Cardiovascular Computed Tomography

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Reference Guide ◽  
Hands On ◽  
International Experts ◽  
Cardiovascular Ct

Recent years have seen a marked increase in cardiovascular computed tomography (CT) imaging, with the technique now integrated into many imaging guidelines, including those published by NICE. Rapid clinical and technological progress has created a need for guidance on the practical aspects of CT image acquisition, analysis, and interpretation. The Oxford Specialist Handbook of Cardiovascular CT, now revised for the second edition by practising international experts with many years of hands-on experience, is designed to fulfil this need. The handbook is a practical guide on performing, analysing, and interpreting cardiovascular CT scans, covering all aspects from patient safety to optimal image acquisition to differential diagnoses of tricky images. The format is designed to be accessible and is laid out in easy to navigate sections. It is meant as a quick-reference guide, to live near the CT scanner, workstation, or on the office shelf.

scholarly journals Assessment of Masseter Muscle Thickness in OSMF Patients - A Computed Tomography Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (52) ◽  
pp. 3176-3179
Author(s):  
Choubarga Naik ◽  
Bimal Krishna Panda ◽  
Anisha Avijeeta ◽  
Barnanshu Pattnaik ◽  
Subha Soumya Dany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Masseter Muscle ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Medical College

BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is the most common precancerous lesion, prevalent mostly in South East Asia. The habit of betel nut or gutkha chewing is the main cause for this. There is a direct association between gutkha chewing habit and development of OSMF, the reason being exaggerated forces on the masseter muscle due to vigorous chewing for prolonged period of time. So, the present study was done to evaluate the thickness of masseter muscle in OSMF patients. METHODS A total of 25 subjects were included in the study from January 2015 to December 2017. 25 OSMF patients belonging to the age group of 25-50 years who attended the outpatient department of Veer Surendra Sai Medical College and Hospital, Burla, with masseteric hypertrophy and betelnut or gutkha chewing habit for more than 5 years, were included in the study. The computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained using Siemens Somatom Sensation 4-slice CT scanner. During the scanning period, the patients were asked to keep their mouth gently closed and relaxed. Axial sections of the CT scans were assessed for masseter muscles. The thickness of the muscle was calculated using image-analysing software and the measurements made were in millimeter (mm). Tabulation was done and statistical analysis was done using Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The thickness of masseter muscle of right side was found to be more than the left side in all patients except for one patient and the outcome was statistically significant with one tailed p value < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS The duration and frequency of the habit were found to be directly proportional to masseter muscle thickness and also with the clinical progression of the disease. Similarly, we also concluded from our study that there exists an association of masseter muscle hypertrophy with OSMF, and CT scan meas KEYWORDS OSMF, Masseter Muscle, CT Scan

Historical development of cardiovascular CT

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Current State ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
Cardiovascular Ct

The use of X-ray computed tomography (CT) to image the heart has increased exponentially over the last decade. This ↑ is largely the result of technological improvements that have rendered cardiac images less susceptible to artefacts arising from cardiac motion and at significantly reduced radiation doses. However, these artefacts have not been abolished entirely. The ability to reliably acquire low-dose, high-quality cardiovascular CT (CCT) datasets is predicated in part on an understanding of the hardware and software used to generate them, which in turn may be better understood by reviewing briefly the development of the CT scanner from initial models to the current state-of-the-art equipment. This chapter describes the historical developments in the field.

In situ identification of Action 4, SECA and QD-PEP bullets from special police ammunitions by computed tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Gascho ◽  
Niklaus Zoelch ◽  
Eva Deininger-Czermak ◽  
Carlo Tappero ◽  
Henning Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Individual

Introduction Special deformation bullets were developed for police forces to achieve a defined penetration depth (avoiding over-penetration) and a controlled energy transfer (avoiding collateral damage). This article focuses on Action 4, SECA and QD-PEP bullets. These 9 mm bullets were specially designed for controlled deformation. The characteristic slight mushrooming with a front cross-section of approximately 11.5 mm after entering a ballistic simulant was verified in ballistic tests. To achieve such slight mushrooming, the projectile’s core is hollowed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of visualising the hollowed cores of Action 4, SECA and QD-PEP bullets using a standard clinical computed tomography (CT) scanner for non-invasive identification of these special bullets from police ammunitions. Methods First, undeformed specimens were scanned to reveal the shape of the hollowed core of each type of special bullet. Second, Action 4, SECA and QD-PEP bullets were fired towards animal cadaver models to visualise their hollow core after deformation inside biological tissue. Third, two reviewers were tasked with identifying special bullets from police ammunition (Action 4 bullets: n = 3) among 10 CT examinations of humans with lodged projectiles who were selected by the supervisor of the study. Results The CT scans of the undeformed specimens revealed the special design of the bullets’ metal core. All special bullets from police ammunitions that were fired towards an animal cadaver model demonstrated the characteristic slight mushrooming. In accordance with the CT scans of the undeformed bullets, visualisation of the individual internal cavities of the special bullets allowed the Action 4, SECA and QD-PEP bullets to be clearly distinguished. With regard to the real forensic cases, both reviewers clearly identified each of the three Action 4 bullets among all other lodged projectiles. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying Action 4, SECA and QD-PEP bullets from special police ammunitions by CT. The individual shapes of the cavity inside the bullets were clearly visible on CT. In situ identification of these bullets can aid in the assessment of injuries, and since these bullets are fabricated from non-ferromagnetic metals, their clear identification allows for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without the risk of bullet movement inside the body due to the magnetic pull of the MRI unit. Furthermore, this approach could be of great interest to forensic investigators if patients who received gunshot wounds underwent non-operative treatments and the projectile remains in the body. Since the use of CT is also increasing for medico-legal post-mortem examinations, the identification of lodged projectiles is of interest for a virtual autopsy or ‘Virtopsy’.

Simple Plastic Stereotactic Unit for Use in the Computed Tomographic Scanner

Neurosurgery ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Stereotactic Surgery ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Great Exposure ◽  
Stereotactic Device ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The marriage of computed tomography (CT) and stereotactic surgery offers an opportunity to provide sophisticated and effective treatment to discrete areas of the brain. An important part of this capability is the development of stereotactic frames that are compatible with the CT scanner, i.e., that do not degrade the CT image. A number of technically elegant and ingenious stereotactic frames have been reported. However, they have the drawback of technical complexity and, particularly, great exposure. We are reporting a simple ball and socket skull-mounted stereotactic device that allows solid fixation of probes for use in brain needle biopsies, ventricular catheterization, and similar activities.

Rapid Prototyping for Treatment of Cranial Reconstruction Surgery

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Ya Dong Chen ◽  
Hu Li ◽  
Wen Zheng Wu ◽  
Wan Shan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Biomedical Model ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Reconstruction Surgery ◽  
Solid Models ◽  
Short Period

Design methods for medical rapid prototyping (RP) of personalized cranioplasty implants are presented in this paper. RP offers an easier way to design customized implants and manufacture them within a very short period. Computed tomography (CT) scans were acquired on a General Electric CT scanner and converted to solid models using Mimics software from Materialise. Stereo lithography patterns were prototyped using Objet build style on a Eden 250.The models helped the surgeons plan and rehearse the surgery well in advance. RP biomedical model is greatly convenient to diagnosis and treatment planning. It could decrease the operation time and the risk of misinterpretation of the medical problem. A physical biomedical model also facilitates surgery planning and makes the rehearsal and simulation of the operation possibly.

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BONE STRUCTURES ON CT-SCANS OF PATIENTS WITH SINONASAL INVERTED PAPILLOMAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-595
Author(s):  
Arkadiy Naumenko ◽  
Kseniya Sapova ◽  
Oleg Konoplev ◽  
Svetlana Astashchenko ◽  
Igor Chernushevich
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Inverted Papilloma ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Precise Localization ◽  
Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma ◽  
Bone Structures ◽  
Inverted Papillomas

Precise localization and excision of the originating site of a sinonasal inverted papilloma is essential for decreasing tumor recurrence. In this study we evaluated the use of preoperative computed tomography (CT) to pinpoint the attachment/origi-nating sites of the tumor.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Imaging in Simulated Ongoing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: No Need to Switch Off the Chest Compression Device during Image Acquisition

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Jessica Graef ◽  
Bernd A. Leidel ◽  
Keno K. Bressem ◽  
Janis L. Vahldiek ◽  
Bernd Hamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Chest Compression ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Ct Protocol ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Reconstruction Time

Computed tomography (CT) represents the current standard for imaging of patients with acute life-threatening diseases. As some patients present with circulatory arrest, they require cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Automated chest compression devices are used to continue resuscitation during CT examinations, but tend to cause motion artifacts degrading diagnostic evaluation of the chest. The aim was to investigate and evaluate a CT protocol for motion-free imaging of thoracic structures during ongoing mechanical resuscitation. The standard CT trauma protocol and a CT protocol with ECG triggering using a simulated ECG were applied in an experimental setup to examine a compressible thorax phantom during resuscitation with two different compression devices. Twenty-eight phantom examinations were performed, 14 with AutoPulse® and 14 with corpuls cpr®. With each device, seven CT examinations were carried out with ECG triggering and seven without. Image quality improved significantly applying the ECG-triggered protocol (p < 0.001), which allowed almost artifact-free chest evaluation. With the investigated protocol, radiation exposure was 5.09% higher (15.51 mSv vs. 14.76 mSv), and average reconstruction time of CT scans increased from 45 to 76 s. Image acquisition using the proposed CT protocol prevents thoracic motion artifacts and facilitates diagnosis of acute life-threatening conditions during continuous automated chest compression.

scholarly journals Metacarpal Bony Dimensions Related to Headless Compression Screw Sizes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S39-S44
Author(s):  
Michael Okoli ◽  
Kevin Lutsky ◽  
Michael Rivlin ◽  
Brian Katt ◽  
Pedro Beredjiklian
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Fracture Fixation ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Compression Screw ◽  
Metacarpal Head ◽  
Headless Compression Screw ◽  
Metacarpal Bones ◽  
Headless Compression Screws ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Distal Aspect

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study is to determine the radiographic dimensions of the finger metacarpals and to compare these measurements with headless compression screws commonly used for fracture fixation. Materials and Methods We analyzed computed tomography (CT) scans of the index, long, ring, and small metacarpal bones and measured the metacarpal length, distance from the isthmus to the metacarpal head, and intramedullary diameter of the isthmus. Metacarpals with previous fractures or hardware were excluded. We compared these dimensions with the size of several commercially available headless screws used for intramedullary fixation. Results A total of 223 metacarpals from 57 patients were analyzed. The index metacarpal was the longest, averaging 67.6 mm in length. The mean distance from the most distal aspect of the metacarpal head to the isthmus was 40.3, 39.5, 34.4, and 31 mm for the index, long, ring, and small metacarpals, respectively. The narrowest diameter of the isthmus was a mean of 2.6, 2.7, 2.3, and 3 mm for the index, long, ring, and small metacarpals, respectively. Of 33 commercially available screws, only 27% percent reached the isthmus of the index metacarpal followed by 42, 48, and 58% in the long, ring, and small metacarpals, respectively. Conclusion The index and long metacarpals are at a particular risk of screw mismatch given their relatively long lengths and narrow isthmus diameters.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional anatomy, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the banded houndshark (Triakis scyllium)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Wha Kim ◽  
Adams Hei Long Yuen ◽  
Cherry Tsz Ching Poon ◽  
Joon Oh Hwang ◽  
Chang Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Evolutionary Developmental Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractDue to their important phylogenetic position among extant vertebrates, sharks are an invaluable group in evolutionary developmental biology studies. A thorough understanding of shark anatomy is essential to facilitate these studies and documentation of this iconic taxon. With the increasing availability of cross-sectional imaging techniques, the complicated anatomy of both cartilaginous and soft tissues can be analyzed non-invasively, quickly, and accurately. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed anatomical description of the normal banded houndshark (Triakis scyllium) using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with cryosection images. Three banded houndsharks were scanned using a 64-detector row spiral CT scanner and a 3 T MRI scanner. All images were digitally stored and assessed using open-source Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine viewer software in the transverse, sagittal, and dorsal dimensions. The banded houndshark cadavers were then cryosectioned at approximately 1-cm intervals. Corresponding transverse cryosection images were chosen to identify the best anatomical correlations for transverse CT and MRI images. The resulting images provided excellent detail of the major anatomical structures of the banded houndshark. The illustrations in the present study could be considered as a useful reference for interpretation of normal and pathological imaging studies of sharks.

scholarly journals Conditional CT Strategy—An Effective Tool to Reduce Negative Appendectomy Rate and the Overuse of the CT

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2456
Author(s):  
Raminta Luksaite-Lukste ◽  
Ruta Kliokyte ◽  
Arturas Samuilis ◽  
Eugenijus Jasiunas ◽  
Martynas Luksta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Negative Appendectomy ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasound ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Negative Appendectomy Rate

(1) Background: Diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) remains challenging; either computed tomography (CT) is universally used or negative appendectomy rates of up to 30% are reported. Transabdominal ultrasound (TUS) as the first-choice imaging modality might be useful in adult patients to reduce the need for CT scans while maintaining low negative appendectomy (NA) rates. The aim of this study was to report the results of the conditional CT strategy for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. (2) Methods: All patients suspected of acute appendicitis were prospectively registered from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018. Data on their clinical, radiological and surgical outcomes are presented. (3) Results: A total of 1855 patients were enrolled in our study: 1206 (65.0%) were women, 649 (35.0%) were men, and the median age was 34 years (IQR, 24.5–51). TUS was performed in 1851 (99.8%) patients, and CT in 463 (25.0%) patients. Appendices were not visualized on TUS in 1320 patients (71.3%). Furthermore, 172 (37.1%) of 463 CTs were diagnosed with AA, 42 (9.1%) CTs revealed alternative emergency diagnosis and 249 (53.8%) CTs were normal. Overall, 519 (28.0%) patients were diagnosed with AA: 464 appendectomies and 27 diagnostic laparoscopies were performed. The NA rate was 4.2%. The sensitivity and specificity for TUS and CT are as follows: 71.4% and 96.2%; 93.8% and 93.6%. (4) Conclusion: A conditional CT strategy is effective in reducing NA rates and avoids unnecessary CT in a large proportion of patients. Observation and repeated TUS might be useful in unclear cases.

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