Depression as a Neuroinflammatory Condition
Depressive disorder is a multifactorial and complex disease, the etiology of which is not well understood. However, the role of dysregulation of the immune system in the pathogenesis of the disease has been established. Emerging research suggests the regulation of neurogenesis as a biological mechanism involved in the relationship between immune activation and depression. Neurogenesis is a complex process through which new neurons are generated from neural stem cells in distinct areas in the brain, including the hippocampus, a region well known for its role in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Inflammatory molecules, known as cytokines, are recognized to modulate distinct neurogenic pathways, which might be one of the mechanisms activated by the immune system and potentially involved in the development of psychiatric disorders such as depression.