II Constitutional Jurisprudence, 4 Key Rights and Freedoms

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barsotti Vittoria ◽  
Carozza Paolo G ◽  
Cartabia Marta ◽  
Simoncini Andrea
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Personal Liberty ◽  
The Family ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
Constitutional Jurisprudence ◽  
System Today

Every constitutional system today presents major controversies and encounters significant challenges in the protection and guarantees of fundamental rights, and for that reason they constitute the most lively subject of transnational constitutional dialogue. The Italian Constitutional Court has a highly developed body of jurisprudence on fundamental rights, starting with its very first decision examining the validity of Fascist laws limiting freedom of expression. This chapter provides a broad overview of some of the constitutional principles that ground fundamental rights in Italian constitutional law, such as human dignity and equality, and then presents the Court’s case law in a selected set of problem areas: personal liberty; freedom of religion; protection of the family; reproduction; social rights; immigration. These are areas with which many other constitutional systems are struggling, and the Italian Court’s particular way of conceptualizing and addressing these issues provides a welcome new voice in the global dialogue.

II Constitutional Jurisprudence, 5 Powers and Conflicts

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barsotti Vittoria ◽  
Carozza Paolo G ◽  
Cartabia Marta ◽  
Simoncini Andrea
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
Constitutional Jurisprudence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Principal Lines

By presenting the Court’s principal lines of case law regarding the allocation of powers in the Italian constitutional system, this chapter explores the constitutionally regulated relationships among the President, Executive, Parliament, and Judiciary. It reveals that rather than a “separation of powers” in the conventional sense of contemporary constitutional models, the Italian system is best described as instituting a set of reciprocal “relations of powers” with the Constitutional Court as the “judge of powers” that maintains and guarantees these interrelationships of constitutional actors. The chapter explores this role of the Constitutional Court in its relations with both Parliament and the President of the Republic, as well as the Court’s regulation of the relationship between the President and the Executive.

Derechos sociales y amparo constitucional

2012 ◽  
pp. 17-57
Author(s):  
María DÍAZ CREGO
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Spanish Constitution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Procedural Safeguard ◽  
National Constitution

LABURPENA: Nahiz eta Espainiako Konstituzioak eskubide sozial sorta handia aitortu, bertako 53. artikuluaren jokoak oinarrizko eskubideak bermatzeko mekanismotik kanpo uzten ditu eskubide sozial horiek. Artikulu horrek zalantzan jartzen baitu eskubide sozial gehienen justiziabilitatea. Eta ez hori bakarrik; gainera, oinarrizko eskubideak Auzitegi Konstituzionalean bermatzeko espresuki eraturiko auzibidetik kanpo uzten ditu, hots, babes-errekurtsotik kanpo. Eskubide sozialen degradazio hori, ohikoa Zuzenbide Konparatuan, saihestu izan da, auzitegi nazional eta nazioarteko askotan, eskubideoi zeharkako babesa ematen dieten estrategien bitartez. Ildo horretan, gaurko azterlan honen xedea da babes-errekurtsoetan ezarritako jurisprudentzia konstituzionala analizatzea, ikusteko zer neurritaraino baliatu den Auzitegi Konstituzionala estrategia horietaz Konstituzioak aitortzen dituen eskubide sozial gehienak babes-errekurtsoek eskaintzen duten aterpetik kanpo uzteko joerari aurre egiteko. RESUMEN: A pesar de que la Constitución española reconoce un importante elenco de derechos sociales, el juego de su artículo 53 les excluye de los principales mecanismos de garantía de los derechos fundamentales. Este precepto no sólo pone en duda la justiciabilidad de la mayoría de los derechos sociales, sino que les excluye de la vía procesal específicamente pensada para garantizar los derechos fundamentales ante el Tribunal Constitucional: el recurso de amparo. Esta degradación de los derechos sociales, habitual en Derecho comparado, ha sido salvada por muchos tribunales nacionales e internacionales utilizando estrategias de protección indirecta de estos derechos. En esta línea, el objeto del presente trabajo es analizar la jurisprudencia constitucional sentada en recursos de amparo a fin de identificar en qué medida el Tribunal Constitucional ha hecho uso de esas estrategias para paliar la exclusión de la mayoría de los derechos sociales reconocidos en la Constitución de la protección que otorga el amparo. ABSTRACT: Although the Spanish Constitution recognizes a remarkable cast of social rights, its article 53 excludes these rights from the mechanisms built to guarantee the protection of constitutional rights. Article 53 brings into question the justiciability of most of the social rights recognized in the Spanish Constitution and deprives most of them from the protection granted by the recurso de amparo, the procedural safeguard specifically designed to protect fundamental rights in case of individual violations before the Spanish Constitutional Court. However, this situation is not so atipical as many other national and international courts face this sort of limits by developing a creative case law in order to protect social rights even when the national constitution or the international treaty they interpretate do not expressly recognize these rights. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to analyse the Spanish Constitutional Court’s case law as to determine to what extent it has made use of the indirect strategies to ensure the justiciability of social rights that other courts have already used.

El derecho a ser informado como elemento esencial del derecho a la protección de datos. Una visión crítica de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional y de su cambio de doctrina en la STC 39/2016

2016 ◽  
pp. 191-216
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel CABELLOS ESPIÉRREZ
Keyword(s):  
Video Surveillance ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
The Right

LABURPENA: Lan eremuan bideozaintzaren erabilerak ondorio garrantzitsuak dakartza funtsezko eskubideei dagokienez, esate baterako intimitateari eta datu pertsonalen babesari dagokienez. Hala eta guztiz ere, oraindik ez daukagu araudi zehatz eta espezifikorik kontrol-teknika hori lan eremuan erabiltzeari buruz. Horrek behartuta, errealitate horri araudi-esparru anitz eta generikoa aplikatzeko modua auzitegiek zehaztu behar dute, kontuan hartuta, gainera, Espainiako Konstituzioaren 18.4 artikulua alde horretatik lausoa dela. Konstituzio Auzitegiak, datuen babeserako funtsezko eskubidea aztertzean, datuen titularraren adostasuna eta titular horri eman beharreko informazioa eskubide horretan berebizikoak zirela ezarri zuen; hortik ondorioztatzen da titularraren adostasuna eta hari emandako informazioa mugatuz gero behar bezala justifikatu beharko dela. Hala ere, Konstituzio Auzitegiak, duela gutxiko jurisprudentzian, bere doktrina aldatu du. Aldaketa horrek, lan eremuan, argi eta garbi langileak informazioa jasotzeko duen eskubidea debaluatzea dakar, bere datuetatik zein lortzen ari diren jakiteari dagokionez. RESUMEN: La utilización de la videovigilancia en el ámbito laboral posee importantes implicaciones en relación con derechos fundamentales como los relativos a la intimidad y a la protección de datos personales. Pese a ello, carecemos aún de una normativa detallada y específica en relación con el uso de dicha técnica de control en el ámbito laboral, lo que obliga a que sean los tribunales los que vayan concretando la aplicación de un marco normativo plural y genérico a esa realidad, dada además la vaguedad del art. 18.4 CE. El TC, al analizar el derecho fundamental a la protección de datos, había establecido el carácter central en él del consentimiento del titular de los datos y de la información que debe dársele a éste, de donde se sigue que cualquier limitación del papel de ambos deberá estar debidamente justificada. Sin embargo, en su más reciente jurisprudencia el TC ha realizado un cambio de doctrina que supone, en el ámbito laboral, una clara devaluación del derecho a la información por parte del trabajador en relación con qué datos suyos se están obteniendo. ABSTRACT : T he use of video surveillance systems within the work sphere has major implications for fundamental rights such as privacy and data protection. Nonetheless, we still lack of a detailed and specific regulation regarding the use of that control technology within the work sphere, which obliges courts to define the application of a plural and generic normative framework to that issue, given the vagueness of art. 18.4 of the Constitution. The Constitutional Court, when analyzing the fundamental right to data protection, had settled the centralityof the consent of the data rightholder and of the information to be provided to the latter, and from this it followed that any restriction on the role of both rights should be duly justified. However, in its most recent case law the Constitutional Court has changed its doctrine which means, within the work sphere, a clear devaluation of the right of information by the employee regarding the obtained data of him/her.

Verfassungsanalogien – Das Bundesverfassungsgericht an der Grenze der Verfassungsinterpretation

Der Staat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-41
Author(s):  
Carsten Bäcker
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Statutory Interpretation ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Federal Constitutional

Analogien sind methodologisch hoch umstritten; sie bewegen sich an der Grenze der Gesetzesinterpretation. Dem methodologischen Streit um die Analogien unterliegt die Frage nach den Grenzen der Gesetzesinterpretation. In der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts finden sich eine Reihe von Verfassungsanalogien. Diese Analogien zum Verfassungsgesetz werden zwar nur selten ausdrücklich als solche bezeichnet, sie finden sich aber in einer Vielzahl von dogmatischen Konstruktionen in der Rechtsprechung – wie etwa der Erweiterung des Grundrechtsschutzes für Deutsche auf EU-Bürger oder der Annahme von Gesetzgebungskompetenzen des Bundes als Annex zu dessen geschriebenen Kompetenzen. Die Existenz derartiger Analogien zum Verfassungsgesetz verlangt nach Antworten auf die Fragen nach den Grenzen der Kompetenz zur Verfassungsinterpretation. Der Beitrag spürt diesen Grenzen nach – und schließt mit der Aufforderung an das Bundesverfassungsgericht, die Annahme von Verfassungsanalogien zu explizieren und die sich darin spiegelnden Annahmen über die Grenzen der Kompetenz zur Verfassungsinterpretation zu reflektieren. Constitutional analogies. The Federal Constitutional Court at the limit of constitutional interpretation From a methodological point of view, the use of analogies in legal argument is highly controversial, for they reach to the limits of statutory interpretation. Underlying the methodological dispute over analogies is the question of what the limits of statutory interpretation are or ought to be. A number of analogies from constitutional law can be found in the case law of the Federal Constitutional Court. Although these analogies to constitutional law are rarely explicitly designated as such, in the case law they can be found in a variety of dogmatic constructions – for example, in the extension of Germans’ fundamental rights protection to EU citizens, or the assumption of legislative powers of the federal state as an appendix to its written powers. The existence of such analogies to constitutional law calls for answers to the question of the limits of the power to interpret the Constitution. It is the aim of this article to trace these limits, and in its conclusion it calls on the Federal Constitutional Court to explicate the adoption of analogies in constitutional law and to reflect on the assumptions found therein – respecting the limits of the power to interpret the Constitution.

The Financial Crisis as a Turning Point for Constitutional Rights Jurisprudence

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-207
Author(s):  
Elaine Dewhurst
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Constitutional Protection ◽  
Irish Government ◽  
Legislative Reforms ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
Social Security Benefits

In 2008, Ireland faced an economic crisis without parallel in its recent history. To address this crisis, a large programme of financial assistance was obtained from the European Union and the IMF, and the Irish government set about the process of reforming the structure and financing of social security benefits and the healthcare system to ameliorate the effects of the crisis. While much can be said about the legislative reforms, their rationale, necessity, and impact, this chapter addresses the legacy of the crisis on the Irish constitutional system and, particularly, on the Irish constitutional protection of social rights (or lack thereof). Following an analysis of the limited case law surrounding the reforms imposed during the economic crisis, it is contended that the economic crisis had the effect of highlighting the lack of explicit constitutional protection of social rights, a deficiency which in turn created an opportunity for the utilisation of other existing and emerging constitutional rights. While the future of social rights in the Irish Constitution is still unclear, it is evident that the economic crisis has left an indelible mark on the Irish constitutional landscape.

scholarly journals La no renovación de contrato a los profesores de religión en las escuelas públicas por falta de idoneidad canónica : autonomía de las Iglesias y aconfesionalidad del Estado vs. derechos fundamentales del trabajador : comentario a las SSTC 38/2007 y 128/2007)

2007 ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Joaquín Brage Camazano
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Concrete Case ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
Academic Year

In this work, the author comments critically a recent case-law of the Constitutional Court about the cases in that the Administration doesn’t renew the yearly contract to a teacher of Catholic religion in public schools because the Bishop didn’t nominate him for that academic year because he failed to consider him a suitable teacher of religion, in part even on the basis of aspects related to his private life. In the Decision 38 of 2007, the Constitutional Court analyzes in abstract the compatibility with the Constitution of the Concordat which allows that «non renewall» of contract and it considers that this is in accordance with the Constitution but the Court lays down the demands that derive of the fundamental rights of the teacher and which should be kept in mind by the judges when enforcing this regulation to the concrete cases. In the Decision 128/2007, the Courth itself reviews a first concrete case of application of this doctrine. The Court gives great deference to the religious opinion of the Bishop when the «non renewal» is based on religious motivations in order to respect the collective freedom of religion.

scholarly journals Libertad de expresión y derecho de defensa frente al ius puniendi de la administración: una visión a la luz de la más reciente jurisprudencia constitucional = Freedom of expression and right of defense opposite to the ius puniendi of the administration: a vision in the light of the most recent constitutional jurisprudence

2017 ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
José Mateos Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
First Person ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Disciplinary Process ◽  
The Right ◽  
Constitutional Jurisprudence

RESUMEN: El presente artículo analiza el reforzamiento de la libertad de expresión que se produce cuando ésta es ejercida en conexión con el derecho de defensa, y se centra en un concreto supuesto que ha sido recientemente examinado por el Tribunal Constitucional: el ejercicio del derecho de defensa en primera persona por un funcionario que es objeto de un expediente disciplinario. A la vez que estudiamos la solución dada por el TC al citado caso, reflexionamos sobre los efectos de la misma más allá del caso específico que resuelve, planteando la posibilidad de su extrapolación a la generalidad de supuestos donde el ciudadano ejerce su derecho de defensa en primera persona y sin asistencia letrada. ABSTRACT: The present article analyzes the reinforcement of the freedom of expression that takes place when this one is exercised in connection by the right of defense, and centres on a concrete supposition that has been recently examined by the Constitutional Court: the exercise of the right of defense in the first person for a civil servant who is an object of a disciplinary process. Simultaneously that we study the solution given by the Constitutional Court to the mentioned case, we think about the effects of the same one beyond the specific case that resolves, raising the possibility of its extrapolation to the generality of suppositions where the citizen exercises his right of defense in the first person and without legal aid service.PALABRAS CLAVE: libertad de expresión, derecho de defensa, funcionario público, autotutela, expediente disciplinario.KEYWORDS: freedom of expression, right of defense, civil servant, autoguardianship, disciplinary process.

scholarly journals The asymmetric evolution of the social case-law of the Court of Justice: new challenges in the context of the European pillar of social rights

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-19
Author(s):  
Luis Jimena Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
New Framework ◽  
The Eu

The author highlights the paradoxical evolution of CJEU’s case-law in the field of social rights and how in the past, it has played a praetorian role in a context of implied powers and modest EU primary legal provisions whereas now, it is showing clear self-restraint under explicit competences and an evolved EU primary law [including the Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFREU)]. From this perspective, the author proposes the opening of the CJEU to the new framework of the European Pillar of Social Rights, as part of the broader Turin process for the European Social Charter, through positive judicial willingness (by taking into account the synergies between the EU and the Council of Europe – including the case-law from the European Committee of Social Rights).

Part Two Rights, 6 Social Rights

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espinosa Manuel José Cepeda ◽  
Landau David
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
System P

This chapter looks at the Court’s extensive jurisprudence on social rights. The Colombian Constitution of 1991 contains a long list of social rights, however it was initially unclear to what extent they were justiciable. The Constitutional Court quickly established that they could be litigated in many circumstances, and has since developed case law reaching across many different domains. This chapter considers, for example, the Court interventions in the rights to health, housing, and water. It also reviews the Court’s response to the economic crisis of the late 1990s, in which it weighed the need for austerity against the rights of homeowners and civil servants. Finally, it looks at the Court’s major structural injunctions and ongoing supervision on certain large-scale public problems, including the rights of internally displaced persons and the structure of the healthcare system.

II Constitutional Jurisprudence, 6 Regionalism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barsotti Vittoria ◽  
Carozza Paolo G ◽  
Cartabia Marta ◽  
Simoncini Andrea
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
National Government ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
National Unity ◽  
The World ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
The Many ◽  
Constitutional Jurisprudence

Italy has a unitary rather than a federal state, and thus the constitutional system has evolved toward an increasingly complex and dynamic set of interactions between the national government and the several regions of Italy. The Court’s case law dramatically reflects that shift where disputes regarding the allocation of authority between regional and national states account for a sharply increasing proportion of the Constitutional Court’s work. This chapter presents that body of jurisprudence and thereby offers helpful points of reference and comparison for the many other constitutional systems around the world grappling with the challenges of drawing a healthy balance between local autonomy and national unity.

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