Clinical characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19-associated Candidemia

Abstract Decades of research have failed to define the pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a devastating pediatric gastrointestinal disorder of preterm infants. However, recent evidence suggests that host-microbiota interactions, in which microbial dysbiosis is followed by loss of barrier integrity, inflammation, and necrosis, are central to NEC development. Thus, greater knowledge of the preterm infant microbiome could accelerate attempts to diagnose, treat, and prevent NEC. Here, we summarize clinical characteristics of and risk factors for NEC, the structure of the pre-event NEC microbiome, how this community interfaces with host immunology, and microbiome-based approaches that might prevent or lessen the severity of NEC in this very vulnerable population.

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Staphylococcus aureus Keratitis: Incidence, Pathophysiology, Risk Factors and Novel Strategies for Treatment

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10040758 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 758

Author(s):

Jason W. Lee ◽

Tobi Somerville ◽

Stephen B. Kaye ◽

Vito Romano

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Bacterial Keratitis ◽

Novel Therapies ◽

Causative Pathogen ◽

Novel Treatments

Bacterial keratitis is a devastating condition that can rapidly progress to serious complications if not treated promptly. Certain causative microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are notorious for their resistance to antibiotics. Resistant bacterial keratitis results in poorer outcomes such as scarring and the need for surgical intervention. Thorough understanding of the causative pathogen and its virulence factors is vital for the discovery of novel treatments to avoid further antibiotic resistance. While much has been previously reported on P. aeruginosa, S. aureus has been less extensively studied. This review aims to give a brief overview of S. aureus epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical characteristics as well as summarise the current evidence for potential novel therapies.

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Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality in cancer patients with COVID-19

Frontiers of Medicine ◽

10.1007/s11684-021-0845-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Junnan Liang ◽

Guannan Jin ◽

Tongtong Liu ◽

Jingyuan Wen ◽

Ganxun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Clinical Characteristics

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Subclinical atherosclerosis in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951120004448 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Silvia M. Cardoso ◽

Michele Honicky ◽

Yara M. F. Moreno ◽

Luiz R. A. de Lima ◽

Matheus A. Pacheco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Media Thickness

Abstract Background: Subclinical atherosclerosis in childhood can be evaluated by carotid intima-media thickness, which is considered a surrogate marker for atherosclerotic disease in adulthood. The aims of this study were to evaluate carotid intima-media thickness and, to investigate associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study with children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD). Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed. Subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated by carotid intima-media thickness. Cardiovascular risk factors, such as physical activity, screen time, passive smoke, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, dietary intake, lipid parameters, glycaemia, and C-reactive protein, were also assessed. Factors associated with carotid intima-media thickness were analysed using multiple logistic regression. Results: The mean carotid intima-media thickness was 0.518 mm and 46.7% had subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness ≥ 97th percentile). After adjusting for confounding factors, cyanotic CHD (odds ratio: 0.40; 95% confidence interval: 0.20; 0.78), cardiac surgery (odds ratio: 3.17; 95% confidence interval: 1.35; 7.48), and be hospitalised to treat infections (odds ratio: 1.92; 95% confidence interval: 1.04; 3.54) were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics related to CHD were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. This finding suggests that the presence of CHD itself is a risk factor for subclinical atherosclerosis. Therefore, the screen and control of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors should be made early and intensively to prevent atherosclerosis.

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Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 inpatients in Birjand, Iran: a single-center retrospective study

European Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.1186/s40001-021-00553-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ghodsiyeh Azarkar ◽

Freshteh Osmani

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Platelet Count ◽

Protein Level ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Single Center ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Survivor Group ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has affected mortality worldwide. The Cox proportional hazard (CPH) model is becoming more popular in time-to-event data analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics in COVID-19 inpatients including (survivor and non-survivor); thus helping clinicians give the right treatment and assess prognosis and guide the treatment. Methods This single-center study was conducted at Hospital for COVID-19 patients in Birjand. Inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 were included. Patients were classified as the discharged or survivor group and the death or non-survivor group based on their outcome (improvement or death). Clinical, epidemiological characteristics, as well as laboratory parameters, were extracted from electronic medical records. Independent sample T test and the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used to evaluate the association of interested variables. The CPH model was used for survival analysis in the COVID-19 death patients. Significant level was set as 0.05 in all analyses. Results The results showed that the mortality rate was about (17.4%). So that, 62(17%) patients had died due to COVID-19, and 298 (83.6%) patients had recovered and discharged. Clinical parameters and comorbidities such as oxygen saturation, lymphocyte and platelet counts, hemoglobin levels, C-reactive protein, and liver and kidney function, were statistically significant between both studied groups. The results of the CPH model showed that comorbidities, hypertension, lymphocyte counts, platelet count, and C-reactive protein level, may increase the risk of death due to the COVID-19 as risk factors in inpatients cases. Conclusions Patients with, lower lymphocyte counts in hemogram, platelet count and serum albumin, and high C-reactive protein level, and also patients with comorbidities may have more risk for death. So, it should be given more attention to risk management in the progression of COVID-19 disease.

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