Root-ABA1 QTL affects root lodging, grain yield, and other agronomic traits in maize grown under well-watered and water-stressed conditions

This study evaluated the performance of 64 half sib families (HSF) derived from “Azam” variety of maize using partially balanced lattice square design with two replications. Data were recorded on grain yield and other agronomic traits. Observations showed difference in half-sib families for studied traits. Among the 64 half-sib families, minimum days to 50% tasseling (51 days) were observed for HS-49 while maximum (57 days) for HS-63. Minimum days to 50% silking (56 days) were counted for HS-6 while maximum (63 days) for HS-23. Minimum days to 50% anthesis (55 days) were counted for HS-1 and HS-6 while maximum (62 days) for HS-23. Similarly, minimum ASI (-2 days) were observed in HS-1, HS-15, HS-16, HS-28 and HS-63 while maximum (2 days) in HS-48. Minimum (60 cm) ear height was recorded for HS-11 and maximum (93.5 cm) for HS-28. Minimum fresh ear weight (1.3 kg) was weighted for HS-17 while maximum (3.2 kg) for HS-21. Grain moisture was recorded minimum (19.35 %) for HS-19 and maximum (31.25%) for HS-2. HS-42 showed minimum (28 g) 100 kernel weight while HS-5 showed maximum (47 g). Grain yield was minimum (2323 kg ha-1) for HS-17 and maximum (5742 kg ha-1) for HS-21. Maximum heritability estimate (0.92) was recorded for fresh ear weight, while minimum (0.41) was observed for ear height.

Download Full-text

Performance Evaluation of Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Common bean Genotypes at Yabello and Abaya, Southern Ethiopia

Journal of Aridland Agriculture ◽

10.25081/jaa.2017.v3.3365 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 28-34

Author(s):

Ejigu Ejara, Wassu Mohammed, Berhanu Amsalu ◽

Zinash Misgana, Mulatu Gabisa, Ganane Tasama

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Common Bean ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Design Data ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Borana Zone ◽

Home Consumption

Common bean is among the major crops grown in southern Ethiopia including Borana zone where the majority of the farmers are Agro-pastoralist and produce the crop mainly for home consumption. The area has potential to the production of common bean for food and nutrition security as well as export commodity. However, scarcity of varieties that fit to the environment is one of the major constraints of production. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate 36 common bean genotypes including seven released varieties to evaluate performance of genotypes for yield and agronomic traits. The field experiment was conducted in 2015 at two locations (Abaya and Yabello) and genotypes were planted in triple lattice design. Data were collected on yield and important agronomic traits. Analysis of variance computed for individual locations and combined analysis over locations revealed significant variations among genotypes for all traits. Moreover, 16.67% of the genotypes had mean grain yield greater than the best performing released variety across locations and the genotypes showed a grain yield as high as 3.25 tons ha-1. Based on results of this study it is recommended to test the high yielding and early maturing genotypes at many locations to develop preferred varieties across many locations.

Download Full-text

Grain Yield and Agronomic Traits of Winter Wheat Varieties in Response to Fertilization in Dryland

ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1006.2010.01192 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

pp. 1192-1197

Author(s):

Ling ZHOU ◽

Zhao-Hui WANG ◽

Sheng-Xiu LI

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Winter Wheat Varieties

Download Full-text

Supporting Physiological Trait for Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in Drought-Stressed Popcorn

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10081510 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1510

Author(s):

Samuel Henrique Kamphorst ◽

Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves ◽

Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽

Valter Jário de Lima ◽

Kátia Fabiane Medeiros Schmitt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Leaf Angle ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Leaf Greenness ◽

Selection Of

The identification of traits associated with drought tolerance in popcorn is a contribution to support selection of superior plants under soil water deficit. The objective of this study was to choose morphological traits and the leaf greenness index, measured on different dates, to estimate grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE), evaluated in a set of 20 popcorn lines with different genealogies, estimated by multiple regression models. The variables were divided into three groups: morpho-agronomic traits—100-grain weight (GW), prolificacy (PR), tassel length (TL), number of tassel branches, anthesis-silking interval, leaf angle (FA) and leaf rolling (FB); variables related to the intensity of leaf greenness during the grain-filling period, at the leaf level, measured by a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and at the canopy level, calculated as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The inbred lines were cultivated under two water conditions: well-watered (WW), maintained at field capacity, and water stress (WS), for which irrigation was stopped before male flowering. The traits GY (55%) and PE (28%) were most affected by water restriction. Among the morpho-agronomic traits, GW and PR were markedly reduced (>10%). Under dry conditions, the FA in relation to the plant stalk tended to be wider, the FB curvature greater and leaf senescence accelerated (>15% at 22 days after male flowering). The use of multiple regression for the selection of predictive traits proved to be a useful tool for the identification of groups of adequate traits to efficiently predict the economically most important features of popcorn (GY and PE). The SPAD index measured 17 days after male flowering proved useful to select indirectly for GY, while, among the morphological traits, TL stood out for the same purpose. Of all traits, PR was most strongly related with PE under WS, indicating its use in breeding programs. The exploitation of these traits by indirect selection is expected to induce increments in GY and PE.

Download Full-text

Fungicide Application Affects Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency, Grain Yield, and Quality of Winter Wheat

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1295

Author(s):

Ahossi Patrice Koua ◽

Mirza Majid Baig ◽

Benedict Chijioke Oyiga ◽

Jens Léon ◽

Agim Ballvora

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effect ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Crop Production ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Yellow Rust ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

High Nitrogen ◽

Available N ◽

Fungicide Application

Nitrogen (N) is a vital component of crop production. Wheat yield varies significantly under different soil available N. Knowing how wheat responds to or interacts with N to produce grains is essential in the selection of N use efficient cultivars. We assessed in this study variations among wheat genotypes for productivity-related traits under three cropping systems (CS), high-nitrogen with fungicide (HN-WF), high-nitrogen without fungicide (HN-NF) and low-nitrogen without fungicide (LN-NF) in the 2015, 2016 and 2017 seasons. ANOVA results showed genotypes, CS, and their interactions significantly affected agronomic traits. Grain yield (GY) increased with higher leaf chlorophyll content, importantly under CS without N and fungicide supply. Yellow rust disease reduced the GY by 20% and 28% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Moreover, averaged over growing seasons, GY was increased by 23.78% under CS with N supply, while it was greatly increased, by 52.84%, under CS with both N and fungicide application, indicating a synergistic effect of N and fungicide on GY. Fungicide supply greatly improved the crop ability to accumulate N during grain filling, and hence the grain protein content. Recently released cultivars outperformed the older ones in most agronomic traits including GY. Genotype performance and stability analysis for GY production showed differences in their stability levels under the three CS. The synergistic effect of nitrogen and fungicide on grain yield (GY) and the differences in yield stability levels of recently released wheat cultivars across three CS found in this study suggest that resource use efficiency can be improved via cultivar selection for targeted CS.

Download Full-text

Stability Analysis of Agronomic Traits for Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes Based on Ammi Model

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v50i2.54091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 343-350

Author(s):

Meijin Ye ◽

Zhaoyang Chen ◽

Bingbing Liu ◽

Haiwang Yue

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Interaction Model ◽

Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Genotype By Environment ◽

Ammi Model ◽

The Ideal

Stability and adaptability of promising maize hybrids in terms of three agronomic traits (grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight) in multi-environments trials were evaluated. The analysis of AMMI model indicated that the all three agronomic traits showed highly significant differences (p < 0.01) on genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction. Results showed that genotypes Hengyu321 (G9), Yufeng303 (G10) and Huanong138 (G3) were of higher stability on grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight, respectively. Genotypes Hengyu1587 (G8) and Hengyu321 (G9) showed good performance in terms of grain yield, whereas Longping208 (G2) and Weike966 (G12) showed broad adaptability for ear weight. It was also found that the genotypes with better adaptability in terms of 100-kernel weight were Zhengdan958 (G5) and Weike966 (G12). The genotype and environment interaction model based on AMMI analysis indicated that Hengyu1587 and Hengyu321 were the ideal genotypes, due to extensive adaptability and high grain yield under both testing sites. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 343-350, 2021 (June)

Download Full-text

Genetic control of agronomic traits in an oat population of recombinant lines

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1590/s1984-70332010000400004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 305-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Itamar Cristiano Nava ◽

Ismael Tiago de Lima Duarte ◽

Marcelo Teixeira Pacheco ◽

Luiz Carlos Federizzi

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Genetic Control ◽

Plant Height ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Test Weight ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Plant Growth Habit ◽

Vegetative Cycle ◽

Efficiency Of Selection

Understanding the genetic control of phenotypic traits is essential to increase the efficiency of selection for adapted, high-yielding genotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic control of nine traits of hexaploid oat. Phenotypic data were collected from a population of 162 recombinant lines derived from the cross 'UFRGS17 x UFRGS 930598-6'. For the traits plant growth habit, hairs on leaf edges and panicle type, monogenic genetic control was observed. A quantitative and/or polygenic genetic control was stated for the traits panicle weight, panicle length, vegetative cycle, plant height, test weight and grain yield. High heritability was estimated for the traits vegetative cycle (h² = 0.89) and plant height (h² = 0.79), while moderate heritability was determined for test weight (h² = 0.51) and grain yield (h² = 0.48).

Download Full-text

Canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis L.) accessions from nineteen countries show useful genetic variation for agronomic traits

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps09200 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 37-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Cogliatti ◽

F. Bongiorno ◽

H. Dalla Valle ◽

W J Rogers

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Grain Number ◽

Harvest Maturity ◽

Phalaris Canariensis ◽

Late Sowing

Fifty-seven accessions of canaryseed (47 populations and 10 cultivars) from 19 countries were evaluated for agronomic traits in four field trials sown over 3 yr in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Genetic variation was found for all traits scored: grain yield and its components (grain weight, grain number per square meter, grain number per head and head number per square meter), harvest index, percent lodging, and phenological characters (emergence to heading, emergence to harvest maturity and heading to harvest maturity). Although genotype × environment interaction was observed for all traits, the additive differences between accessions were sufficient to enable promising breeding materials to be identified. Accessions superior in performance to the local Argentinean population, which in general gave values close to the overall mean of the accessions evaluated, were identified. For example, a population of Moroccan origin gave good yield associated with elevated values of the highly heritable character grain weight, rather than with the more commonly observed grain number per square meter. This population was also of relatively short stature and resistant to lodging, and, although it performed best when sown within the normal sowing date, tolerated late sowing fairly well. Other accessions were also observed with high grain weight, a useful characteristic in itself, since large grains are desirable from a quality point of view. Regarding phenology, the accessions showed a range of 160 degree days (8 calendar days in our conditions) in maturity, which, while not large in magnitude, may be of some utility in crop rotation management. Some accessions were well adapted to late sowing. Grain yield in general was strongly correlated with grain number per square meter. Principal components analysis (PCA) carried out for all characteristics provided indications of accessions combining useful characteristics and identified three components that explained approximately 70% of the phenotypic variation. Furthermore, a second PCA plus regression showed that approximately 60% of the variation in grain yield could be explained by a component associated with harvest index and grain number per square meter. Pointers were provided to possible future breeding targets.Key words: Phalaris canariensis, canaryseed, accessions, yield, phenology, genetics, breeding

Download Full-text

Selección para calidad fisiológica de la semilla y rendimiento en líneas S2 derivadas de cuatro poblaciones tropicales de maíz (Zea mays L.)

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/am.v7i1.24790 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Enrique Navarro ◽

Cristina Vega ◽

Fernando Narváez ◽

Hugo Córdova

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Flower Plant ◽

Ear Height ◽

Field And Laboratory Conditions

This study was carried out in 1993 to evaluate S2 lines from four maize tropical populations improved by reciprocal recurrent selection. These lines were evaluated under field and laboratory conditions, the latter one to determine physiology quality. The main goal was to measure genetic variability within and among populations for traits such as grain yield, vigor and germination and to select the best lines under field and laboratory conditions. The combined analysis of variance showed great genetic variability among the S2 lines within and among populations for grain yield, days to flower, plant and ear height, among others. The maximum genetic variability was observed on the lines from population 43 and pool 23 for most of the traits, although the latter showed a greater genetic variability for grain yield. Besides, it is important to mention that the above populations included the best genotypes for grain yield, germination and vigor. Taking into account the above mentionel agronomic traits, fifteen lines were selected; 2 belong to population 43* pool 20, 2 from pool 19* pool 23, 8 from population 43, and 3 from pool 23. These results confirm the genetic superiority of the lines from populations 43 and pool 23, so that these populations should be recommended for future genetic improvement by reciprocal recurrent procedures.

Download Full-text

Heterosis in crosses among white grain maize populations with high quality protein

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2006000100009 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 59-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Márcio Costa Rodrigues ◽

Lázaro José Chaves ◽

Cleso Antônio Patto Pacheco

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Least Square ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Normal Equation ◽

High Quality ◽

Maize Populations ◽

High Quality Protein ◽

Female Flowering ◽

White Grain

The objective of this work was to investigate heterosis and its components in 16 white grain maize populations presenting high quality protein. These populations were divided according to grain type in order to establish different heterosis groups. The crosses were carried out according to a partial diallel cross design among flint and dent populations. Seven agronomic traits were evaluated in three environments while four leaf diseases and incidence of corn stunt were evaluated in one. Least square procedure was applied to the normal equation X'Xbeta = X'Y, to estimate the model effects and their respective sum of squares. Among the heterosis components, in diallel analysis, significance for average heterosis in grain yield, number of days to female flowering and to all evaluated diseases was detected. Specific heterosis was significant for days to female flowering and resistance to Puccinia polysora. Results concerned to grain yield trait indicate that populations with superior performance in dent group, no matter what flint population group is used in crosses, tend to generate superior intervarietal hybrids. In decreasing order of preference, the dent type populations CMS 476, ZQP/B 103 and ZQP/B 101 and the flint type CMS 461, CMS 460, ZQP/B 104 and ZQP/B 102 are recommended to form composites.

Download Full-text