Cardiovascular conditions

2018 ◽  
pp. 195-234
Author(s):  
Maria Flynn ◽  
Dave Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Specialist Nurses ◽  
Short Section ◽  
Significant Health

Cardiovascular disease is a growing, and significant, health condition. It is often associated with other long-term health disorders and affects a large proportion of the adult population. Whilst much of cardiac care is carried out by advanced and specialist nurses, general adult nurses are likely to encounter people with cardiovascular conditions across acute, community, and end-of-life care settings. This chapter outlines key facts about cardiovascular disease which are likely to be useful to the general nurse. These include an overview of cardiac conditions and their treatments, and a summary of associated clinical investigations. The chapter also includes a short section on key facts related to cardiovascular surgery. Important nursing considerations when working with people with cardiovascular conditions are outlined, and an overview of frequently prescribed medicines is presented in a summary table.

Respiratory conditions

2018 ◽  
pp. 165-194
Author(s):  
Maria Flynn ◽  
Dave Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Specialist Nurses ◽  
Respiratory Conditions ◽  
Short Section

Respiratory conditions can be an acute health problem or a long-term and debilitating health condition. They are common in the adult population, and many aspects of respiratory care are carried out by advanced practitioners and specialist nurses. General adult nurses are likely to encounter people with respiratory disease across all care settings. This chapter outlines key facts about respiratory disease which are likely to be useful to the general nurse. These include an overview of acute and chronic respiratory conditions and a summary of associated clinical investigations and treatment approaches, including a section on oxygen therapy. The chapter also has a short section on key facts related to surgical interventions. Key nursing considerations for working with people with respiratory disease, in hospital and at home, are outlined, and an overview of frequently prescribed medicines is presented in a summary table.

Diabetes

2018 ◽  
pp. 339-352
Author(s):  
Maria Flynn ◽  
Dave Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Health Condition ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Specialist Nurses ◽  
General Nurse

Diabetes is recognized as a significant, and increasing, long-term health condition. General adult nurses may encounter people with diabetes in a variety of circumstances and settings, but many people manage their own condition in the community, supported by specialist nurses. This chapter outlines key facts relating to diabetes, likely to be of relevance to the general nurse. These include the different types of diabetes, their symptoms and treatments, and diabetic emergencies. A summary of clinical investigations in diabetes is also presented, along with a summary table of medications frequently used to treat the condition. Key nursing considerations for working with people newly diagnosed or living with diabetes are outlined.

Musculoskeletal conditions

2018 ◽  
pp. 353-396
Author(s):  
Maria Flynn ◽  
Dave Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Prescribed Medicines ◽  
The Many

The skeleton, skeletal muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments function to protect the body’s internal organs and facilitate movement and mobility. Disorders of the musculoskeletal system will often be the result of trauma or long-term degenerative conditions, which can affect people of any age, although older people are at increased risk. Many people with musculoskeletal conditions will be treated by specialist orthopaedic and rheumatology services, but general adult nurses will come into contact with many people who are suffering from a range of musculoskeletal disorders. Whether these are muscle sprains, people living with long-term arthritic conditions, or those who have suffered a potentially life-threatening traumatic injury, all will have some degree of compromised movement. It is important that general adult nurses can work with people to help restore function and reduce risk from the many complications which can arise from immobility or disability. This chapter outlines key facts about musculoskeletal conditions which are likely to be useful to the general nurse, alongside clinical investigations, and key nursing considerations. A summary table of frequently prescribed medicines is also presented.

scholarly journals Mortality Phenomenon Analysis on Adult Population Under the Influence of Economic Factors in European Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Toma Claudia-Andreea ◽  
Cristina Burlacioiu
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Economic Development ◽  
Global Indicator

Abstract The mortality rate is a global indicator that reflects the standard of living and the population health condition, but also a variable that shows the social-economic development of a society. This paper proposes the investigation of some economic conditions and their influence on mortality by literature reviewing and also through a statistic analysis based on 28 European Union countries. In order to study the tendencies of this phenomenon, it was analyzed the influence of some economic factors like the GDP per capita, income discrepancies, inflation rate, budget deficit and also the “snowball” effect for 16 years (from 2000 to 2016) using a panel regression model with fixed effects. The resulted regression model captures the major changes on a long term of mortality rate trend for the population aged 15 and 65 years.

Gastrointestinal conditions

2018 ◽  
pp. 277-312
Author(s):  
Maria Flynn ◽  
Dave Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Health Conditions ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Community People ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complaints ◽  
Prescribed Medicines ◽  
Specialist Nurses

Gastrointestinal complaints range from mild and transient disorders, through to life-threatening diseases. People with disorders of the gastrointestinal system may be encountered in both hospital and community settings. In the community, people with long-term or other acute health conditions may experience disturbances in their eating patterns or bowel habits, and within the hospital, people having treatment for other diagnosed conditions may develop associated gastrointestinal disorders. People with severe gastrointestinal conditions will often be cared for by specialist nurses, but general adult nurses will encounter people with gastrointestinal disorders in all areas of clinical practice, either as a primary complaint or as a secondary complication of other illnesses or treatments. This chapter outlines key facts about gastrointestinal conditions which are likely to be useful to the general nurse and describes key nursing considerations for working with people with these disorders. An overview of frequently prescribed medicines for gastrointestinal conditions is presented in a summary table.

scholarly journals A Similar Lifetime CV Risk and a Similar Cardiometabolic Profile in the Moderate and High Cardiovascular Risk Populations: A Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1584
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Chlabicz ◽  
Jacek Jamiołkowski ◽  
Wojciech Łaguna ◽  
Paweł Sowa ◽  
Marlena Paniczko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Perspective Model ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology ◽  
Cardiometabolic Profile

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major, worldwide problem that remains the dominant cause of premature mortality in the world, and increasing rates of dysglycaemia are a major contributor to its development. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiometabolic profile among patients in particular cardiovascular risk classes, and to estimate their long term CV risk. Methods: A total of 931 individuals aged 20–79 were included. The study population was divided into CV risk classes according to the latest European Society of Cardiology recommendations. Results: Most of the analyzed anthropometric, body composition and laboratory parameters did not differ between the moderate and high CV risk participants. Interestingly, estimating the lifetime risk of myocardial infarction, stroke or CV death, using the LIFEtime-perspective model for individualizing CardioVascular Disease prevention strategies in apparently healthy people, yielded similar results in moderate and high CV risk classes. Conclusion: The participants who belonged to moderate and high CV risk classes had very similar unfavorable cardiometabolic profiles, which may result in similar lifetime CV risk. This may imply the need for more aggressive pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of CV risk factors in the moderate CV risk population, who are often unaware of their situation. New prospective population studies are necessary to establish the true cardiovascular risk profiles in a changing society.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Clinician Adherence to USPSTF Diabetes Screening Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110165
Author(s):  
Elaine Seaton Banerjee ◽  
Kyle Shaak ◽  
Nicole Burgess ◽  
Melanie Johnson ◽  
Beth Careyva
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Diabetes Screening ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Missed Diagnosis ◽  
Significant Health

Introduction/Objectives: Diabetes and prediabetes impact nearly half of the US adult population and are associated with significant health risks but may be underdiagnosed. Effective screening may improve diagnosis and give patients opportunity to manage their disease. The purpose of this study was to determine screening rates, identify characteristics predictive of screening, and evaluate correct diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 71 433 patients eligible for diabetes screening, defined by completing A1c test within the 3-year study period. Results: A total of 31.3% of eligible patients received diabetes screening. Factors associated with screening include older age, female sex, non-white race, Hispanic ethnicity, Medicare or Medicaid insurance, higher BMI, and having a medical comorbidity. History of prediabetes or gestational diabetes were the strongest predictors for diabetes screening, but history of gestational diabetes was under-documented. Of those screened, 10.4% had a result consistent with diabetes and 51.8% had a result consistent with prediabetes. However, 52.9% of these patients had a missed diagnosis. Conclusions: Findings of this study indicate the need for uniform coverage for diabetes screening for all insurances, increased documentation of gestational diabetes to improve screening for patients with this history, and improving accurate diagnosis after screening is completed.

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