Couples Facing Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 729-736
Author(s):  
Hoda Badr ◽  
Courtney Bitz
Keyword(s):  
Routine Care ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Psychosocial Adaptation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Care And Support

Cancer survivors experience significant physical, psychological, and social challenges that contribute to poor quality of life. Intimate partners provide critical care and support across the cancer continuum, but they report psychological distress, lack basic healthcare knowledge and skills, and experience increased tension and conflict in their relationships with survivors. Couple-based interventions hold great promise in cancer because they can simultaneously address survivor, partner, and relationship concerns. However, they are seldom implemented in healthcare settings as part of routine care. This chapter will therefore integrate what research has taught us about couples and cancer and what we have learned from couples in the clinical setting. We begin with an overview of challenges faced by couples across the cancer continuum, including biopsychosocial stressors. Next, we describe different perspectives that have shaped descriptive and intervention research on couples’ psychosocial adaptation to cancer. We conclude with clinical implications and directions for future research.

scholarly journals Systematic evidence review of rates and burden of harm of intravenous admixture drug preparation errors in healthcare settings

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e015912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Hedlund ◽  
Idal Beer ◽  
Torsten Hoppe-Tichy ◽  
Patricia Trbovich
Keyword(s):  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drug Preparation ◽  
Aseptic Technique ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Preparation Errors ◽  
Consistent Error ◽  
Error Types

ObjectiveTo examine published evidence on intravenous admixture preparation errors (IAPEs) in healthcare settings.MethodsSearches were conducted in three electronic databases (January 2005 to April 2017). Publications reporting rates of IAPEs and error types were reviewed and categorised into the following groups: component errors, dose/calculation errors, aseptic technique errors and composite errors. The methodological rigour of each study was assessed using the Hawker method.ResultsOf the 34 articles that met inclusion criteria, 28 reported the site of IAPEs: central pharmacies (n=8), nursing wards (n=14), both settings (n=4) and other sites (n=3). Using the Hawker criteria, 14% of the articles were of good quality, 74% were of fair quality and 12% were of poor quality. Error types and reported rates varied substantially, including wrong drug (~0% to 4.7%), wrong diluent solution (0% to 49.0%), wrong label (0% to 99.0%), wrong dose (0% to 32.6%), wrong concentration (0.3% to 88.6%), wrong diluent volume (0.06% to 49.0%) and inadequate aseptic technique (0% to 92.7%)%). Four studies directly compared incidence by preparation site and/or method, finding error incidence to be lower for doses prepared within a central pharmacy versus the nursing ward and lower for automated preparation versus manual preparation. Although eight studies (24%) reported ≥1 errors with the potential to cause patient harm, no study directly linked IAPE occurrences to specific adverse patient outcomes.ConclusionsThe available data suggest a need to continue to optimise the intravenous preparation process, focus on improving preparation workflow, design and implement preventive strategies, train staff on optimal admixture protocols and implement standardisation. Future research should focus on the development of consistent error subtype definitions, standardised reporting methodology and reliable, reproducible methods to track and link risk factors with the burden of harm associated with these errors.

scholarly journals Enriching limited information on rare diseases from heterogeneous networks for drug repositioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (S9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongkui Cao ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Bo Jin ◽  
Shicheng Cheng ◽  
Xiaopeng Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Disease ◽  
Heterogeneous Networks ◽  
Drug Repositioning ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Protein Molecule ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Biased Random Walk

Abstract Background The historical data of rare disease is very scarce in reality, so how to perform drug repositioning for the rare disease is a great challenge. Most existing methods of drug repositioning for the rare disease usually neglect father–son information, so it is extremely difficult to predict drugs for the rare disease. Method In this paper, we focus on father–son information mining for the rare disease. We propose GRU-Cooperation-Attention-Network (GCAN) to predict drugs for the rare disease. We construct two heterogeneous networks for information enhancement, one network contains the father-nodes of the rare disease and the other network contains the son-nodes information. To bridge two heterogeneous networks, we set a mapping to connect them. What’s more, we use the biased random walk mechanism to collect the information smoothly from two heterogeneous networks, and employ a cooperation attention mechanism to enhance repositioning ability of the network. Result Comparing with traditional methods, GCAN makes full use of father–son information. The experimental results on real drug data from hospitals show that GCAN outperforms state-of-the-art machine learning methods for drug repositioning. Conclusion The performance of GCAN for drug repositioning is mainly limited by the insufficient scale and poor quality of the data. In future research work, we will focus on how to utilize more data such as drug molecule information and protein molecule information for the drug repositioning of the rare disease.

An Overview on Adult Acne, Its Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Treatment and Scope in Homoeopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 291-299
Author(s):  
Rashmi Sharma ◽  
Deepti Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
High Prevalence

AbstractAdult acne is defined as a presence of acne beyond the age of 25 years. Two main subtypes can be identified: persistent acne and late-onset acne (beginning after the age of 25 years), which are responsible for 80 and 20% of cases, respectively. Women have a high prevalence and incidence when compared with men. Hyperandrogenism is the main aetiology associated with acne in this age group. Stress-related worsening of acne is a common complaint. Due to the visibility of acne, it is known to have psychosocial impact that can influence person's perceptions regarding their self-appearance, resulting in poor quality of life. Adult acne is often refractory to treatment as older skin presents increased irritancy to topical applications and has potential for bacterial resistance. Treatment failures with antibiotics occur in up to 80% of adult women. Antiandrogens are associated with the risk of feminisation of male foetus, hepatotoxicity, hyperkalaemia etc. Isotretinoin which is given in severe cases is proved to be potent teratogen. In this backdrop, there has been a need for gentle and effective way of treatment, and homoeopathy has the answer. Homoeopathy has a holistic approach having the general acceptance and compliance amongst masses; it has been considered safe in pregnancy and during lactation period. Further, no bacterial resistance develops after prolonged use of homoeopathic medicines. Earlier studies conducted signify the action of homoeopathic medicines in the treatment of adolescent acne with effective results. Not many studies have focused or conducted on the adult acne. This review suggests conducting the future research studies on adult acne through homoeopathic medicine.

scholarly journals Evaluating the quality of educational materials about schizophrenia

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Currie ◽  
P. Di Mambro ◽  
A. Joice ◽  
R. Mcglip ◽  
M. O'Neill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Educational Package ◽  
Rating Instrument ◽  
Materials Used

Aims and MethodTo identify and evaluate the reliability and quality of educational materials provided to individuals with schizophrenia and their carers. Materials used by mental health professionals working in community and in-patient settings were collated. Two independent raters used the ‘Discern’ questionnaire to assess the publications.ResultsFifteen documents were identified, but only 11 were suitable for evaluation. Interrater reliability of ratings using the Discern tool was highly significant. No educational package scored maximum marks, but four scored in the good quality range. About a fifth of the materials in widespread use were assessed as of poor quality.Clinical ImplicationsThe use of a rating instrument to assess the quality of educational publications appears to be a reliable and acceptable way to identify the strengths and weaknesses of widely available materials. Staff can use these data to assess the quality of their preferred materials against other publications and make an informed selection.

scholarly journals Vitamin K Dependent Proteins in Kidney Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciprian Silaghi ◽  
Tamás Ilyés ◽  
Vladimir Filip ◽  
Marius Farcaș ◽  
Adriana van Ballegooijen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Matrix Gla Protein ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Calcification Inhibitors

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased risk of developing vascular calcifications, as well as bone dynamics impairment, leading to a poor quality of life and increased mortality. Certain vitamin K dependent proteins (VKDPs) act mainly as calcification inhibitors, but their involvement in the onset and progression of CKD are not completely elucidated. This review is an update of the current state of knowledge about the relationship between CKD and four extrahepatic VKDPs: matrix Gla protein, osteocalcin, growth-arrest specific protein 6 and Gla-rich protein. Based on published literature in the last ten years, the purpose of this review is to address fundamental aspects about the link between CKD and circulating VKDPs levels as well as to raise new topics about how the interplay between molecular weight and charge could influence the modifications of circulating VKDPs at the glomerular level, or whether distinct renal etiologies have effect on VKDPs. This review is the output of a systematic literature search and may open future research avenues in this niche domain.

scholarly journals The Role of Fatigue in the Aging Swallow: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Danielle Brates ◽  
◽  
Michelle S. Troche ◽  
Sonja M. Molfenter ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Mealtime Behavior ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Patient Performance

Fatigue is a term commonly used to describe patient performance and/or subjective experience in the evaluation and management of swallowing disorders (known as dysphagia). There is an association between fatigue and aging, as well as fatigue and many dysphagia-causing diseases/disorders. Therefore, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are justifiably aware of and concerned about the potential impact of fatigue on swallowing performance and mealtime behavior. However, there is minimal agreement on and understanding of what constitutes swallowing-related fatigue, how it is identified and measured, who is at risk, and its impact on swallowing function, overall health, and quality of life. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of fatigue in swallowing and eating behavior in the context of aging, and how fatigue may be measured and managed clinically. We review the concept of fatigue and its clinical implications for swallowing function and mealtime behavior through the dichotomous framework of self-perceived fatigue versus measurable fatigability. Quantitative fatigability and patient-reported fatigue are discussed. We conclude with implications for future research.

Healthcare experiences of a Black lesbian in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofa L Ejaife ◽  
Ivy K Ho
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Healthcare Experiences ◽  
Black Lesbian ◽  
And Bisexual

Little is known about the healthcare experiences of Black lesbian and bisexual women. This exploratory study examined the healthcare experiences of a 24-year-old Black lesbian and the interconnection between race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual identity in her lived experiences. Data were gathered through an in-depth audio-recorded interview. Findings revealed the risks of and barriers to self-disclosure in healthcare settings, factors that influence the quality of the patient–provider relationship, and the positive and negative healthcare experiences of this Black American lesbian. This study is an important first step in exploring the healthcare experiences of Black lesbian and bisexual women. The findings of this case study highlight themes and avenues for future research. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Quality of Life for Patients Detained in Hospital

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy W. Coid
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Uk

The quality of life of detained patients has not received adequate attention despite the responsibilities placed on hospital staff and the special problems faced by these patients. Legal principles to ensure quality of life have not been formalised, and the acceptable standards that a patient can expect have not been tested in the UK courts. Contemporary models of ensuring quality are being imposed with increasing pressure on health care professionals, but high-quality management has sometimes lagged behind. This has led to a poor quality of life for certain patients. It is important for future research to overcome difficulties in developing objective measurements and set the appropriate standards of quality of life that detained patients should expect. This would provide a basis against which both appropriate standards of care and the necessary resource allocation could be measured.

scholarly journals Negative effects in psychotherapy: commentary and recommendations for future research and clinical practice

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Rozental ◽  
Louis Castonguay ◽  
Sona Dimidjian ◽  
Michael Lambert ◽  
Roz Shafran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Distress ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Future Research Directions

BackgroundPsychotherapy can alleviate mental distress and improve quality of life, but little is known about its potential negative effects and how to determine their frequency.AimsTo present a commentary on the current understanding and future research directions of negative effects in psychotherapy.MethodAn anonymous survey was distributed to a select group of researchers, using an analytical framework known as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.ResultsThe researchers perceive an increased awareness of negative effects in psychotherapy in recent years, but also discuss some of the unresolved issues in relation to their definition, assessment and reporting. Qualitative methods and naturalistic designs are regarded as important to pursue, although a number of obstacles to using such methods are identified.ConclusionNegative effects of psychotherapy are multifaceted, warranting careful considerations in order for them to be monitored and reported in research settings and routine care.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Depression after Stroke in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akin Ojagbemi ◽  
Onoja Akpa ◽  
Fisayo Elugbadebo ◽  
Mayowa Owolabi ◽  
Bruce Ovbiagele
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Sub Saharan

Objective. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and characteristics of poststroke depression (PSD) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods. We searched Medline, PsycINFO, and African Journals OnLine using keywords for stroke and depression and the .mp. operator for all 54 SSA countries/regions. Further information was retrieved through a manual search of references from relevant published and unpublished articles. We included only peer-reviewed original studies with epidemiological or experimental designs, conducted random-effect meta-analysis, and identified the most commonly associated factors by weight (inverse of variance method). Results. Seventeen studies, comprising 1483 stroke survivors, met the criteria for syntheses. The pooled frequency of clinically diagnosed PSD was 31% (95% CI = 26%–36%), versus 13.9% in healthy control pairs. Prevalence did not vary much across healthcare settings but was affected by methods of depression ascertainment. PSD was significantly associated with low education, cognitive impairment, physical disability, poor quality of life, and divorced marital status. Conclusion. Almost 1 in 3 individuals with stroke in SSA has clinical depression. Despite limitations around quality of identified studies, results of the present systematic review overlap with findings in the global literature and highlight useful targets for the design and trial of tailored intervention for PSD in SSA.

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