2 Commentary on the Principle: Conditions of Application and Limitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Far Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Principal Elements ◽  
Legal Right

This chapter addresses the particulars of the principle of abuse of rights, articulating its conditions of application and shedding light on any concerns that may arise from its application. An examination of the principle’s application reveals that there is consensus among the different laws on the principal elements of abuse of rights. Precisely, the application of abuse of rights assumes the existence of an acknowledged legal right; and that such right ceases legal protection given that it has been abused by the right holder. Moreover, the act in question must have caused harm to the other party. The damage or loss sustained may be material or moral damages. Once a court is satisfied that an abuse is established, it will either award damages to the aggrieved party or grant specific performance.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kreditor Terhadap Hapusnya Hak Atas Tanah yang Dibebani Hak Tanggungan

Acta Comitas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
I Dewa Gede Arie Kusumaningrat
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Credit Agreement ◽  
The Right

Credit distribution by banks is one effort that can be utilized by everyone to meet needs that are very diverse and always increasing. Credit distribution by banks is generally carried out in the presence of collateral to increase creditor trust. Credit distribution is a product that is profitable for the bank, but on the other hand there is a risk in lending due to the need for time from the lending phase to the repayment stage. Credit implementation does not always run smoothly, one of which is when the credit debtor becomes bogged down, plus the collateral of the debtor cannot be executed by the bank because the guarantee has been removed by a certain matter. The problem is how the legal protection for creditors against the abolition of land rights burdened with liability and how the debtor's responsibility due to the abolition of rights to land burdened with mortgage rights. Normative juridical research used in compiling this study is accompanied by the use of a legal approach (Statue approach), and a conceptual approach. There are two types of protection for creditors, namely preventive legal protection (prevention) and repressive legal protection (dispute resolution). The debtor is still obliged to pay off the debt even though the collateral with the right of liability has been removed. The credit agreement is a protection for creditors in the event of a dispute during the process of lending, then efforts can be made by the bank if there is a problem, namely by conducting a credit restructuring. Penyaluran kredit oleh bank merupakan salah satu upaya yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh setiap orang guna memenuhi kebutuhan yang sangat beraneka ragam dan selalu meningkat. Penyaluran kredit oleh bank pada umumnya dilakukan dengan keberadaan jaminan guna meningkatkan kepercayaan kreditor. Penyaluran kredit merupakan produk yang menguntungkan bagi bank, namun disisi lain terdapat resiko dalam penyaluran kredit tersebut yang dikarenakan diperlukannya waktu sejak tahap pemberian kredit sampai pada tahap pelunasan kredit. Pelaksaan kredit tidak selalu berjalan dengan lancar, salah satunya ketika debitor kreditnya menjadi macet, ditambah lagi jaminan debitor tidak bisa dieksekusi oleh bank karena jaminan telah hapus oleh suatu hal tertentu. Adapun yang menjadi masalah yakni bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi kreditor terhadap hapusnya hak atas tanah yang dibebani hak tanggungan dan bagaimana tanggung jawab debitor akibat hapusnya hak atas tanah yang dibebani hak tanggungan. Penelitian normatif digunakan dalam menyusun penelitian ini disertai penggunaan pendekatan perundang-undangan (Statue approach), dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Terdapat dua jenis perlindungan bagi kreditor yaitu perlindungan hukum preventif (pencegahan) serta perlindungan hukum represif (penyelesaian sengketa). Debitor tetap berkewajiban melunasi utangnya meskipun jaminan dengan hak tanggungan telah hapus. Perjanjian kredit menjadi perlindungan bagi kreditor dalam hal terjadinya sengketa selama proses penyaluran kredit, kemudian upaya yang dapat dilakukan bank apabila terjadi permasalahan yakni dengan melakukan restrukturisasi kredit.

scholarly journals Facility under Construction and Investment in Property Maintenance and Improvement as part of the Joint Property of Spouses: Issues of Object Identification and Choice of Protection Method

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
E. A. Usacheva
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Current System ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Joint Property

The purpose of the paper is to classify the buildings built in marriage and investments made in one of the spouses’ property from the viewpoint of the current system of civil rights objects, to determine the appropriate ways to protect the interests of the spouses arising in connection with these objects. The analysis of the norms of civil and family legislation made it possible to identify the problem of legal insecurity of a spouse’s interest in common joint property when reimbursing expenses incurred in connection with his investments into the other spouse’s property maintenance or improvement. The same is true for the acquisition of ownership rights to a building erected during the marriage on a plot of land owned by the other spouse in the absence of primary registration of the right to it. It is established that a direct application of civil law object classification in determining the composition of marital property subject to division, leading to interdependent loss of efficiency of norms of civil and family law (repaying the action of each other), and deprivation of the indicated interests of a spouse legal protection. It is proved that the protection of the interest in compensation for expenses incurred to improve or maintain the personal property of one of the spouses can only be provided by adding a special norm to the Family Code of the Russian Federation that fixes the legality of this interest and determines the method of its protection. The spouse’s interest in acquiring ownership of a building erected during marriage on a plot of land owned by the other spouse, if the primary ownership of the building is not registered, can only be protected by adapting the principles of real property classification to the regime of common joint property of the spouses by expanding the scope of the exception to the principle of incorporation or by introducing an exception to the principle of superficies solo cedit.

scholarly journals Protección de la salud, atención primaria y derechos fundamentales

2018 ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Fernando Rey Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sobre Todo ◽  
Legal Right

El artículo se plantea, sobre todo, el problema de la oportunidad de constitucionalizar el derecho a la protección jurídica de la salud como un derecho fundamental en sentido estricto, concluyendo afirmativamente. En el constitucionalismo español vigente, es un principio rector constitucional y un derecho legal. Se propone, pues, en una eventual reforma de la Constitución, convertirlo en un derecho fundamental de configuración legislativa. En segundo lugar, el trabajo se plantea la conveniencia de reconocer expresamente a la atención primaria de la salud en el texto constitucional.The article raises, above all, the problem of the opportunity to constitutionalize the right to legal protection of health as a fundamental right in the strict sense, concluding affirmatively. In current Spanish constitutionalism, it is a constitutional «principio rector» and a legal right. It is proposed, then, in a possible reform of the Constitution, to convert it into a fundamental right of legislative configuration. Second, the work raises the convenience of explicitly recognizing primary health care in the constitutional text.

scholarly journals Kewenangan Kepolisian Memanggil Notaris Untuk Mendapatkan Keterangan Dan Klarifikasi Terhadap Perkara Tindak Pidana

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Agus Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Police Investigation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
The Law ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
The Right ◽  
Investigation Process

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan perlindungan hukum hak-hak tenaga kerja yang perusahaannya diputus Pailit. Permasalahan penelitian, Pertama, Bagaimanakah Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak-Hak Pegawai Dalam Kepailitan Perusahaan; Kedua, Bagaimanakah Upaya Hukum Yang Dapat Dilakukan Pekerja Jika Tidak Memperoleh Hak Sebagai Kreditor Istimewa/Preference. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan yang bersifat kualitatif. Hasil penelitian bahwa Perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak karyawan dalam kepailitan perseroan adalah melindungi hak-hak dan kepentingan dari para karyawan selaku stakeholders perusahaan. Kewenangan pengadilan niaga dalam tuntutan karyawan atas upah atau uang pesangon yang tidak dibayar oleh perseroan dalam memindahkan kewenangan mutlak (absolut) dari pengadilan umum untuk memeriksa permohonan pailit. upah pekerja dalam pemenuhan adalah utang harta pailit, sebelum didistribusikan kepada kreditor biaya kepailitan harus dibayar didahulukan, termasuk kreditor separatis. This study aims to analyze the authority of the police investigation and investigation process of notaries. Research problems, First. what is the authority of the police in the process of investigating and investigating notaries. Second, how does the legal protection of notaries in the process of investigation and investigation ?. The results showed that the authority of the Police in the process of investigating and investigating Notaries after the issuance of the Law of Notary Position Number 2 of 2014 was that between the Police and Notary Public must understand about their respective authorities that have been regulated by the Law, namely if the Notary Public has a problem with the deed he made then the Police / Investigator can call the Notary public directly as a witness / suspect but on the other hand the Notary in assuming his position has the right to deny the confidentiality of his act in accordance with Article 4 Jo Article 16 Jo Article 54 Jo Law No. 2 of 2014, then based on Article 170 paragraph 1 KUHAP and Article 1909 paragraph 2 number 3e of the Civil Code in this case the Police must also understand the principle of legal presumption (Vermoedanvan Rechtmatigheid) or Presumptio lustae Causa

scholarly journals The Implementation of The Land Right Transfer Registration According to Letter Citation in Jatibogor Village, Suradadi - Tegal

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Ahmad Tsekhudin ◽  
Umar Ma'ruf
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Court System ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

According to the certainty on the material law, the definition of transfer of land right is the transfer of old owner to the new one. There are 2 (two) ways of the transfer of land right, which are to transfer and being transferred. To transfer means the transfer of land right without any legal action done by the owner, for example by the hereditarily. While being transferred refers to the transfer of the land through the legal action by the owner, for example by the purchase and sale. According to Paragraph 37 Article 1 Government Regulation Number 24 the Of 1997, it is stated that the Transfer of land right done by making the deed by Land Titles Registrar, so the transfer deed of land transfer will have a strong proof as a deed in the court system and a deed as the base of issuing the ownership certificate. The registration of the land as Government Regulation Number 24 the Of 1997 aims to give the legal certainty and legal protection to the right holder of the land, apartment units and other registered rights so it can easily prove that himself/herself is the right holder. On the other hand, we also acknowledge the registration of land tax, such as pipil-girik, petok, letter C, which is done by the Tax Office in Java Island. Due to there are still some lands in Indonesia that aren’t registered yet around society.Keywords: The Transfer of A Land Right; Registration; Letter D

Assessment of knowledge of oral health hygiene among coastal guards in the port trust of south Tamil Nadu - A public health awareness survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1861-1868
Author(s):  
Bianca Princeton ◽  
Abilasha R ◽  
Preetha S
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oral Hygiene Habits

Oral hygiene is defined as the practice of keeping the mouth clean and healthy, by brushing and flossing to prevent the occurrence of any gum diseases like periodontitis or gingivitis. The main aim of oral health hygiene is to prevent the buildup of plaque, which is defined as a sticky film of bacteria and food formed on the teeth. The coastal guard is an official who is employed to watch the sea near a coast for ships that are in danger or involved with illegal activities. Coastal guards have high possibilities of being affected by mesothelioma or lung cancer due to asbestos exposure. So, a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was created and circulated among a hundred participants who were coastal guards, through Google forms. The responses were recorded and tabulated in the form of bar graphs. Out of a hundred participants, 52.4% were not aware of the fact that coastal guards have high chances of developing lung cancer and Mesothelioma. 53.7% were aware of the other oral manifestations of lung cancer other than bleeding gums. Majority of the coastal guards feel that they are given enough information about dental hygiene protocols. Hence, to conclude, oral hygiene habits have to be elaborated using various tools in the right manner to ensure better health of teeth and gums.

JUAL BELI TANAH YANG DILAKUKAN TANPA AKTA PPAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Cheri Bayuni Budjang
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Buying and selling is a way to transfer land rights according to the provisions in Article 37 paragraph (1) of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration which must include the deed of the Land Deed Making Official to register the right of land rights (behind the name) to the Land Office to create legal certainty and minimize the risks that occur in the future. However, in everyday life there is still a lot of buying and selling land that is not based on the laws and regulations that apply, namely only by using receipts and trust in each other. This is certainly very detrimental to both parties in the transfer of rights (behind the name), especially if the other party is not known to exist like the Case in Decision Number 42 / Pdt.G / 2010 / PN.Mtp

Visual asymmetries during face encoding Increased dwell time and fixations in the upper and left hemifields

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Maria Felisberti
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
The Right

Visual field asymmetries (VFA) in the encoding of groups rather than individual faces has been rarely investigated. Here, eye movements (dwell time (DT) and fixations (Fix)) were recorded during the encoding of three groups of four faces tagged with cheating, cooperative, or neutral behaviours. Faces in each of the three groups were placed in the upper left (UL), upper right (UR), lower left (LL), or lower right (LR) quadrants. Face recognition was equally high in the three groups. In contrast, the proportion of DT and Fix were higher for faces in the left than the right hemifield and in the upper rather than the lower hemifield. The overall time spent looking at the UL was higher than in the other quadrants. The findings are relevant to the understanding of VFA in face processing, especially groups of faces, and might be linked to environmental cues and/or reading habits.

Challenges of Media Education Standards in Georgia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Vekua
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Journalism Education ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The main goal of this research is to determine whether the journalism education of the leading media schools inGeorgia is adequate to modern media market’s demands and challenges. The right answer to this main questionwas found after analyzing Georgian media market’s demands, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, differentaspects of journalism education in Georgia: the historical background, development trends, evaluation ofeducational programs and curricula designs, reflection of international standards in teaching methods, studyingand working conditions.

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