Orchestration of plant development and defense by indirect crosstalk of SA and BR signaling through a transcription factor GhTINY2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-hua Xiao ◽  
Qin Hu ◽  
Xiao-jun Zhang ◽  
Huan Si ◽  
Shi-ming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Ethylene Responsive Factor ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Dreb Transcription Factors ◽  
Sa Signaling

Abstract Salicylic acid (SA) and brassinosteroids (BRs) are well known to regulate diverse processes of plant development and stress responses, but the mechanisms by which these phytohormones mediate the growth-defense trade-off is largely unclear. In addition, little is known about the roles of DEHYDRATION RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING (DREB) transcription factors, especially in biotic stress and plant growth. Here, we identified a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) gene GhTINY2 which is strongly induced by Verticillium dahliae. Overexpression of GhTINY2 in cotton and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) enhanced tolerance to V. dahliae, while knockdown of GhTINY2 expression increased cotton susceptibility to the pathogen. By directly activating WRKY51 expression, GhTINY2 promoted SA accumulation and SA signaling transduction. Moreover, GhTINY2-overexpressing cotton and Arabidopsis showed growth retardation, increased sensitivity to inhibitors of BR biosynthesis and downregulation of several BR-induced genes and upregulation of BR-repressed genes, while GhTINY2-RNAi cotton showed the opposite results. We further demonstrate that GhTINY2 negatively regulates BR signaling by interacting with BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and restraining its transcriptional activation of the expression of INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE 19 (IAA19). These findings indicate that GhTINY2 fine-tunes the immunity-growth trade-off via an indirect crosstalk between WRKY51-mediated SA biosynthesis and BZR1-IAA19-regulated BR signaling.

scholarly journals Hypusination, a Metabolic Posttranslational Modification of eIF5A in Plants during Development and Environmental Stress Responses

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
Péter Pálfi ◽  
László Bakacsy ◽  
Henrietta Kovács ◽  
Ágnes Szepesi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Posttranslational Modification ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Deoxyhypusine Synthase ◽  
Deoxyhypusine Hydroxylase ◽  
Eukaryotic Translation

Hypusination is a unique posttranslational modification of eIF5A, a eukaryotic translation factor. Hypusine is a rare amino acid synthesized in this process and is mediated by two enzymes, deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). Despite the essential participation of this conserved eIF5A protein in plant development and stress responses, our knowledge of its proper function is limited. In this review, we demonstrate the main findings regarding how eIF5A and hypusination could contribute to plant-specific responses in growth and stress-related processes. Our aim is to briefly discuss the plant-specific details of hypusination and decipher those signal pathways which can be effectively modified by this process. The diverse functions of eIF5A isoforms are also discussed in this review.

scholarly journals In situ characterisation of phytohormones from wounded Arabidopsis leaves using desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry imaging

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Asta Žukauskaitė ◽  
Ivan Petřík ◽  
Aleš Pěnčík ◽  
Martin Hönig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Imaging ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Ionisation Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Endogenous Regulators ◽  
Ionisation Mass

Phytohormones (plant hormones) are a group of small signalling molecules that act as important endogenous regulators in the plant development and stress responses. Previous research has identified phytohormone species, jasmonates,...

scholarly journals Genome-wide in silico identification and expression analysis of beta-galactosidase family members in sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuyun Hou ◽  
Taifeng Du ◽  
Zhen Qin ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Aixian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Biotic Stresses

Abstract Background Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) serves as an important food source for human beings. β-galactosidase (bgal) is a glycosyl hydrolase involved in cell wall modification, which plays essential roles in plant development and environmental stress adaptation. However, the function of bgal genes in sweetpotato remains unclear. Results In this study, 17 β-galactosidase genes (Ibbgal) were identified in sweetpotato, which were classified into seven subfamilies using interspecific phylogenetic and comparative analysis. The promoter regions of Ibbgals harbored several stress, hormone and light responsive cis-acting elements. Quantitative real-time PCR results displayed that Ibbgal genes had the distinct expression patterns across different tissues and varieties. Moreover, the expression profiles under various hormonal treatments, abiotic and biotic stresses were highly divergent in leaves and root. Conclusions Taken together, these findings suggested that Ibbgals might play an important role in plant development and stress responses, which provided evidences for further study of bgal function and sweetpotato breeding.

scholarly journals Contrasting roles of GmNAC065 and GmNAC085 in natural senescence, plant development, multiple stresses and cell death responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Paes Melo ◽  
Isabela Tristan Lourenço-Tessutti ◽  
Otto Teixeira Fraga ◽  
Luanna Bezerra Pinheiro ◽  
Camila Barrozo de Jesus Lins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Lower Stress ◽  
Multiple Stresses ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Stress Dependent ◽  
Senescence Associated Genes

AbstractNACs are plant-specific transcription factors involved in controlling plant development, stress responses, and senescence. As senescence-associated genes (SAGs), NACs integrate age- and stress-dependent pathways that converge to programmed cell death (PCD). In Arabidopsis, NAC-SAGs belong to well-characterized regulatory networks, poorly understood in soybean. Here, we interrogated the soybean genome and provided a comprehensive analysis of senescence-associated Glycine max (Gm) NACs. To functionally examine GmNAC-SAGs, we selected GmNAC065, a putative ortholog of Arabidopsis ANAC083/VNI2 SAG, and the cell death-promoting GmNAC085, an ANAC072 SAG putative ortholog, for analyses. Expression analysis of GmNAC065 and GmNAC085 in soybean demonstrated (i) these cell death-promoting GmNACs display contrasting expression changes during age- and stress-induced senescence; (ii) they are co-expressed with functionally different gene sets involved in stress and PCD, and (iii) are differentially induced by PCD inducers. Furthermore, we demonstrated GmNAC065 expression delays senescence in Arabidopsis, a phenotype associated with enhanced oxidative performance under multiple stresses, higher chlorophyll, carotenoid and sugar contents, and lower stress-induced PCD compared to wild-type. In contrast, GmNAC085 accelerated stress-induced senescence, causing enhanced chlorophyll loss, ROS accumulation and cell death, decreased antioxidative system expression and activity. Accordingly, GmNAC065 and GmNAC085 targeted functionally contrasting sets of downstream AtSAGs, further indicating that GmNAC85 and GmNAC065 regulators function inversely in developmental and environmental PCD.

scholarly journals Roles of malic enzymes in plant development and stress responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e1644596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Sun ◽  
Guoliang Han ◽  
Zhe Meng ◽  
Lin Lin ◽  
Na Sui
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses

scholarly journals RAE-1 ligands for the NKG2D receptor are regulated by E2F transcription factors, which control cell cycle entry

2012 ◽  
Vol 209 (13) ◽  
pp. 2409-2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiyoun Jung ◽  
Benjamin Hsiung ◽  
Kathleen Pestal ◽  
Emily Procyk ◽  
David H. Raulet
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Cell Cycle Entry

The NKG2D stimulatory receptor expressed by natural killer cells and T cell subsets recognizes cell surface ligands that are induced on transformed and infected cells and facilitate immune rejection of tumor cells. We demonstrate that expression of retinoic acid early inducible gene 1 (RAE-1) family NKG2D ligands in cancer cell lines and proliferating normal cells is coupled directly to cell cycle regulation. Raet1 genes are directly transcriptionally activated by E2F family transcription factors, which play a central role in regulating cell cycle entry. Induction of RAE-1 occurred in primary cell cultures, embryonic brain cells in vivo, and cells in healing skin wounds and, accordingly, wound healing was delayed in mice lacking NKG2D. Transcriptional activation by E2Fs is likely coordinated with posttranscriptional regulation by other stress responses. These findings suggest that cellular proliferation, as occurs in cancer cells but also other pathological conditions, is a key signal tied to immune reactions mediated by NKG2D-bearing lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Activation of theSH2D2AGene Is Dependent on a Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Responsive Element in the ProximalSH2D2APromoter

2004 ◽  
Vol 172 (10) ◽  
pp. 6144-6151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Zheng Dai ◽  
Finn-Eirik Johansen ◽  
Kristin Melkevik Kolltveit ◽  
Hans-Christian Aasheim ◽  
Zlatko Dembic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Responsive Element

scholarly journals MOS1 Osmosensor of Metarhizium anisopliae Is Required for Adaptation to Insect Host Hemolymph

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengshu Wang ◽  
Zhibing Duan ◽  
Raymond J. St. Leger
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Adaptor Proteins ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Hyphal Bodies ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Src Homology

ABSTRACT Entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium anisopliae infect insects by direct penetration of the cuticle, after which the fungus adapts to the high osmotic pressure of the hemolymph and multiplies. Here we characterize the M. anisopliae Mos1 gene and demonstrate that it encodes the osmosensor required for this process. MOS1 contains transmembrane regions and a C-terminal Src homology 3 domain similar to those of yeast osmotic adaptor proteins, and homologs of MOS1 are widely distributed in the fungal kingdom. Reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that Mos1 is up-regulated in insect hemolymph as well as artificial media with high osmotic pressure. Transformants containing an antisense vector directed to the Mos1 mRNA depleted transcript levels by 80%. This produced selective alterations in regulation of genes involved in hyphal body formation, cell membrane stiffness, and generation of intracellular turgor pressure, suggesting that these processes are mediated by MOS1. Consistent with a role in stress responses, transcript depletion of Mos1 increased sensitivity to osmotic and oxidative stresses and to compounds that interfere with cell wall biosynthesis. It also disrupted developmental processes, including formation of appressoria and hyphal bodies. Insect bioassays confirmed that Mos1 knockdown significantly reduces virulence. Overall, our data show that M. anisopliae MOS1 mediates cellular responses to high osmotic pressure and subsequent adaptations to colonize host hemolymph.

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