apoptosis to maintain physiological processes. Caspase-2 pre-mRNA produces pro-apoptotic long mRNA and anti-apoptotic short mRNA isoforms through AS. How AS of Caspase-2 is regulated remains unclear. In the present study, we identified a novel regulatory protein SRSF9 for AS of Caspase-2 cassette exon 9. Knock-down (KD) of SRSF9 increased inclusion of cassette exon and on the other hand, overexpression of SRSF9 decreased inclusion of this exon. Deletion mutagenesis demonstrated that exon 9, parts of intron 9, exon 8 and exon 10 were not required for the role of SRSF9 in Caspase-2 AS. However, deletion and substitution mutation analysis revealed that AGGAG sequence located at exon 10 provided functional target for SRSF9. In addition, RNA-pulldown mediated immunoblotting analysis showed that SRSF9 interacted with this sequence. Gene ontology analysis of RNA-seq from SRSF9 KD cells demonstrates that SRSF9 could regulate AS of a subset of apoptosis related genes. Collectively, our results reveal a basis for regulation of Caspase-2 AS.

scholarly journals Mitophagy in carcinogenesis, drug resistance and anticancer therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Guan ◽  
Yifei Wang ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Kai Shen ◽  
Quanfu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Anticancer Therapeutics

AbstractThe mitochondrion is an organelle that plays a vital role in energy production, cytoplasmic protein degradation and cell death. Mitophagy is an autophagic procedure that specifically clears damaged mitochondria and maintains its homeostasis. Emerging evidence indicates that mitophagy is involved in many physiological processes, including cellular homeostasis, cellular differentiation and nerve protection. In this review, we describe the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy in mammals and yeasts and highlight the recent advances relevant to its function in carcinogenesis and drug resistance. Finally, a section has been dedicated to describing the role of mitophagy in anticancer therapeutics, which is a new frontier that offers a precise and promising strategy.

scholarly journals Rora regulates activated T helper cells during inflammation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liora Haim-Vilmovsky ◽  
Johan Henriksson ◽  
Jennifer A Walker ◽  
Zhichao Miao ◽  
Eviatar Natan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Infection Models

AbstractThe transcription factor Rora has been shown to be important for the development of ILC2 and the regulation of ILC3, macrophages and Treg cells. Here we investigate the role of Rora across CD4+ T cells, both in vitro as well as in the context of several in vivo type 2 infection models. We dissect the function of Rora using overexpression and a CD4-conditional Rora-knockout mouse, as well as a RORA-reporter mouse. We establish the importance of Rora in CD4+ T cells for controlling lung inflammation induced by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection, and have measured the effect on downstream genes using RNA-seq. Using a systematic stimulation screen of CD4+ T cells, coupled with RNA-seq, we identify upstream regulators of Rora, most importantly IL-33 and CCL7. Our data suggest that Rora is a negative regulator of the immune system, possibly through several downstream pathways, and is under control of the local microenvironment.

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