Using Catchment Population to Estimate Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease Incidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon C Neeley ◽  
Faraze A Niazi ◽  
Michael A Ebbert ◽  
Alex G Forman ◽  
Gerald R Hobbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Death Certificate ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Hospital Discharges ◽  
Catchment Population ◽  
Jakob Disease

ABSTRACT Introduction Catchment populations have several uses. A method using catchment population to estimate the incidence of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) is described. Materials and Methods A cohort of nine consecutive patients diagnosed with sCJD, symptom onset spanning 26 months, were observed at a rural tertiary university medical center that has approximately 40,000 hospital discharges annually. An effective catchment population was determined using surrounding county utilization frequency that captured all nine sCJD patients and accounted for over 87% of discharges. Results The effective sCJD hospital catchment population was 1.266 million, implying an annual sCJD incidence rate of 3.39 per million (95% CIs, 1.55-6.43), assuming a Poisson distribution for sCJD occurrence. Conclusions This annual incidence rate suggests that many sCJD patients are unrecognized and unreported. An advantage of this catchment population method is independence from death certificate accuracy, important in rare diseases that are both rapidly and invariably fatal. The relative absence of significant healthcare systems competition in this rural population enhances the reliability of this finding. The most likely explanation for the high sCJD incidence rate suggested by this study is enhanced clinical suspicion and improved diagnostic accuracy.

Incidence of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a community. Beverly Hills, California, 2006–2020

Cephalalgia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 033310242110485
Author(s):  
Wouter I Schievink ◽  
M Marcel Maya ◽  
Franklin G Moser ◽  
Paul Simon ◽  
Miriam Nuño
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Average Annual Incidence ◽  
First Time

Background Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is diagnosed with an increasing frequency, but epidemiologic data are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a defined population. Methods Using a prospectively maintained registry, all patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension residing in Beverly Hills, California, evaluated at our Medical Center between 2006 and 2020 were identified in this population-based incidence study. Our Medical Center is a quaternary referral center for spontaneous intracranial hypotension and is located within 1.5 miles from downtown Beverly Hills. Results A total of 19 patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension were identified. There were 12 women and seven men with a mean age of 54.5 years (range, 28 to 88 years). The average annual incidence rate for all ages was 3.7 per 100,000 population (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0 to 5.3), 4.3 per 100,000 for women (95% CI, 1.9 to 6.7) and 2.9 per 100,000 population for men (95% CI, 0.8 to 5.1). Conclusion This study, for the first time, provides incidence rates for spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a defined population.

Rates of Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients Discharged From Spanish Hospitals, 1997-2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 886-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Soler ◽  
Francisco Nogareda ◽  
Rosa Cano
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Hospital Discharges ◽  
Spanish Hospital ◽  
The Mean

We analyzed the Spanish hospital discharges registered from 1997 to 2005 with patient diagnoses of “intestinal infection due to Clostridium difficile.” The mean annual incidence rate was 41.2 diagnoses per 100,000 discharges. A significant increase was found from 1997 to 2005 (slope of the regression line [b], 5.12; P < .001). Overall rates were 2.5 times as high in the group of patients aged at least 65 years as in the group aged 45-64 years.

scholarly journals Subarachnoid hemorrhage after surgical treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-497
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Matsukawa ◽  
Hiroyasu Kamiyama ◽  
Toshiyuki Tsuboi ◽  
Kosumo Noda ◽  
Nakao Ota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Average Annual Incidence

OBJECTIVEOnly a few previous studies have investigated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) after surgical treatment in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). Given the improvement in long-term outcomes of embolization, more extensive data are needed concerning the true rupture rates after microsurgery in order to provide reliable information for treatment decisions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative SAH in patients with surgically treated UIAs.METHODSData from 702 consecutive patients harboring 852 surgically treated UIAs were evaluated. Surgical treatments included neck clipping (complete or incomplete), coating/wrapping, trapping, proximal occlusion, and bypass surgery. Clippable UIAs were defined as UIAs treated by complete neck clipping. The annual incidence of postoperative SAH and risk factors for SAH were studied using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models.RESULTSThe patients’ median age was 64 years (interquartile range [IQR] 56–71 years). Of 852 UIAs, 767 were clippable and 85 were not. The mean duration of follow-up was 731 days (SD 380 days). During 1708 aneurysm years, there were 4 episodes of SAH, giving an overall average annual incidence rate of 0.23% (95% CI 0.12%–0.59%) and an average annual incidence rate of 0.065% (95% CI 0.0017%–0.37%) for clippable UIAs (1 episode of SAH, 1552 aneurysm-years). Basilar artery location (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 23, 95% CI 2.0–255, p = 0.0012) and unclippable UIA status (adjusted HR 15, 95% CI 1.1–215, p = 0.046) were significantly related to postoperative SAH. An excellent outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1) was achieved in 816 (95.7%) of 852 cases overall and in 748 (98%) of 767 clippable UIAs at 12 months.CONCLUSIONSIn this large case series, microsurgical treatment of UIAs was found to be safe and effective. Aneurysm location and unclippable morphologies were related to postoperative SAH in patients with surgically treated UIAs.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SEASONAL MANIFESTATION OF BRUCELLOSIS INFECTION AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
K. M. Kurbonov ◽  
E. G. Simonova ◽  
N. N. Filatov
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work was to study modern manifestations of seasonal brucellosis among the population of the Republic of Tajikistan. The materials and methods: of the study were the official statistics, as well as the results of previously performed studies on the risk assessment of the incidence in population. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of annual incidence rate for the period from 1997 to 2016 was conducted, depending on the most significant social and environmental risk factors. Results. The article shows the impact on the annual incidence rate of socio-economic transformations, including the privatization of collective livestock farms, accompanied by the massive movement of farm animals to private ownership, the loss of practice in animal breeding, and changes in environmental and climatic conditions. Against the background of the intensification of sheep breeding, there is a tendency in seasonality smoothing and shifting the maximum levels of population incidence of brucellosis to the spring season. Conclusion. The modern features of seasonal manifestation of brucellosis infection in the Republic of Tajikistan make it necessary to apply a differentiated approach to planning and conducting preventive measures in various areas of the country.

scholarly journals Latest quarterly analysis of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease incidence in the UK shows continued slow-down

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
N J Andrews
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
The Uk

Five new cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) were diagnosed in the United Kingdom (UK) in the first quarter of 2003, bringing the total number of confirmed or probable cases to 134 (1). Five deaths occurred in the first quarter, bringing the total number of deaths to 126. The total number of onsets and deaths by year are shown in the table.

scholarly journals Community outbreak of hepatitis A in southern Italy – Campania, January-May 2004

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Boccia
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Endemic Disease

Campania, a region in southern Italy, is one of the 20 political regions in Italy. Hepatitis A (HAV) is an endemic disease here, with an annual incidence rate often twice as high as the total rate for the rest of Italy

scholarly journals The inverse relationship between national food security and annual cholera incidence: a 30-country analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e001755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Richterman ◽  
Andrew S Azman ◽  
Georgery Constant ◽  
Louise C Ivers
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
National Level ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
National Food Security

IntroductionIndividual and household-level evidence suggests a relationship between food insecurity and cholera risk. The relationship between national food security and the size of cholera outbreaks is unknown.MethodsWe analysed the relationship between national food security and annual cholera incidence rate from 2012 to 2015 across 30 countries. We used components of the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) as measures of food security. We included countries with available GFSI reporting cases of cholera during the study period, excluding high-income countries. We developed multivariable zero-inflated negative binomial models with annual cholera incidence rate as the outcome, GFSI components as the exposure of interest, fixed effects for country and year, and time-varying effects related to water, sanitation, and hygiene, oral cholera vaccine deployment, healthcare expenditure, conflict and extreme weather.ResultsThe 30 countries reported 550 106 total cases of cholera from 2012 to 2015, with a median annual incidence rate of 3.1 cases per 100 000 people (IQR 0.3–9.9). We found independent inverse relationships between cholera and Overall GFSI (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.57, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.78), GFSI-Availability (IRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.95) and GFSI-Affordability (IRR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.92).ConclusionsWe identified a strong inverse relationship between national food security and annual incidence rate of cholera. In the context of prior evidence at the individual and household levels, this suggests that there is a linkage between food insecurity and cholera at the national level that should be further considered in assessing cholera risk in vulnerable regions and in designing cholera control interventions.

scholarly journals Ten-year trends in the incidence, treatment and outcomes of patients with mitral stenosis in Korea

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 746-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Youn Kim ◽  
Sung-Hwan Kim ◽  
Jun Pyo Myong ◽  
Young Choi ◽  
You Mi Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonist ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Systemic Embolism ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Changing Patterns

ObjectiveMitral stenosis increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke. Large data underlying the trend in incidence, treatment and outcomes of mitral stenosis are lacking.MethodsBased on the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database in Republic of Korea, patients who were diagnosed with mitral stenosis between 2007 and 2016 were enrolled. Trends in the incidence rate and changing patterns of treatment and outcome for stroke and systemic embolism and intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) were analysed.ResultsA total of 42 075 patients (mean age 60.7±13.5 years, 13 303 (31.6%) male) were included in the present study. The number included 27 824 (66.1%) patients with mitral stenosis and comorbid AF. The age-standardised annual incidence rate per 100 000 of mitral stenosis in Korea decreased remarkably from 10.3 to 3.6 over 10 years. The use of anticoagulation therapy increased consistently. The annual incidence of stroke and systemic embolism showed signs of plateau, while the incidence of ICH increased.ConclusionsThe overall incidence rate of mitral stenosis in Korean population has decreased remarkably. As increasing the use of vitamin K antagonist, the annual incidence rate of ICH was increased but the rate of stroke incidence reached a plateau. Alternative effective anticoagulation strategy should be investigated.

Atrial Fibrillation and Mitral Regurgitation: Clinical Performance of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in a Real-World Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-569
Author(s):  
Enrico Melillo ◽  
Anna Rago ◽  
Riccardo Proietti ◽  
Emilio Attena ◽  
Maddalena Carrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Real World ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is frequently present in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR). Currently, there is a lack of real-world evidence specifically addressing the clinical performance of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with AF and concomitant MR. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety profile of DOACs therapy in patients with AF and MR. Methods: Data for this study were sourced from the Atrial Fibrillation Research Database in the Department of Cardiology at Monaldi Hospital. The database was queried for AF patients with MR who were prescribed DOACs therapy. The primary safety outcome was defined as the annual incidence rate of major bleeding events and the primary effectiveness outcome as the annual incidence rate of all events classified as ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attacks, and systemic embolisms. Results: Consecutive AF patients with concomitant mild to severe MR who received DOACs therapy (n = 259) were included. Patients were dichotomized in 2 groups according to MR severity: a mild-to-moderate group (MR 1-2+; n = 151) and a moderate-to-severe group (MR 3-4+; n = 108). The incidence rate of major bleedings was significantly higher in MR 3-4+ group (3.92%) compared with the MR 1-2+ group (1.18%; hazard ratio [HR]: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.4-7.3; P = .0059). The incidence rate of thromboembolic events between MR 3-4+ group (0.66%) and MR 1-2+ group (0.62%) was not significantly different (HR: 0.75; P = .823). Conclusions: In the present study, there was no difference in the efficacy profile of DOACs between AF patients with mild-to-moderate and moderate-to-severe MR. Considering the increased bleeding risk, a close and careful follow-up should be warranted for patients with moderate-to-severe MR.

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