Psychiatry and the pharmaceutical industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-208
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Green
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Drug Companies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Collaborative Activities ◽  
Psychiatric Profession ◽  
The Relationship

Conflicts of interest pervade the relationship between the psychiatric profession and pharmaceutical industry, threatening ethical standards of psychiatric care. They influence the quality and cost of treatment, the objectivity of research and educational activities, and the integrity of individual psychiatrists, as well as the profession in general. Various groups, apart from drug companies, bear responsibility for the prevalence of conflicts of interest, including individual practitioners and researchers, medical academe, professional organizations both within and external to psychiatry, and branches of the government. Reforming practices and policies that encourage such conflicts can only be contained by efforts aimed at educating the profession and public as to the relevant issues, as well as enlisting governmental action, in order to hold industry and the profession more accountable for potentially unethical collaborative activities.

scholarly journals Is academic psychiatry for sale?

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Healy ◽  
Michael E. Thase
Keyword(s):  
Academic Psychiatry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
University Of Pittsburgh ◽  
The North ◽  
Drug Companies ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The influence of the pharmaceutical industry on academic medicine is pervasive. Almost 90% of authors published in the Journal of the American Medical Associatio. have received research funding from, or acted as a consultant for, a drug company. Rising to this challenge, editors of medical journals have agreed strict rules on reporting sponsorship and conflicts of interest. Academic psychiatry is not exempt from the influence of industry. The relationship between drug companies and academic psychiatry is currently very close. But is this a problem? On the one hand, links with the pharmaceutical industry may be considered to compromise the independence of researchers and possibly discredit their published work. On the other hand the relationship may be seen as productive and mutually beneficial – particularly in an era of limited funds for research. These issues are discussed in this month's debate by Dr David Healy, Director of the North Wales Psychiatric Service, who is a well-known commentator on the pharmaceutical industry, and Dr Michael Thase, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the author of a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of venlafaxine published in this Journal in 2001.

scholarly journals A hidden web of policy influence: The pharmaceutical industry’s engagement with UK’s All-Party Parliamentary Groups

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252551
Author(s):  
Emily Rickard ◽  
Piotr Ozieranski
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Total Drug ◽  
Conflicts Of Interests ◽  
Policy Influence ◽  
Patient Organisations ◽  
Drug Companies ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Industry Needs

Our objective was to examine conflicts of interest between the UK’s health-focused All-Party Parliamentary Groups (APPGs) and the pharmaceutical industry between 2012 and 2018. APPGs are informal cross-party groups revolving around a particular topic run by and for Members of the UK’s Houses of Commons and Lords. They facilitate engagement between parliamentarians and external organisations, disseminate knowledge, and generate debate through meetings, publications, and events. We identified APPGs focusing on physical or mental health, wellbeing, health care, or treatment and extracted details of their payments from external donors disclosed on the Register for All-Party Parliamentary Groups. We identified all donors which were pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical industry-funded patient organisations. We established that sixteen of 146 (11%) health-related APPGs had conflicts of interest indicated by reporting payments from thirty-five pharmaceutical companies worth £1,211,345.81 (16.6% of the £7,283,414.90 received by all health-related APPGs). Two APPGs (Health and Cancer) received more than half of the total value provided by drug companies. Fifty APPGs also had received payments from patient organisations with conflicts of interest, indicated by reporting 304 payments worth £986,054.94 from 57 (of 84) patient organisations which had received £27,883,556.3 from pharmaceutical companies across the same period. In total, drug companies and drug industry-funded patient organisations provided a combined total of £2,197,400.75 (30.2% of all funding received by health-related APPGs) and 468 (of 1,177–39.7%) payments to 58 (of 146–39.7%) health-related APPGs, with the APPG for Cancer receiving the most funding. In conclusion, we found evidence of conflicts of interests through APPGs receiving substantial income from pharmaceutical companies. Policy influence exerted by the pharmaceutical industry needs to be examined holistically, with an emphasis on relationships between actors potentially playing part in its lobbying campaigns. We also suggest ways of improving transparency of payment reporting by APPGs and pharmaceutical companies.

Fraud triangle in public procurement: evidence from Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Rustiarini ◽  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
Nurkholis Nurkholis ◽  
Wuryan Andayani
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Fraud Triangle ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Procurement Fraud

Purpose This study aims to examine the effects of fraud triangle (pressure, opportunity and rationalization) on individual fraudulent behavior in Indonesian public procurement. Empirical research in this area is relatively sparse. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using laboratory experiments. Findings The results revealed that fraudulent behavior is higher when an individual has high pressure and high opportunity. These factors play an important role in determining individual rationalization. Most of participants used “displacing responsibility” to rationalize their actions. This study also demonstrated that negative affect mediates the relationship between fraudulent behavior and rationalization. Research limitations/implications First, fraudulent behavior research cannot be separated from social desirability bias. Second, the experiments only involved individual decision-making, not in groups. Finally, this study did not examine the effectiveness of rationalization in reducing negative affect. Practical implications Over the years, the government has only focused on the identification of pressure and reduction of opportunities, but ignored individual psychological reasons. Considering that procurement fraud is always increasing, the government must more focus on individual reasons to design an effective prevention and detection system. Social implications There are various conflicts of interest in public procurement budgeting. These conflicts can distort resource allocation and causes budget leakage. As a result, the government is incapacitated to achieve social and economic goals of the community. Originality/value There is limited research about fraud in public procurement budgeting, especially in developing countries. In addition, the fraud triangle research, which focuses on rationalization is still limited.

Reforms will strengthen policy implementation in China

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Subject Reforms to the relationship betwen central and local government in China. Significance The government last month issued two blueprints for a sweeping reorganisation of the country's bureaucracy (here and here, links in Chinese). They include policies that significantly alter the balance of power between central and local government institutions. These aim to overcome foot-dragging and poor policy implementation at local levels by improving incentives and supervision, and eliminating overlapping responsibilities and conflicts of interest. Impacts With the backing of an increasingly powerful Xi, much of the agenda is likely to be implemented. In key policy areas such as the environment, local bureaus should have more reliable access to funding. New taxes and constraints on borrowing should strengthen local government finances and help reduce their debt burden. Local governments may have less leeway to offer business incentives such as tax breaks and other regulatory incentives.

Relationship between drug company funding and outcomes of clinical psychiatric research

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1647-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT E. KELLY ◽  
LISA J. COHEN ◽  
RANDYE J. SEMPLE ◽  
PHILIP BIALER ◽  
ADAM LAU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Drug Approval ◽  
Drug Manufacturer ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Industry Funding ◽  
Drug Companies ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Pharmaceutical industry funding of psychiatric research has increased significantly in recent decades, raising the question of a relationship between pharmaceutical company funding of clinical psychiatric studies and the outcomes of those studies. This study examines this relationship.Method. Abstracts of articles from 1992 and 2002 in four peer-reviewed psychiatric journals were examined. Drug outcomes (n=542) for clinical studies were evaluated and then compared across sponsorship source. Outcome raters were blind to source of sponsorship. The percentage of these studies sponsored by drug companies in 2002 v. 1992 was also compared. In a secondary analysis, the contribution of a series of potentially mediating variables to the relationship between sponsorship source and study outcome was assessed via logistic regression.Results. The percentage of studies sponsored by drug companies increased from 25% in 1992 to 57% in 2002. Favorable outcomes were significantly more common in studies sponsored by the drug manufacturer (78%) than in studies without industry sponsorship (48%) or sponsored by a competitor (28%). These relationships remained after controlling for the effects of journal, year, drug studied, time since FDA drug approval, diagnosis, sample size, and selected study design variables.Conclusions. These data indicate an association between pharmaceutical industry funding of clinical studies and positive outcomes of those studies. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this relationship.

scholarly journals Analysis of pharmacists’ knowledge and attitude in the pharmaceutical industry of halal certification and their readiness to produce halal medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahem ◽  
Mustofa Helmi Effendi ◽  
Hayyun Durrotul Faridah
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Observational Design ◽  
The Law ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Since the issuance of Law 33 in 2014 concerning Guaranteed Halal Products, the government has an obligation to remind all parties that the law should be carried out properly in regards to the halal certification of medicine. Aim: This study aims to determine the attitude of pharmacists towards halal medicine and their readiness to produce it, as well as the relationship between their attitude and readiness. Methods: This study had a cross-sectional observational design, the research variable was the attitude and readiness of pharmacists to produce halal drugs. The sample used was 206 pharmacists who were carrying out professional practice in the pharmaceutical industry in East Java. The instrument used was a valid and reliable questionnaire. Results: The results showed that 51.54% of respondents agreed with halal certification on medicines and 58.74% of pharmacists were ready to produce halal medicine. Conclusion: The majority of pharmacists were in support of producing certified halal medicine. The attitude of these pharmacists was also related to their readiness to produce halal medicine.

Tanggung Jawab Hukum Penilai Publik terhadap Laporan Penilaian Kegiatan Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum (Studi Atas Kantor Jasa Penilai Publik Toto Suharto)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagah Yaumiyya Riyoprakoso ◽  
AM Hasan Ali ◽  
Fitriyani Zein
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Systematic Explanation

This study is based on the legal responsibility of the assessment of public appraisal reports they make in land procurement activities for development in the public interest. Public assessment is obliged to always be accountable for their assessment. The type of research found in this thesis is a type of normative legal research with the right-hand of the statue approach and case approach. Normative legal research is a study that provides systematic explanation of rules governing a certain legal category, analyzing the relationship between regulations explaining areas of difficulty and possibly predicting future development. . After conducting research, researchers found that one of the causes that made the dispute was a lack of communication conducted between the Government and the landlord. In deliberation which should be the place where the parties find the meeting point between the parties on the magnitude of the damages that will be given, in the field is often used only for the delivery of the assessment of the compensation that has been done.

Byelorussian Nationalism and Western Russianism: the Problem of Confrontation

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Gronsky
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the relationship between Western Russianism (Zapadnorusizm) and Byelorussian nationalism. Byelorussian nationalism is much younger than Western Russianism, finally shaping only in the end of the 19th century. Before 1917 revolution Byelorussian nationalism could not compete with Western Russianism. The national policy of the Bolsheviks contributed to the decline of Western Russianism and helped Byelorussian nationalism to gain stronger positions. However, Byelorussian nationalists actively cooperated with the occupation authorities during the Great Patriotic war. That caused distinctly negative attitude of Byelorussians towards the movement and collaborators. Currently, Byelorussian nationalism is supported both by the opposition and by the government. Western Russianism has no political representation, but is supported by the majority of Byelorussian population.

Hubungan Kemendagri dan Kemendes dalam Tata Desa dan Administrasi Desa

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Sarip Sarip ◽  
Nur Rahman ◽  
Rohadi Rohadi
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to explore the relationship between the Ministry of Home Affairs (Kemendagri) and the Ministry of Villages (Kemendes) from theconstitutional law and state administrative law point of view.The second concerns of this research is the disharmony and problem between the two ministries.From the constitutional law point of view, it turns out that what the Ministry of Home Affairs is doing, is closer to the object of its discussion. The method used in this research is normative legal research bycomparingthe constitutional law and state administrative law to obtain clarity regarding the Ministry of Home Affairs and Ministry of Village. The result shows that the Ministry of Village approached the science of state administrative law, namely to revive or give spirits to the village. Disharmonization began to exist since the inception of the Ministry of Village. The root of disharmony itself was the improper application of constitutional foundations in the formation of the Village Law. It would be better if the government reassess the constitutional foundation for the village.

Humanitaryzm i wychowanie – perspektywa posthumanistyczna

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-27
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Obrycka
Keyword(s):  
Educational Activities ◽  
Great Capacity ◽  
Ethical Education ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Post Humanism

The issue stated in the title is an attempt to understand the profound changes that have taken place in the culture of ethical education related to the relationship between humans and nature. The subject of analysis is linked to the need to promote interpersonal and interspecies humanitarianism. The author refers here to the educational activities aimed at shaping attitudes of respect for all living beings. The theoretical plane covers the ideas developed within the framework of the trend known as post-humanism. In this paper, the stance is that upbringing in humanitarianism is a great capacity that must be developed in children and adults. This is an ethical capacity for a community-oriented and respectful coexistence.

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