Clinical value of (1,3)-β-D-glucan, mannan, antimannan IgG and IgM antibodies in diagnosis of invasive candidiasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 976-986
Author(s):  
Fengtian Li ◽  
Xiaotian Yu ◽  
Liyan Ye ◽  
Guang Zhou ◽  
Leili Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Invasive Candidiasis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
And Control

Abstract Diagnosis of invasive candidiasis (IC) is still challenging due to absence of specific clinical signs and symptoms. In this study we investigate the clinical value of (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BDG), mannan (MN), antimannan immunoglobulin G (AM-IgG), and antimannan immunoglobulin M (AM-IgM) assay in diagnosis of IC. During 2016 to 2018 serum samples from 71 patients with IC and 185 patients without IC were collected. Serum samples from 41 patients with bacteremia were also enrolled as additional control. Significant differences in mean serum biomarkers levels between IC and control group were observed. At low cutoff threshold the sensitivity and specificity of BDG (70 pg/ml), MN (50 pg/ml), AM-IgG (80 AU/ml), and AM-IgM (80 AU/ml) assay were 64.8% and 90.8%, 64.8 and 89.2%,74.6% and 87.0%, 57.7% and 60.0%, respectively. Combined use of BDG/MN, BDG/AM-IgG and MN/AM-IgG improved the sensitivity and specificity to 85.9% and 81.1%, 85.9% and 80.0%, 81.7% and 81.6%, respectively. The combination of BDG/MN, BDG/AM-IgG, or MN/AM-IgG may provide an encouraging approach for diagnosis of IC.

Application of transcutaneus electroneurostimulation in complex therapy and rehabilitation of diabetic neuropathic pain

10.12737/7217 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Аль-Замиль ◽  
M. Al-Zamil ◽  
Божко ◽  
S. Bozhko ◽  
Кудаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Low Amplitude

. In this article expediency of application of monophasic, high frequency and low amplitude transcutaneous neuroelectrostimulation in treatment of neuropathic pain in patients with diabetic distal polyneuropathy of lower extremity was proved. This study included 159 patients with acute distal neuropathic pain in lower extremity. In all patients di-abetic mellitus 2 type was diagnosed and clinical signs and symptoms of distal polyneuropathy were found. Comparative dynamics of clinical and electromyographic manifestations of diabetic distal polyneuropathy between basis and control groups were analyzed. 62 patients in control group undergone treatment by the Duloxetine 60 mg every day within 3 months. In basis group 97 patients in addition to the Duloxetine were treated by transcutaneous neuroelectrostimulation during 30 minutes per day after day for 15 days. This study showed that complex treatment by combination use of transcutaneous neuroelectrostimula-tion with central analgesic more effective than traditional analgesic therapy in treatment of neuropathic pain in patients with diabetic distal polyneuropathy.

Determination of thallium in urine, blood, and hair in illicit opioid users in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 808-815
Author(s):  
N Molavi ◽  
A Ghaderi ◽  
HR Banafshe
Keyword(s):  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Opioid Users ◽  
Thallium Exposure ◽  
Illicit Opioid Use

Context: Heavy metals, including thallium and lead, are introduced to illicit drug users’ body as a result of using drugs such as cocaine and heroin. Objective: This study aimed to determine urine, blood, and hair thallium (Tl) concentrations in illicit opioid users along with the relevant clinical signs and symptoms consistent with thallotoxicosis and to compare them with the corresponding variables in the control non-opioid user group. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted on 50 illicit opioid users who had abused opioids continuously for more than a year, referred to Amirie Drug Abuse Treatment Clinic in Kashan, Iran. The control group included 50 non-opioid users. Thallium concentrations in urine, blood, and hair were assessed in both groups ( n = 100) using electrothermal (graphite furnace) atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS, GF AAS). Results: In the studied group, the median (interquartile range) concentrations of thallium in urine, blood, and hair were 54.8 ± 79.9 μg/L, 14.5 ± 11.1 μg/L, and 5.4 ± 3.7 µg/g, respectively; these values were 4.8 ± 5.2 μg/L, 2.5 ± 2.4 μg/L, and 1.4 ± 1.1 µg/g, respectively, in the control group. There were significant differences in urine, blood, and hair thallium concentrations between the study group and the control group ( p < 0.001). There were significant correlations between duration of illicit opioid use and urine thallium concentrations ( r = 0.394, p = 0.005) and hair thallium concentrations ( r = 0.293, p = 0.039), but not with blood thallium concentrations ( r = 0.246, p = 0.085). Urine and blood thallium concentrations of illicit opioid users with clinical signs and symptoms consistent with thallotoxicosis of weakness ( p = 0.01), depression ( p = 0.03), and headache ( p = 0.03) were higher than users without these problems. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the study showed that thallium concentrations in urine, blood, and hair in illicit opioid users were significantly higher than the comparable concentrations in the control group. This can be due to the use of illicit opioids adulterated with thallium. Also, this study showed long-term illicit opioid use may lead to thallium exposure. In addition, cigarette smoking was associated with increased thallium exposure.

ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSING CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME NEED TO BE REVISED IN HYPOTHYROID PATIENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750014
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Asadi ◽  
Sharareh Roshanzamir
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Background: Previous studies do not agree with each other on the association between electrodiagnostic findings and clinical symptoms of Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In most of these studies, many variables such as age, sex, obesity and hypothyroidism have not been taken into account. Material & methods: About 62 patients with hypothyroidism and 62 patients without hypothyroidism with sign and symptoms of CTS were included in this study. Electrodiagnostic tests were done for all patients. And relationship of the severity of CTS signs and symptoms with electrodiagnostic parameters was examined statistically in each group. Results: This study showed that distal motor latency in control group (without hypothyroidism) is significantly more prolonged than hypothyroid patients. Also there was significant correlation between clinical symptoms and electrodiagnostic findings in control group, but there was not such correlation in hypothyroid patients. In 62% of hypothyroid patients with clinical signs and symptoms of CTS, electrodiagnostic findings were normal and only in 38% of cases, electrodiagnostic findings were suggestive of CTS. Conclusion: Relationship of the severity of CTS signs and symptoms with electrodiagnostic parameters is very weak in hypothyroid patients. Many hypothyroid patients with clinical signs and symptoms of CTS have normal electrodiagnostic findings; so we need more studies for revising the para-clinic criteria of labeling patients having CTS in hypothyroid patients.

scholarly journals Possible Association between Diabetes and Bisphosphonate-Related Jaw Osteonecrosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1172-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mogher Khamaisi ◽  
Eran Regev ◽  
Noam Yarom ◽  
Batia Avni ◽  
Eran Leitersdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hospital Referral ◽  
Hebrew University ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Abstract Context: Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis (BON) of the jaws is a newly identified condition for which the exact mechanism involved in its pathogenesis remains obscure. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether diabetes mellitus (DM) may be a contributing factor in the development of BON. Design: From 2004 to 2006, 31 patients were diagnosed with BON. The diagnosis of BON was based on the medical and dental history of each patient as well as the observation of clinical signs and symptoms of this pathological process. DM was based on two consecutive fasting blood glucose levels above 7 mmol/liter. Setting: The study was completed in the Hebrew University-Hadassah Hospital referral center. Results: Of the 31 patients with BON, 18 (58%) were found to have DM or impaired fasting glucose. The proportion of diabetic patients was much higher than expected relative to the incidence of DM in the general population (14%) and compared with the proportion of diabetic patients in a control group of oncological patients treated with bisphosphonates and without BON (12%) (P = 0.00003). Conclusions: This finding indicates that DM may be a risk factor for BON and that DM patients treated with bisphosphonates should be carefully monitored. We discuss here the bone metabolic pathways characteristic of DM patients and the way in which these pathways can augment the effects of bisphosphonates.

scholarly journals The comparison of the efficacy of Alveogyl, 0.8% Hyaluronic acid, and 0.2% Chlorhexidine Digluconate in alveolar osteitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Ömür Dereci ◽  
Görkem Tekin ◽  
Yasin Çağlar Koşar
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alveolar Osteitis ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Aim:  The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Alveogyl, 0.8% hyaluronic acid (HA), and 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) gel in reducing pain and improving clinical signs and symptoms of alveolar osteitis. Methodology: The clinical data of patients treated for alveolar osteitis between 01/01/2015 and 01/01/2019 were retrieved for this study. All patients were initially treated by curettage and physiological saline irrigation. Patients were then divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was considered the control group; no other biomaterials were administered after curettage and physiological saline irrigation. All other groups were administered an additional treatment in the socket after curettage and physiological saline irrigation (Group 1 – Alveogyl; Group 2 - 0.8% HA; Group 3 - 0.2% CHX). Patents were evaluated before surgery as well as days 3 and 7 after surgery. The postoperative evaluations included: Visual analog scale(VAS) pain scores, the presence of clinical signs and symptoms of exposed alveolar bone, disorganized blood clot, inflammation around the socket, and bad odor and taste. Results: Sixty-seven patients were included in the study. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in all control evaluations (p>0.05). There was significantly reduced inflammation around the extraction socket on postoperative day 7 in the CHX group compared to that in the control group (p<0.05). No other significant changes in clinical signs and symptoms were observed among groups. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between curettage with physiological saline irrigation alone and the addition of Alveogyl, 0.8% HA, or 0.2% CHX in the reduction of pain in alveolar osteitis. Nonetheless, CHX may reduce inflammation around the extraction sockets.   How to cite this article: Dereci Ö, Görkem T, Koşar YÇ. The comparison of the efficacy of Alveogyl, 0.8% Hyaluronic acid, and 0.2% Chlorhexidine Digluconate in alveolar osteitis. Int Dent Res 2021;11(1):6-11. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.2   Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

scholarly journals OP0224 FILGOTINIB TREATMENT LEADS TO RAPID AND SUSTAINED REDUCTIONS IN INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 140.1-140
Author(s):  
D. D. Gladman ◽  
W. Jiang ◽  
A. Hertz ◽  
V. Malkov ◽  
O. K. Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Background:Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disease characterized by musculoskeletal and cutaneous inflammation. In the recent EQUATOR study (NCT03101670), patients (pts) with active PsA receiving the oral, selective Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor filgotinib (FIL) had significant and sustained improvements versus placebo (PBO) in clinical signs and symptoms. We present here updated results of the EULAR 2019 presentation of EQUATOR on circulating biomarkers in PsA.Objectives:To evaluate the impact of FIL on the levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, adhesion molecules, and markers of matrix remodeling in EQUATOR pts with active PsA.Methods:EQUATOR was a 16-week, double-blind, multicenter, Phase 2 study in pts with active PsA. Pts were randomized 1:1 to FIL 200 mg (n=65) or PBO (n=66) once daily. Serum samples (FIL n=60 and PBO n=61) were collected at baseline (BL) and at Weeks 1, 4, and 16. The association of BL biomarkers with PsA disease characteristics was analyzed by Spearman’s rank-order correlation. Biomarker changes from BL were assessed in time-paired serum samples using multiplex and high sensitivity ELISA-based assays. Analytes were grouped by hierarchical clustering; treatment effect on a biomarker was defined as a difference in change from BL between pts receiving FIL versus PBO. Improvements in PsA clinical signs and symptoms were determined by assessing changes from BL in a number of clinical disease activity scores including psoriatic arthritis disease activity score (PASDAS), psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) and disease activity index for psoriatic arthritis (DAPSA) scores.Results:BL levels of numerous biomarkers were associated (p<0.05) with clinical measures of PsA. Several clusters of biomarkers were identified based on the rate and magnitude of FIL treatment response. Cluster 1 included biomarkers with substantial reductions from BL with FIL by week 1, such as the acute phase proteins CRP and SAA (>50%), and the inflammatory mediators IL-6, CXCL10, and IL-23 (>25%). Cluster 2 included biomarkers of cell adhesion (ICAM-1, VCAM1) with a 5%–15% reduction from BL with FIL by week 1. Cluster 3 included biomarkers of matrix remodeling (MMP1, SC1M) with a delayed >25% reduction from BL with FIL that was significant by Week 4. Finally, Cluster 4 included biomarkers with a modest (5%–10%) increase from BL with FIL (Eotaxin, IL-15, and adiponectin). Spearman rank correlation analyses showed that at BL, many biomarkers were positively associated with disease scores, and tended to segregate between psoriasis weighted scores such as PASI and arthritis weighted scores such as DAPSA. The observed decrease in proinflammatory cytokines were associated with on-treatment improvements from BL in disease score for pts receiving FIL.Conclusion:Compared with PBO, FIL significantly decreased BL levels of circulating biomarkers associated with PsA disease activity, including proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, adhesion molecules, and markers of matrix remodeling. The observed decreases in circulating proinflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of both bone pathobiology and psoriatic disease suggest that FIL improves PsA clinical signs and symptoms at a molecular level. These findings are consistent with reduced disease activity in pts with PsA and suggest that FIL treatment leads to a rapid and sustained reduction of inflammation in PsA.Acknowledgments:This study was funded by Gilead Sciences, Inc. Editorial support was provided by Fishawack Communications Inc and funded by Gilead Sciences, Inc.Disclosure of Interests:Dafna D Gladman Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen Inc., BMS, Celgene Corporation, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB – grant/research support, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen Inc., BMS, Celgene Corporation, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB – consultant, Wendy Jiang Shareholder of: Gilead Sciences Inc., Employee of: Gilead Sciences Inc., Angie Hertz Shareholder of: Gilead Sciences Inc, Employee of: Gilead Sciences Inc, Vlad Malkov Shareholder of: Gilead Sciences Inc., Employee of: Gilead Sciences Inc., Oh Kyu Yoon Shareholder of: Gilead Sciences Inc., Employee of: Gilead Sciences Inc., Mona Trivedi Shareholder of: Amgen and Gilead Sciences, Employee of: Gilead Sciences, Muhsen Alani Employee of: Gilead Sciences, Lene Vestergaard Shareholder of: Gilead Sciences Inc., Employee of: Gilead Sciences Inc., Robin Besuyen Shareholder of: Galapagos, Employee of: Galapagos, René Galien Shareholder of: Galapagos, Employee of: Galapagos, Amer M. Mirza Shareholder of: Gilead Sciences Inc., Employee of: Gilead Sciences Inc., Vinod Chandran Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Celgene, Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lily, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Employee of: Spouse employed by Eli Lily

Do Sideline Tests of Vestibular and Oculomotor Function Accurately Diagnose Sports-Related Concussion in Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110279
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Harris ◽  
Alasdair R. Dempsey ◽  
Katherine Mackie ◽  
Doug King ◽  
Mark Hecimovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Background: Sports-related concussion (SRC) assessment tools are primarily based on subjective assessments of somatic, cognitive, and psychosocial/emotional symptoms. SRC symptoms remain underreported, and objective measures of SRC impairments would be valuable to assist diagnosis. Measurable impairments to vestibular and oculomotor processing have been shown to occur after SRC and may provide valid objective assessments. Purpose: Determine the diagnostic accuracy of sideline tests of vestibular and oculomotor dysfunction to identify SRC in adults. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Electronic databases and gray literature were searched from inception until February 12, 2020. Physically active individuals (>16 years of age) who participated in sports were included. The reference standard for SRC was a combination of clinical signs and symptoms (eg, the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool [SCAT]), and index tests included any oculomotor assessment tool. The QUADAS tool was used to assess risk of bias, with the credibility of the evidence being rated according to GRADE. Results: A total of 8 studies were included in this review. All included studies used the King-Devick test, with no other measures being identified. Meta-analysis was performed on 4 studies with a summary sensitivity and specificity of 0.77 and 0.82, respectively. The overall credibility of the evidence was rated as very low. Conclusion: Caution must be taken when interpreting these results given the very low credibility of the evidence, and the true summary sensitivity and specificity may substantially differ from the values calculated within this systematic review. Therefore, we recommend that clinicians using the King-Devick test to diagnose SRC in adults do so in conjunction with other tools such as the SCAT. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42018106632.

scholarly journals Open Comparison Study between Augmentin and Ampicillin-Chloramphenicol in the Treatment of Bronchopneumonia in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 222-6
Author(s):  
M. Hardjono Abdoerrachman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Good Clinical Response ◽  
Single Drug ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Given

Sixty children under 2 years of age suffering from bronchopneumonia were evaluated for the effectiveness of the treatment. The first group consisted of 30 patients was treated with a single drug, i.e. , Augmentin (amoxycillin and clavulanic acid) as a study group. The second group was treated with a combination of ampicillin and chloramphenicol as a control group. The two groups showed good clinical response to the the given treatment. Clinical signs and symptoms of bronchopneumonia disappeared within the similar period in both groups, including decrease of fever, disappearance of dyspnea, and diminution or disappearance of rales. The clinical effectiveness in this study, as measured by the disappearance of clinical signs and symptoms, was considered to have a success rate of 82.1% in the study group and 72.2% in control group.

The Effects of Bonny Light Crude Oil (Blco) on the Helminth Parasite Heligmosomoides Bakeri (Polygrus) of Mice.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
V. E. Chukwu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Heligmosomoides Bakeri ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

This study examined the effect of crude oil on Heligmosomoides bakeri in albino mice. A total of 35 albino mice of 5-8 weeks were used for this study. The mice were randomly divided into five groups (A, B, C, D and E) of 5 mice each and infected with 0.13ml of H. bakeri larvae. Mice in the first two groups (A and B) were given crude oil per os at the concentrations of 0.2 and 0.05 mg/ml respectively. Those in group C were given Albendazole and group D infected but not treated. Group E was used as a naïve control group. Two other groups F and G were used for toxicity test. All mice were observed for clinical signs and symptoms of abnormality all through the study and all parameters were assessed following standard procedures for 5 weeks. Administration of crude oil per os to mice in groups A and B at the dose levels used in this study showed no significant (p>0.05) changes in PCV, body weight and fecal egg counts of the mice. There was a significant (p<0.05) difference in larval mortality test between the crude oil treated groups compared to the control group by their movement (if normal, moving or dead i.e. no observed motion within 10 mins). The Albendazole group C had the least worm burden and fecal egg count compared to the groups treated with different concentration of Crude oil. In conclusion, it may be suggested that heavily infected animals may not respond to treatment with crude oil against nematodes which discredit the unorthodox folklore medicine for parasitic treatment by some rural. Its effect on the worms appeared to be transient.

scholarly journals Handling of Sore Noses: a Proof of Concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-517
Author(s):  
Nadine Wurzer-Materna ◽  
Uta Thieme ◽  
Dieter Werdier ◽  
Peter Meiser
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Ointment Base ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
And Control

Abstract Dryness and soreness of the anterior part of the nose frequently occur and hinder patients’ quality of life. Nasal ointments are broadly applied in such cases, bringing about at least subjective improvement of clinical signs and symptoms. The mode of action of such treatments is occlusion of the wounded skin parts, which is commonly already achieved by the ointment base. However, the clinical benefit of such treatments has yet to be proven. In this trial, 100 patients suffering from soreness of the anterior part of the nose were randomized to receive either an anhydrous nasal ointment or no local treatment. Area under the curve built from daily average scores of the symptoms sensation of dryness, soreness, scaliness, and pain, evaluated by the patients on a daily basis over a period of 9 days, was the predefined primary endpoint of this trial. Symptoms were furthermore assessed by the physicians, and patients allocated to the treatment group assessed their perceptions on the use of the nasal ointment on the initiation and the close-out visit. Clinical signs and symptoms improved significantly between the initial and close-out visits in both ointment and control groups. However, treatment with the nasal ointment proved to be significantly superior to no therapy. Both evaluation of patients’ perceptions of the treatment and tolerability assessment substantiate the safe and efficacious use of the tested nasal ointment.

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