Treatments for Depression

2013 ◽  
pp. 508-514
Author(s):  
Dan V. Iosifescu ◽  
James W. Murrough ◽  
Dennis S. Charney
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Special Populations ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Antidepressant Treatments ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
Natural Remedies ◽  
Significant Data

Since major depression is associated with significant morbidity and functional impairment, effective treatments are very important. This chapter reviews several categories of currently available antidepressant treatments (including the major classes of pharmacotherapies, somatic treatments, psychotherapies and natural remedies), attempting to review key findings regarding mechanisms of action, antidepressant efficacy and major side effects. We will also review significant data related to biomarkers of treatment outcome and to treatment of depression in special populations (e.g., psychotic, melancholic, atypical, postpartum, bipolar). We will conclude with a review of future antidepressant treatments currently in development.

SS05-02 - Management of depression with agomelatine: A different perception

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2178-2178
Author(s):  
G. Hajak
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Early Improvement ◽  
Real Life Setting ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Agomelatine is a completely new approach to the treatment of depression thanks to its innovative mode of action. Acting as melatonergic agonist and 5-HT2C antagonist, it provides depressed patients with a distinctive antidepressant efficacy that perfectly suits patients’ needs and addresses all symptoms at each step of depression. Two years after the first launch in Europe, now is the time for an update from doctors and patients alike.The patient/doctor relation is key when initiating depression treatment, because patients are reluctant to start, fearing withdrawal symptoms, serious unwanted side effects, and “addiction”. It is important therefore that they understand that agomelatine has none of these effects.The benefits perceived by patients right from the first days of treatment are influential, because patients are reluctant to continue with classic antidepressants (delayed onset of perceived benefit, early side effects). The early improvement reported by patients on agomelatine supplements data on clinical benefits seen in clinical trials from the first week versus venlafaxine (CGI-I, rate of response, daytime alertness, feeling good) and after two weeks versus sertraline (twice as many HAM-D responders to agomelatine as to sertraline).Finally, patients are reluctant to maintain antidepressant treatment because of later side effects (weight gain, sexual dysfunction, emotional blunting). Patients on agomelatine confirm the absence of the classic side effects of antidepressants and are more likely to continue treatment than they are with other drugs. Both the antidepressant efficacy and the tolerability were confirmed in a large non-interventional study in a real-life setting in daily practice.

Dexamethasone-Chemical Structure and Mechanisms of Action in Prophylaxis of Postoperative Side Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Roxana Ciobotaru ◽  
Mary-Nicoleta Lupu ◽  
Laura Rebegea ◽  
Octavian Catalin Ciobotaru ◽  
Oana Monica Duca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Good Recovery ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoid

Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. In addition to these therapeutic indications, it is also recommended for nausea and vomiting treatment which may occur during the postoperative period, with impact on postoperative evolution, regarding the evolution of wound healing and length of stay (LOS), with a reflection on the costs of hospital admission. Therefore, their prevention is very important for both patients� comfort and a good recovery.

Progress on the Mechanism for Aspirin’s Anti-tumor Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Lin Zheng ◽  
Weibiao Lv ◽  
Yuanqing Zhou ◽  
Xu Lin ◽  
Jie Yao
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Proliferation And Metastasis ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Granule Release

: Since its discovery more than 100 years ago, aspirin has been widely used for its antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-rheumatic activities. In addition to these applications, it is increasingly becoming clear that the drug also has great potential in the field of cancer. Here, we briefly review current insights of aspirin’s anti-tumor effects. These are multiple and vary from inhibiting the major cellular mTOR pathways, acting as a calorie-restricted mimetic by inhibition of energy production, suppressing platelet aggregation and granule release, inhibiting immune escape of tumor cells, to decreasing inflammatory responses. We consider these five mechanisms of action the most significant of aspirin’s anti-tumor effects, whereby the anti-tumor effect may ultimately stem from its inhibition of energy metabolism, platelet function, and inflammatory response. As such, aspirin can play an important role to reduce the occurrence, proliferation, and metastasis of various types of tumors. However, most of the collected data are still based on epidemiological investi-gations. More direct and effective evidence is needed, and the side effects of aspirin intake need to be solved before this drug can be widely applied in cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Adherence to guidelines for treatment of depression in in-patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Schneider ◽  
Martin Härter ◽  
Silke Brand ◽  
Petra Sitta ◽  
Ralph Menke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Interpersonal Therapy ◽  
Adherence To Guidelines ◽  
Treatment Of Depression

BackgroundAdherence to treatment guidelines enhances treatment outcome. However, in clinical practice many patients with depression do not receive appropriate treatment.AimsTo evaluate the treatment of depression in in-patients of German psychiatric hospitals with respect to treatment outcome and adherence to guidelines.MethodWe recruited 1202 in-patients with depression from ten different hospitals. Quality data concerning treatment were collected at admission, during the treatment course and at discharge.ResultsThe level of depression was significantly decreased and most patients were satisfied with treatment. Many aspects of the treatment routine adhered to guideline recommendations. Adherence to guidelines could be improved with respect to adjustment of antidepressant dosage, reduction of benzodiazepine prescription, enhanced use of electroconvulsive therapy and wider use of interpersonal therapy.ConclusionsThe study reveals a high standard of psychiatric treatment of in-patients with depression. Nevertheless there is still room for improvement. Differences between hospitals in adherence to guidelines indicates the need for individual application of quality management tools.

scholarly journals PCSK9 as a Target for Development of a New Generation of Hypolipidemic Drugs

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Nikolay Kuzmich ◽  
Elena Andresyuk ◽  
Yuri Porozov ◽  
Vadim Tarasov ◽  
Mikhail Samsonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitors ◽  
Ldl Receptors ◽  
Orally Bioavailable ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Membrane Cell

PCSK9 has now become an important target to create new classes of lipid-lowering drugs. The prevention of its interaction with LDL receptors allows an increase in the number of these receptors on the surface of the cell membrane of hepatocytes, which leads to an increase in the uptake of cholesterol-rich atherogenic LDL from the bloodstream. The PCSK9 antagonists described in this review belong to different classes of compounds, may have a low molecular weight or belong to macromolecular structures, and also demonstrate different mechanisms of action. The mechanisms of action include preventing the effective binding of PCSK9 to LDLR, stimulating the degradation of PCSK9, and even blocking its transcription or transport to the plasma membrane/cell surface. Although several types of antihyperlipidemic drugs have been introduced on the market and are actively used in clinical practice, they are not without disadvantages, such as well-known side effects (statins) or high costs (monoclonal antibodies). Thus, there is still a need for effective cholesterol-lowering drugs with minimal side effects, preferably orally bioavailable. Low-molecular-weight PCSK9 inhibitors could be a worthy alternative for this purpose.

Neurostimulation therapies

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-232
Author(s):  
Daniel W. O’Connor ◽  
Christos Plakiotis ◽  
Peter Farnbach
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Electrical Impulses ◽  
The Brain

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) all entail the delivery of electrical impulses to the brain with the aim of relieving mental disorders. ECT is an effective treatment of depression, mania and catatonia and, to a lesser extent, of schizophrenia. Its side effects, principally cognitive impairment, are mitigated through the use of individually tailored, unilateral delivery. TMS is more convenient but of lesser effectiveness. DBS, while reversible and thus safer than lesional surgery, is a major undertaking that is reserved at present for profoundly disabling depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and Tourette’s syndrome.

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