Diabetes

2018 ◽  
pp. 339-352
Author(s):  
Maria Flynn ◽  
Dave Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Health Condition ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Specialist Nurses ◽  
General Nurse

Diabetes is recognized as a significant, and increasing, long-term health condition. General adult nurses may encounter people with diabetes in a variety of circumstances and settings, but many people manage their own condition in the community, supported by specialist nurses. This chapter outlines key facts relating to diabetes, likely to be of relevance to the general nurse. These include the different types of diabetes, their symptoms and treatments, and diabetic emergencies. A summary of clinical investigations in diabetes is also presented, along with a summary table of medications frequently used to treat the condition. Key nursing considerations for working with people newly diagnosed or living with diabetes are outlined.

Respiratory conditions

2018 ◽  
pp. 165-194
Author(s):  
Maria Flynn ◽  
Dave Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Specialist Nurses ◽  
Respiratory Conditions ◽  
Short Section

Respiratory conditions can be an acute health problem or a long-term and debilitating health condition. They are common in the adult population, and many aspects of respiratory care are carried out by advanced practitioners and specialist nurses. General adult nurses are likely to encounter people with respiratory disease across all care settings. This chapter outlines key facts about respiratory disease which are likely to be useful to the general nurse. These include an overview of acute and chronic respiratory conditions and a summary of associated clinical investigations and treatment approaches, including a section on oxygen therapy. The chapter also has a short section on key facts related to surgical interventions. Key nursing considerations for working with people with respiratory disease, in hospital and at home, are outlined, and an overview of frequently prescribed medicines is presented in a summary table.

Cardiovascular conditions

2018 ◽  
pp. 195-234
Author(s):  
Maria Flynn ◽  
Dave Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Specialist Nurses ◽  
Short Section ◽  
Significant Health

Cardiovascular disease is a growing, and significant, health condition. It is often associated with other long-term health disorders and affects a large proportion of the adult population. Whilst much of cardiac care is carried out by advanced and specialist nurses, general adult nurses are likely to encounter people with cardiovascular conditions across acute, community, and end-of-life care settings. This chapter outlines key facts about cardiovascular disease which are likely to be useful to the general nurse. These include an overview of cardiac conditions and their treatments, and a summary of associated clinical investigations. The chapter also includes a short section on key facts related to cardiovascular surgery. Important nursing considerations when working with people with cardiovascular conditions are outlined, and an overview of frequently prescribed medicines is presented in a summary table.

Musculoskeletal conditions

2018 ◽  
pp. 353-396
Author(s):  
Maria Flynn ◽  
Dave Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Prescribed Medicines ◽  
The Many

The skeleton, skeletal muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments function to protect the body’s internal organs and facilitate movement and mobility. Disorders of the musculoskeletal system will often be the result of trauma or long-term degenerative conditions, which can affect people of any age, although older people are at increased risk. Many people with musculoskeletal conditions will be treated by specialist orthopaedic and rheumatology services, but general adult nurses will come into contact with many people who are suffering from a range of musculoskeletal disorders. Whether these are muscle sprains, people living with long-term arthritic conditions, or those who have suffered a potentially life-threatening traumatic injury, all will have some degree of compromised movement. It is important that general adult nurses can work with people to help restore function and reduce risk from the many complications which can arise from immobility or disability. This chapter outlines key facts about musculoskeletal conditions which are likely to be useful to the general nurse, alongside clinical investigations, and key nursing considerations. A summary table of frequently prescribed medicines is also presented.

Gastrointestinal conditions

2018 ◽  
pp. 277-312
Author(s):  
Maria Flynn ◽  
Dave Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Health Conditions ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Community People ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complaints ◽  
Prescribed Medicines ◽  
Specialist Nurses

Gastrointestinal complaints range from mild and transient disorders, through to life-threatening diseases. People with disorders of the gastrointestinal system may be encountered in both hospital and community settings. In the community, people with long-term or other acute health conditions may experience disturbances in their eating patterns or bowel habits, and within the hospital, people having treatment for other diagnosed conditions may develop associated gastrointestinal disorders. People with severe gastrointestinal conditions will often be cared for by specialist nurses, but general adult nurses will encounter people with gastrointestinal disorders in all areas of clinical practice, either as a primary complaint or as a secondary complication of other illnesses or treatments. This chapter outlines key facts about gastrointestinal conditions which are likely to be useful to the general nurse and describes key nursing considerations for working with people with these disorders. An overview of frequently prescribed medicines for gastrointestinal conditions is presented in a summary table.

The Acute Effect of Alcohol on Various Memory Processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Molnár ◽  
Roland Boha ◽  
Balázs Czigler ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Legal Consequences

This review surveys relevant and recent data of the pertinent literature regarding the acute effect of alcohol on various kinds of memory processes with special emphasis on working memory. The characteristics of different types of long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) processes are summarized with an attempt to relate these to various structures in the brain. LTM is typically impaired by chronic alcohol intake but according to some data a single dose of ethanol may have long lasting effects if administered at a critically important age. The most commonly seen deleterious acute effect of alcohol to STM appears following large doses of ethanol in conditions of “binge drinking” causing the “blackout” phenomenon. However, with the application of various techniques and well-structured behavioral paradigms it is possible to detect, albeit occasionally, subtle changes of cognitive processes even as a result of a low dose of alcohol. These data may be important for the consideration of legal consequences of low-dose ethanol intake in conditions such as driving, etc.

Effect of sleep on memory for binding different types of visual information

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Shaw ◽  
Zhisen Urgolites ◽  
Padraic Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

Visual long-term memory has a large and detailed storage capacity for individual scenes, objects, and actions. However, memory for combinations of actions and scenes is poorer, suggesting difficulty in binding this information together. Sleep can enhance declarative memory of information, but whether sleep can also boost memory for binding information and whether the effect is general across different types of information is not yet known. Experiments 1 to 3 tested effects of sleep on binding actions and scenes, and Experiments 4 and 5 tested binding of objects and scenes. Participants viewed composites and were tested 12-hours later after a delay consisting of sleep (9pm-9am) or wake (9am-9pm), on an alternative forced choice recognition task. For action-scene composites, memory was relatively poor with no significant effect of sleep. For object-scene composites sleep did improve memory. Sleep can promote binding in memory, depending on the type of information to be combined.

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