scholarly journals Kewenangan Kepolisian Memanggil Notaris Untuk Mendapatkan Keterangan Dan Klarifikasi Terhadap Perkara Tindak Pidana

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Agus Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Police Investigation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
The Law ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
The Right ◽  
Investigation Process

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan perlindungan hukum hak-hak tenaga kerja yang perusahaannya diputus Pailit. Permasalahan penelitian, Pertama, Bagaimanakah Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak-Hak Pegawai Dalam Kepailitan Perusahaan; Kedua, Bagaimanakah Upaya Hukum Yang Dapat Dilakukan Pekerja Jika Tidak Memperoleh Hak Sebagai Kreditor Istimewa/Preference. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan yang bersifat kualitatif. Hasil penelitian bahwa Perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak karyawan dalam kepailitan perseroan adalah melindungi hak-hak dan kepentingan dari para karyawan selaku stakeholders perusahaan. Kewenangan pengadilan niaga dalam tuntutan karyawan atas upah atau uang pesangon yang tidak dibayar oleh perseroan dalam memindahkan kewenangan mutlak (absolut) dari pengadilan umum untuk memeriksa permohonan pailit. upah pekerja dalam pemenuhan adalah utang harta pailit, sebelum didistribusikan kepada kreditor biaya kepailitan harus dibayar didahulukan, termasuk kreditor separatis. This study aims to analyze the authority of the police investigation and investigation process of notaries. Research problems, First. what is the authority of the police in the process of investigating and investigating notaries. Second, how does the legal protection of notaries in the process of investigation and investigation ?. The results showed that the authority of the Police in the process of investigating and investigating Notaries after the issuance of the Law of Notary Position Number 2 of 2014 was that between the Police and Notary Public must understand about their respective authorities that have been regulated by the Law, namely if the Notary Public has a problem with the deed he made then the Police / Investigator can call the Notary public directly as a witness / suspect but on the other hand the Notary in assuming his position has the right to deny the confidentiality of his act in accordance with Article 4 Jo Article 16 Jo Article 54 Jo Law No. 2 of 2014, then based on Article 170 paragraph 1 KUHAP and Article 1909 paragraph 2 number 3e of the Civil Code in this case the Police must also understand the principle of legal presumption (Vermoedanvan Rechtmatigheid) or Presumptio lustae Causa

KEDUDUKAN HUKUM APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA DILINGKUNGAN KEPOLISIAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
I Ketut Windia
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Police Investigation ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Victim Protection ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Article 5 ◽  
Investigation Process

Informants as connecting the tongue intel or the intelligence is very helpful in the process of seeking information in-depth (indepth information). The informant of the scope is broad, the above information indicates that the informant is not only in the governmental environment but also in another. It is very necessary for every entity that needs information, have informants done to be able to as information correction, know the enemy's power and activities that it does or as a shield for an entity to be free from threats facing him. The formulation of the issues raised in this research is how Regulations governing the legal protection of informants who assist the police in the investigation process and what are the legal safeguards against the informants who assist the police in the investigation process.        This type of research is a normatof legal research moving from an informant required mobile in his job and is required to always standby in looking for news such as journalists only. Therefore, in the rules of intelligence the informant must be able to enter into, disguise as part of it. The risk is heavy. Dead or tortured by the parties investigated. This study uses an approach that examines the applicable legislation, legal theory, and can be the opinion of scholars related to the problems in this scientific paper is Legal Protection Against Informants Who Helped Police In Investigation. The conclusion of this research is the Regulation that regulate the legal protection of informants who assist the police in the investigation process is Law Number 13 Year 2006 concerning Protection of Witness and Victim namely Article 1 point 6 of the Law of Witness and Victim Protection is any effort to determine the right The right to provide assistance to provide a sense of security to witnesses and victims as well as informants that must be carried out by LPSK (Witness and Victim Protection Agency) or other institutions in accordance with the provisions of this law.Upaya legal protection of informants who assist the police in the process of investigation is now Has been issued Law no. Law No. 13 of 2006 concerning the protection of witnesses and victims, in the Law the forms of legal protection that can be given to witnesses or informants, among others by granting the right to the reporters provided for in Article 5 paragraph Keywords: Legal Protection, Informant, Police, Investigation

scholarly journals Pengesahan Akta Notaris Bagi Penghadap Yang Mengalami Cacat Fisik

Acta Comitas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Putu Swandewi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Disability ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Made In

The article 44 paragraph (1) of Law Number 2 of 2014 on the Amendment of the Law on the Position of Notary Public (hereinafter referred UUJN-P) provision a duty for the appearer to sign the notarial deed after having been read by the notary public, with the exception when the appearer is unable to put his or her signature then the appearer should mention the reason and it will be stated explicitly at the end part of the notarial deed. On the other hand, there is a difference in the arrangement of Article 16 paragraph (1) letter c of the UUJN-P namely the existence of an obligation that the notary public must affix the letters and documents as well as the fingerprint of the appearer on the minutes of the deed. The problem that arises is what if the appearer is illiterate, having handicapped or paralyzed hand so that he or she could not put his or her signature on the notarial deed, whether he or she is required to put his or her fingerprints on the minutes of the notarial deed as a form of his/her personal authentication on the notarial deed or as a form of his/her approval, weather the fingerprint can replace a signature, whereas what is meant by the fingerprint here also raises different interpretations. The study is a normative legal research, it is as a result of a vacuum of norm about the signing of notarial deed when the appearer have physical disabilities that he or she cannot sign a notarial deed and to perform validation on an authentic notarial deed that he/she made. In addition, there is a duty of the notary to affix the fingerprint of the appearer on the minutes of the notarial deed, whether this provision also applies to the appearer who cannot sign the notarial deed because of his/her disability. The materials used are the primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that the legal arrangements for the legalization of the notarial deed for the appearer who has a physical disability, especially in his or her hands, as well as the obligation to attach fingerprints on the minutes of the notarial deed has not been expressly stipulated in the Law Number 30 of 2004 (UUJN) and the UUJN-P. In particular to Article 44 paragraph (1), (2) and Article 16 Paragraph (1) c. that stipulate the appearer who has a physical disability condition can authenticate the notary deed, on condition that, the deed is eligible and conforms to the rules in Article 1320 of the Civil Code, Article 1868 of the Civil Code of the authentic deed and the Law Number 30 of 2004 of the Law on Notary Position in conjunction with the Law Number 2 of 2014 on the Amendment of the Law on the Position of Notary Public.

KEPEMILIKAN DAN PENGUASAAN OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA APABILA TERJADI SENGKETA WANPRESTASI DALAM PERJANJIAN KREDIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Dija Hedistira ◽  
' Pujiyono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

<p>Abstract<br />This article aims to analyze the ownership and mastery of a fiduciary collateral object, in cases that often occur today, many disputes between creditors and debtors in fiduciary collateral agreements are caused because creditors assume that with executive rights as fiduciary recipients, the fiduciary collateral object legally owned by creditors and creditors the right to take and sell fiduciary collateral objects when the debtor defaults unilaterally, as well as the debtor who considers that the fiduciary collateral object is owned by him because the object is registered on his name, so that the debtor can use the object free as  giving to a third party or selling the object of fiduciary guarantee unilaterally. the author uses a normative <br />juridical approach, and deductive analysis method based on the Civil Code and fiduciary law applicable in Indonesia, Law No. 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees. The conclusion of the discussion is the ownership of the object of the Fiduciary Guarantee is owned by the debtor in accordance with the Law, mastery of the object of collateral controlled by the debtor for economic benefits, the procedure of execution The object of Fiduciary Guarantee is carried out in accordance with the Fiduciary Guarantee Act, an alternative mediation in resolving the dispute. There needs to be clarity in the use of language in making a law, so as not to conflict with each other between Article one and the other Articles.<br />Keywords: Ownership; Mastery; Object of Fiduciary Guarantee; Debtor; Creditors.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tentang kepemilikan dan penguasaan suatu objek jaminan fidusia, dalam kasus yang saat ini sering terjadi, banyak sengketa antara kreditur dan debitur dalam perjanjian jaminan fidusia disebabkan karena kreditur beranggapan bahwa dengan adanya hak eksekutorial sebagai penerima fidusia, maka objek jaminan fidusia tersebut secara sah dimiliki oleh kreditur dan kreditur berhak mengambil dan menjual objek jaminan fidusia saat debitur cidera janji<br />(wanprestasi) secara sepihak, begitupun dengan debitur yang menganggap bahwa objek jaminan fidusia tersebut dimiliki olehnya karena objek tersebut terdaftar atas namannya, sehingga debitur dapat mempergunakan objek tersebut secara bebas seperti menyerahkan kepada pihak ketiga atau menjual objek jaminan fidusia tersebut secara sepihak. penulis menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, dan metode analisis deduktif yang didasarkan pada Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata<br />dan hukum jaminan fidusia yang berlaku di Indonesia, Undang-Undang No. 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia. Kesimpulan pembahasan adalah Kepemilikan Objek Jaminan Fidusia dimiliki oleh debitur sesuai Undang-undang, penguasaan objek jaminan dikuasai debitur untuk manfaat ekonomis, prosedur eksekusi Objek Jaminan Fidusia dilakukan sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Jaminan Fidusia, alternatif secara mediasi dalam menyelesaikan sengketa yang terjadi. Perlu ada kejelasan dalam<br />penggunaan bahasa pada pembuatan suatu Undang-Undang, agar tidak saling bertentangan antar Pasal satu dengan Pasal yang lainnya. <br />Kata Kunci: Kepemilikan; Penguasaan; Objek Jaminan Fidusia; Debitur; Kreditur.</p>

scholarly journals ABUSE OF THE RIGHT TO INITIATE BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS

2020 ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
В. В. Дутка
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Bankruptcy Procedure ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ordinary Citizens ◽  
Legal Entities

The relevance of the article is that society’s attitude to the bankruptcy procedure is ambiguous: ordinary citizens who have never been involved in bankruptcy proceedings often perceive it as a certain negative phenomenon that should be avoided and avoided. On the other hand, for many debtors, bankruptcy becomes the “lifeline” with which they can repay their claims to creditors and start financial life “from scratch”. At the same time, it should be noted that many debtors and creditors use the bankruptcy procedure not for the purposes provided by the legislator in the relevant legal norms, but to satisfy only their own interests, to the detriment of the interests of other parties to the case. In this regard, the study of the abuse of the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings becomes relevant. The article is devoted to the study of abuse of the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings. The purpose of the article is to study the abuse of the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings and highlight the author’s vision of this issue. According to the results of the study, the author concludes that the application to the debtor of bankruptcy procedures can be both good for the debtor and to the detriment of the interests of his creditors. Entities that could potentially abuse the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings are: creditors of the debtor – a legal entity, as well as debtors – legal entities, individuals and individuals – entrepreneurs. The fact of exemption of debtors from the court fee for filing an application to initiate bankruptcy proceedings is not only an unjustified luxury for our state, but also only contributes to the abuse of the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings by unscrupulous debtors. In order to reduce the number of cases of abuse of the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings, the author justifies the need to complicate the conditions for opening bankruptcy proceedings, for example, by returning the conditions provided by the Law of Ukraine “On Restoration of Debtor’s Solvency or Recognition of Debtor’s Bankruptcy”.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KREDITUR PEMEGANG HAK TANGGUNGAN TERHADAP SENGKETA AGUNAN YANG MENGAKIBATKAN BATALNYA PERJANJIAN KREDIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Fransisca Kusuma Aryani ◽  
Gunawan Djajaputra
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Party ◽  
District Court ◽  
Good People ◽  
Warning Letter ◽  
The Law ◽  
Debt Repayment ◽  
Credit Agreement

The process of granting credit with the guarantee of Mortgage Rights experienced many obstacles, one of which is the cancellation of credit agreement due to a lawsuit from a third party. Examples of problems that will researchers take is a case between PT PNM as creditor and Erlinawati as a debtor. Erlinawati applied for credit to PT PNM and pledged SHM No. 1716 without her husband's agreement, Bagus Satriya. As time went by, Erlinawati could not fulfill its obligations as stipulated in the credit agreement, and then PT PNM sent a warning letter to Erlinawati. Good people who know the land and buildings of his property are used as a direct guarantee to file a lawsuit to the Blora District Court. The Blora District Court ruled that credit agreements and Deed of Mortgage Rights (APHT) are invalid and null and void. So far the legal protection for debtors who have sued from the other party on the guarantee given by the creditor has not been regulated specially in the legislation. The law only regulates bad debts and debt repayment through the execution process stipulated in the Law on Banking and Insurance Rights Act. Legal protection that creditor can use when obtaining a lawsuit from a third party is by using the general guarantees provided for in Articles 1131 and 1132 of the Civil Code.

scholarly journals PROFIT AND LOSS SHARING IN THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT UNDER THE NEW ROMANIAN CIVIL CODE

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Veronica Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
The One ◽  
Profit Share

The new Romanian Civil Code regulations have reconfirmed the rule ofproportionality when speaking about profit and loss in a partnership agreement. Basically,the law does not require that the participation of partners in profit and loss be necessarilyproportional to their contribution to the society’s capital and the associates can evendetermine their share of benefits and losses. In case the associates establish by contract onlytheir share of benefits, then their contribution to losses will become proportional to theirprofit share. If the share of profit is not proportionally equal with the contribution, then thecontribution to debts will be proportional with the profit share and not with the contributionbrought to the capital.One must keep in mind as compulsory the condition that each partner shouldparticipate both in profit and loss sharing. On the one hand, a partner cannot reserve all thebenefit for himself only, while on the other hand the partners cannot decide that one orseveral of them are exempted from participating in loss sharing. Also, they cannot set aprovision by which a partner is excluded wither from profit sharing or from participation inloss, as this provision would be void ab initio.

scholarly journals El Tribunal Constitucional, un balance de cuarenta años // The Constitutional Court, a balance of forty years

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (101) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Marc Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional Interpretation ◽  
Institutional Prestige ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
Objective Meaning

Resumen:La previsión de la jurisdicción constitucional en la Constitución de 1978 ha sido un instrumento que ha reforzado su condición de norma jurídica. El indudable prestigio institucional del Tribunal Constitucional adquirido en los primeros años se ha visto reducido posteriormente por la influencia política en su composición y funcionamiento. La interpretación constitucional forma parte de la Teoría de la Constitución y los criterios hermenéuticos del empleados por el Tribunal han tenido una notable influencia en la jurisdicción ordinaria. Por otra parte, el sentido objetivo y las nuevas reglas sobre admisión del recurso individual (amparo), han permitido que el Tribunal pueda ejercer con mayor eficacia el juicio sobre la ley del Parlamento. Por otra parte, su función de garantía de losderechos fundamentales no puede ser concebida al margen del sistemaeuropeo de jurisdicción multinivel. Abstract:The provision of constitutional jurisdiction in the 1978 Constitution has been an instrument that has reinforced its status as a legal norm. The undoubted institutional prestige of the Constitutional Court acquired in the first years has been subsequently reduced by political influence on its composition and functioning. The constitutional interpretation forms part of the Theory of the Constitution and the hermeneutical criteria of the employees by the Court have had a notable influence in the ordinary jurisdiction. On the other hand, the objective meaning and the new rules on admission of the appeal for Constitutional rigth’s legal protection (amparo), has allowed the Court to exercise more effectively the judgment on the law of Parliament. On the other hand, its function of guaranteeing fundamental rights can not be conceived outside the European system of multilevel jurisdiction. Summary:1. The constitutional justice and the Constitutional Court. 2. The constitutional interpretation. 3. The control of constitutionality of the law. 4.-The objective meaning of the appeal for Constitutional rigth’s legal protection (amparo). 5. The conflicts of competences: the constitutional jurisdiction and the ordinary jurisdiction. 6. The sentence of the Constitutional Court and the Dissenting vote’s function. 

Współczesny kryzys migracyjny a uwarunkowania międzynarodowoprawne

2016 ◽  
pp. 67-98
Author(s):  
Przemysław Saganek
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

The text of Przemysław Saganek is a part of a wider discussion on the Mediterranean migration crisis. The author underlines the multi-aspect character of the crisis and the fact that several branches of international law which are at stake in it. They cover: the law on refugees, human rights, the law of the sea, the maritime law, the rules on territorial sovereignty and on the crossing of borders. What is of importance are customary norms, treaties and norms of the EU law. The idea of the author is to look at the instruments of international law which may act as incentive for hundreds of thousands of newcomers or as main obstacles for the states to put an end to uncontrolled inflow of people through their borders. His idea is to identify such instruments and start discussion on their possible suspension or termination if the crisis persists. The author comes to the conclusion that the definition of a refugee from the 1951 Geneva Conventionis not by itself a source of problems. The same concerns the subsidiary protection as introduced by the EU qualification directive. The same can be said about the scope of rights of persons covered by the international protection. The only element which requires discussion is the possible redefinition of the right to national treatment as regards the social aid. On the other hand, the scope of powers of states to defend their borders depends on the interpretation of the EU instruments on the protection of borders and the rights of applicants for international protection. The author comes to the conclusion that neither the procedural directive, nor the 2016 Schengen Border Code can be interpreted as a source of the right of an applicant to enter the territory of a Member State. On the other hand, the geographical conditions and the law of the sea make Greece and Italy the most vulnerable for the inflow of persons. The necessity of important changes to the law and its interpretation are referred to in a general way.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kreditor Terhadap Hapusnya Hak Atas Tanah yang Dibebani Hak Tanggungan

Acta Comitas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
I Dewa Gede Arie Kusumaningrat
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Credit Agreement ◽  
The Right

Credit distribution by banks is one effort that can be utilized by everyone to meet needs that are very diverse and always increasing. Credit distribution by banks is generally carried out in the presence of collateral to increase creditor trust. Credit distribution is a product that is profitable for the bank, but on the other hand there is a risk in lending due to the need for time from the lending phase to the repayment stage. Credit implementation does not always run smoothly, one of which is when the credit debtor becomes bogged down, plus the collateral of the debtor cannot be executed by the bank because the guarantee has been removed by a certain matter. The problem is how the legal protection for creditors against the abolition of land rights burdened with liability and how the debtor's responsibility due to the abolition of rights to land burdened with mortgage rights. Normative juridical research used in compiling this study is accompanied by the use of a legal approach (Statue approach), and a conceptual approach. There are two types of protection for creditors, namely preventive legal protection (prevention) and repressive legal protection (dispute resolution). The debtor is still obliged to pay off the debt even though the collateral with the right of liability has been removed. The credit agreement is a protection for creditors in the event of a dispute during the process of lending, then efforts can be made by the bank if there is a problem, namely by conducting a credit restructuring. Penyaluran kredit oleh bank merupakan salah satu upaya yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh setiap orang guna memenuhi kebutuhan yang sangat beraneka ragam dan selalu meningkat. Penyaluran kredit oleh bank pada umumnya dilakukan dengan keberadaan jaminan guna meningkatkan kepercayaan kreditor. Penyaluran kredit merupakan produk yang menguntungkan bagi bank, namun disisi lain terdapat resiko dalam penyaluran kredit tersebut yang dikarenakan diperlukannya waktu sejak tahap pemberian kredit sampai pada tahap pelunasan kredit. Pelaksaan kredit tidak selalu berjalan dengan lancar, salah satunya ketika debitor kreditnya menjadi macet, ditambah lagi jaminan debitor tidak bisa dieksekusi oleh bank karena jaminan telah hapus oleh suatu hal tertentu. Adapun yang menjadi masalah yakni bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi kreditor terhadap hapusnya hak atas tanah yang dibebani hak tanggungan dan bagaimana tanggung jawab debitor akibat hapusnya hak atas tanah yang dibebani hak tanggungan. Penelitian normatif digunakan dalam menyusun penelitian ini disertai penggunaan pendekatan perundang-undangan (Statue approach), dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Terdapat dua jenis perlindungan bagi kreditor yaitu perlindungan hukum preventif (pencegahan) serta perlindungan hukum represif (penyelesaian sengketa). Debitor tetap berkewajiban melunasi utangnya meskipun jaminan dengan hak tanggungan telah hapus. Perjanjian kredit menjadi perlindungan bagi kreditor dalam hal terjadinya sengketa selama proses penyaluran kredit, kemudian upaya yang dapat dilakukan bank apabila terjadi permasalahan yakni dengan melakukan restrukturisasi kredit.

scholarly journals A vagyoni értékű jogok apportálhatósága és az egységes szabályozás hiányának problematikája

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Zóra Zsófia Lehoczki
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Right

According to the new Hungarian Civil Code, the funders of the legal entities have to make contributions to the authorised capital and the two forms of these contributions are the contribution is cash and the contribution in kind. The regulation states that proprietary rights can also be transferred to the capital of businness accociations, by those funders, who are entitled to demise them. The judicial practice unanimously defined the rules in those cases, when the object of contribution in kind is a certain proprietary right, especially when the right is connected to the real estate. On the other hand, the Civil Code does not contain a list of those proprietary rights, which can be transferred to the authorised capital and unfortunately, different acts contain different lists of these rights. The three mentioned acts are the following: the personal income tax act, the act about the fees and the accounting act. All of them contain a list of proprietary rights and some of the items are regulated by all the three of them but most of the items are different, which means it is impossible to create an accurate list of these rights. For example, the list in the personal income tax act contains only five items, on the other hand, the accounting act contains two lists and both of them are unfinised. Because of the lack of unified rules, it is impossible to define which proprietary rights can become the objects of contribution in kind and this misfortunate situation causes a lot of unwanted indefinability and states a lot of questions. In my essay I introduce this problem and I use a chart to illustrate the differences between the mentioned lists. In my opinion, this problem could be solved with an unified list, which is normative for every regulation in connection with the proprietary rights or the Civil Code should contain a list of those proprietary rights, which can be the objects of contribution in kind.

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