CTNI-53. RADIATION TREATMENT VOLUMES BEFORE AND AFTER BRAF/MEK THERAPY IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED PAPILLARY CRANIOPHARYNGIOMAS: A CORRELATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ALLIANCE A071601 PHASE II TRIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi72-vi72
Author(s):  
Helen Shih ◽  
Shervin Tabrizi ◽  
Brian Kabat ◽  
Erin Twohy ◽  
Susan Geyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Correlative Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Therapy

Abstract PURPOSE Standard of care for craniopharyngiomas is surgery with or without radiotherapy (RT). Cohort A of Alliance A071601 evaluated the efficacy of BRAF/MEK inhibition with vemurafenib/cobimetinib in patients with previously untreated papillary craniopharyngiomas (PCP), which carry the BRAF V600E mutation. Cohort B is currently enrolling patients with recurrence after RT. In a correlative analysis, we examined changes in RT volumes after BRAF/MEK therapy in Cohort A. METHODS Previously unirradiated patients with BRAF-mutated PCP were treated with vemurafenib/cobimetinib. Sixteen patients had scans available before starting vemurafenib/cobimetinib (“pre-therapy”) and after completing therapy (“post-therapy”). Two patients went off study treatment after 8 and 9 days due to side-effects and were excluded for this analysis. Gross target volumes (GTV) were contoured on pre-therapy and post-therapy scans. On post-therapy scans, an additional target comprising gross disease and at-risk regions for microscopic residual disease (GTV-micro) was defined and considered the treatment volume. Clinical target volume (CTV) was a 5-mm uniform expansion on pre-therapy GTV and post-therapy GTV-micro. Volumes were independently reviewed by two radiation oncologists. Changes in volumes from pre- versus post-therapy were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS In 14 patients evaluated, 57% were female and median age at enrollment was 49.5 years (range 33-83). Median time on treatment was 8.9 months (range 4.0-18.0). Median GTV pre-therapy was 3.8 mL (range 0.2-23.4) versus 0.3 mL (range 0.0-3.2) post-therapy (p=0.0001) and 1.7 mL (range 0.1-8.0) post-therapy GTV-micro (p=0.0001). Median CTV pre-therapy was 13.7 mL (range 2.8-51.8) versus 9.1 mL (range 2.2-27.5) post-therapy (p=0.0001). All tumors abutted the optic chiasm pre-therapy, only 6 did post-therapy. CONCLUSIONS Vemurafenib/cobimetinib resulted in smaller RT volumes. BRAF/MEK inhibitors could reduce RT volumes and spare dose to surrounding normal structures. Enrollment to Cohort B of Alliance A071601 should be considered for patients with recurrent tumors after RT. SUPPORT https://acknowledgments.alliancefound.org

scholarly journals Improving indicators of tuberculosis program cascades by leveraging HIV program strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
S. C. Meribe ◽  
E. Harausz ◽  
I. Lawal ◽  
A. Ogundeji ◽  
C. Mbanefo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Military Hospitals ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Army Medical Research ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Background: To improve rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) case detection and treatment, the Nigerian Ministry of Defense Health Implementation Program and the US Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Nigeria introduced a HIV standard of care (SOC) package. Given the integration of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV programs and evolving policies, we evaluated the impact of this strategy on TB program indicators.Methods: Routine, de-identified program data from 27 Nigerian military hospitals were analyzed. Using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, bivariate analyses were performed to compare data from 12 months before and after implementation of the SOC package.Results: Our data showed improvements post-implementation as follows: the number of individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) screened for TB increased from 14 530 to 29 467 (P < 0.001); the number of individuals with presumptive TB identified increased from 803 to 1800 (P < 0.001); the number of ART clients bacteriologically tested for TB increased from 746 to 1717 (P < 0.001); and the number of ART clients treated for TB increased from 152 to 282 (P < 0.001). Newly registered or relapsed TB cases increased from 436 to 906 (P < 0.001), the number of TB cases with known HIV status increased from 437 to 837 (P < 0.001), the number of TB-HIV co-infected cases increased from 182 to 301 (P = 0.006), and the number of TB-HIV co-infected clients who started ART increased from 101 to 176 (P = 0.003).Conclusion: The implementation of the updated HIV SOC package led to the improvement in key TB diagnosis and treatment indicators. When emulated, this could help improve the performance of other TB programs in countries other than Nigeria.

scholarly journals [68Ga]-DOTATATE PET/MRI as an adjunct imaging modality for radiation treatment planning of meningiomas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean S Mahase ◽  
Diana A Roth O’Brien ◽  
Diana No ◽  
Michelle Roytman ◽  
Myrto E Skafida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Target Delineation ◽  
Target Volumes

Abstract Background Meningiomas express high levels of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2). SSTR-2 targeted PET imaging with [68Ga]-DOTATATE can aid with distinguishing residual meningioma from reactive changes in the postoperative setting. We present initial dosimetric analyses, acute events and local control data utilizing [68Ga]-DOTATATE PET/MRI-assisted target delineation for prospectively-treated intermediate-risk meningiomas. Methods Twenty-nine patients underwent DOTATATE PET/MRI meningioma evaluation in 2019. Eight patients with 9 postoperative meningiomas met RTOG 0539 intermediate-risk criteria (recurrent WHO grade I, 1/9; WHO grade II, 8/9). Target volumes were created using DOTATATE PET/MRI to determine residual disease and received a nominal dose of 35.0 Gy over 5 fractions. For comparison, cases were recontoured and planned with MRI alone per RTOG 0539 guidelines. Mean and maximum equivalent 2 Gy doses were generated for target volumes and organs at risk (OAR) within 1 cm of the PTV and compared using Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test. Results DOTATATE PET/MRI-guided planning significantly reduced mean PTV (11.12 cm 3 compared to 71.39 cm 3 based on MRI alone, p &lt;0.05) and mean and max dose to the whole brain, optic nerves and scalp. PET/MRI plans resulted in at least 50% reduction of mean and max doses to the lens, eyes, chiasm, cochlea, brainstem, and hippocampi. One patient experienced focal alopecia. There were no local recurrences at 6 months. Conclusion Incorporating DOTATATE-PET/MRI for postoperative target delineation in patients with intermediate-risk intracranial meningiomas results in PTV reduction and decreased OAR dose. Our findings warrant larger studies evaluating DOTATATE-PET/MRI in the radiotherapeutic planning of postoperative meningiomas.

scholarly journals Cochlea sparing optimized radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enkelejda Lamaj ◽  
Erwin Vu ◽  
Janita E. van Timmeren ◽  
Chiara Leonardi ◽  
Louise Marc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Conformity Index ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Abstract Background Definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is standard of care for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Due to the tumor localization and concomitant platinum-based chemotherapy, hearing impairment is a frequent complication, without defined dose-threshold. In this study, we aimed to achieve the maximum possible cochleae sparing. Materials and methods Treatment plans of 20 patients, treated with CRT (6 IMRT and 14 VMAT) based on the QUANTEC organs-at-risk constraints were investigated. The cochleae were re-delineated independently by two radiation oncologists, whereas target volumes and other organs at risk (OARs) were not changed. The initial plans, aiming to a mean cochlea dose < 45 Gy, were re-optimized with VMAT, using 2–2.5 arcs without compromising the dose coverage of the target volume. Mean cochlea dose, PTV coverage, Homogeneity Index, Conformity Index and dose to other OAR were compared to the reference plans. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to evaluate differences, a p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The re-optimized plans achieved a statistically significant lower dose for both cochleae (median dose for left and right 14.97 Gy and 18.47 Gy vs. 24.09 Gy and 26.05 Gy respectively, p < 0.001) compared to the reference plans, without compromising other plan quality parameters. The median NTCP for tinnitus of the most exposed sites was 11.3% (range 3.52–91.1%) for the original plans, compared to 4.60% (range 1.46–90.1%) for the re-optimized plans (p < 0.001). For hearing loss, the median NTCP of the most exposed sites could be improved from 0.03% (range 0–99.0%) to 0.00% (range 0–98.5%, p < 0.001). Conclusions A significantly improved cochlea sparing beyond current QUANTEC constraints is feasible without compromising the PTV dose coverage in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with VMAT. As there appears to be no threshold for hearing toxicity after CRT, this should be considered for future treatment planning.

Eight cycles of BEACOPP escalated compared with 4 cycles of BEACOPP escalated followed by 4 cycles of BEACOPP baseline with or without radiotherapy in patients in advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): Final analysis of the HD12 trial of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG)

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8544-8544 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Diehl ◽  
H. Haverkamp ◽  
R. Mueller ◽  
H. Mueller-Hermelink ◽  
T. Cerny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Disease ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Significant Difference

8544 Background: The GHSG HD9 trial had established BEACOPP escalated (BE) as new standard of care for advanced-stage HL patients. The successor study, HD12, evaluated a possible reduction in toxicity by comparing 8 cycles of BE with 4 cycles BE followed by 4 cycles BB. The second question in this trial related to the need of additional radiotherapy (RT) to initial bulk and residual disease. Methods: HL patients in stage IIB with large mediastinal mass and/or E-lesions or stage III/IV were randomised according to a 2x2-factorial design between: 8BE + RT, 8BE no RT, 4BE+4BB + RT, 4BE+4BB no RT. Primary endpoint of the trial was FFTF. Between 9/1999 and 1/2003, a total of 1,670 patients aged 16–65 were randomized. For this final analysis at a median follow up of 78 months, 99 patients were excluded for various reasons resulting in 1,571 eligible patients. Results: Patient characteristics in the 4 groups were comparable. Treatment-related toxicity of WHO grade III/IV was observed in 97% of patients. Most prominent differences between pooled chemotherapy arms were anemia (65% 8BE vs 51% 4BE+4BB) and thrombopenia (65% vs 51%). Treatment outcome: complete remission 92.4%; early progression 2.2%; progression/relapse 7.8% (6.6% and 8.5%). A total of 156 (9.9%) deaths (72 vs 84) have been observed (22 vs 32 acute or salvage treatment toxicity; 15 vs 24 HL; 22 vs 13 secondary neoplasia). Most treatment related deaths occurred in the >60 years age group, the first 4 cycles and the IPS> 3 RF groups. Secondary neoplasias were observed in 77 patients (4.9%). At 5 years, OS was 91%, FFTF 85.5% and progression free survival (PFS) 86.2% (Kaplan-Meier estimates). Estimates for the difference at 5 years are 1.8% for OS, 2.3% for FFTF and 2.7% for PFS favoring BE. However, there was no statistical difference between 8x BE and 4BE+4BB in all outcome parameters (p>0.19, log rank test). There is also no significant difference between the RT or no-RT arms in this study. Conclusions: The adoption of 4BE+4BB as a new standard in the future GHSG studies will depend on a refined analysis of the total data set and will be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Enfortumab vedotin in FGFR3-mutated advanced urothelial carcinoma.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 458-458
Author(s):  
Min Yuen Teo ◽  
Neha Ratna ◽  
Ashley Marie Regazzi ◽  
Danielle Elise Zimmerman ◽  
Deaglan Joseph McHugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Repair Gene ◽  
Mutation Burden ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Altered Gene ◽  
Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Fgfr3 Mutations

458 Background: Enfortumab vedotin (EV) and, for those with FGFR3 mutations (FGFR3+), erdafitinib, are established therapeutic options for refractory advanced urothelial carcinoma. However, optimal sequencing of these agents remains undefined. Here, we report our experience of EV monotherapy with focus on patients (pts) with FGFR3 alterations. Methods: Pts who were treated with EV were identified. Clinical data and outcomes were extracted. Tumor genomic profiles by the MSK-IMPACT assay as part of standard of care were reviewed for FGFR3 and other commonly altered gene mutations and tumor mutation burden (TMB). Progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were measured from start of EV therapy and compared with unadjusted log-rank test. Results: 89 patients received EV on completed monotherapy studies (n = 37) or as standard of care. Median age was 62 years (IQR: 62 – 78), 71% were male (n = 63), 28% had liver metastases. Distribution per Bellmunt score (0 – 3) was: 12%, 42%, 37% and 9%. For the entire population, PFS and OS were 5.2 and 11.4 months, respectively, with response rate of 52% among 75 evaluable patients. MSK-IMPACT was available for 80 patients. Overall genomic profile was similar to TCGA cohort except for fewer DNA damage response/repair gene alterations – 15% (ERCC2: 2; ATM: 4, BRCA1: 2, BRCA2: 3, RAD51C: 1) and FGFR3+ rate of 33%. Median TMB was 8.9/Mb (IQR: 5.2 – 13.3). Of the 26 FGFR3+ pts, 8 and 1 received an FGFR3 inhibitor (FGFR3i) before and after EV, respectively. 17 pts have not been exposed to FGFR3i; 13 of whom have progressed on EV and 9 died. Compared to FGFR3- pts, FGFR3+ pts with no prior FGFRi had significantly shorter median PFS on EV (2.5 vs. 6.8 months; HR 0.33 [0.14 – 0.80] p < .01) and trend towards shorter median OS (4.9 vs. 14.6 months; HR 0.42 [0.16 – 1.08] p > .05). PFS on EV among FGFR3+ pts with prior FGFR3i exposure was 6.7 months, similar to FGFR3- pts (HR 0.77 [0.30 – 1.96] p = .6). Response rates for FGFR3+ with and without prior FGFRi, and FGFR3- pts on EV were 4/7 (50%), 5/13 (38%) and 29/48 (60%). Conclusions: In this retrospective study, FGFR+ patients who receive EV first appear to have shorter PFS and lower ORR than those who have received prior FGFRi. Prospective studies on the sequence of EV and FGFR3i in FGFR3+ pts are warranted.

PERBEDAAN FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE PASCA SECONDARY OFFERINGS

Wahana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Djaja Perdana ◽  
Herbowo Herbowo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Asset Turnover

This study aims to examine the differences in corporate financial performance before and after secondary offerings. The financial performance is proxied by WCR, DER, Solvency, ROA, ROE, Asset Turnover (ATO) and Growth ratio which representing the value of liquidity, financing, activity, performance and growth of the firm. The study involved 67 samples of the companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange conducting secondary offerings during 2008-2013 period and selected through purposive random sampling method and using Financial Statement data from 2005-2016 period. Hypothesis test is performed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant difference in the ratio of Solvency, ROA and ROE between before and after secondary offerings, but there are significant differences in the ratio of WCR, DER, Asset Turnover and Growth. WCR ratio after secondary offerings increased, while DER ratio after secondary offerings decreased, the condition of both ratios showed better performance. While the indication of poor performance seen in decreasing asset turnover ratio and growth ratio.Keywords : agency theory, financial performance, secondary offerings

The Degree of Subjective Complaints of Students Practice in Mechanical Technology Laboratories

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
I Ketut Widana
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Paired T Test

The working practice of the engineering students is part of the learning process that is irreducible and indispensable. The composition of  lecturing between theoretical and practical one is 40% to 60%. With this condition, the students spend more time at the laboratory. Generally, the students perform in the laboratory work by standing position. The design of research is observational cross-sectional. The method applied is observation, interview and measuring. The subjects of research are practicing students amounting to 21 students. Referring to the analysis of statistical test or Wilcoxon signed ranks test, the difference of effect of work position is significant, namely p < 0.05 towards musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) before and after working. The quantity of the average complaint after working is score 44.62 ± 9.47. The result of Wilcoxon signed rank test shows that there is significant different effects of standing work position, namely p < 0.05 towards fatigue generally before and after working. The degree of the working pulse is on the average of 110.78  ± 17.80 bpm (beats per minutes) which can be categorized into the medium workload. Using paired t-test, the result is p < 0.05.

scholarly journals A preliminary study on diabetes self-management education and glycemic control among patients with diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kisokanth G. ◽  
Indrakumar J. ◽  
Prathapan S. ◽  
Joseph J. ◽  
Ilankoon I.M.P.S.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Preliminary Study

This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of diabetes self-management education (DSME) in the improvement of glycemic control among patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka. The study was a prospective interventional study and conducted as a preliminary study at medical clinic, Base hospital, Kaluwanchikudy, Batticaloa. Thirty patients with T2DM were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A structured individual diabetes self-management education for 10 hours (one hour per week) was delivered to diabetic patients by the trained Nurse Health Educator. Glycosylate hemoglobin (HbA1c) was assessed as a main outcome measure and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Body Mass Index (BMI) of each patient were also measured and recorded before and after the intervention. The respondent rate was 96.7% (n = 29). Majority of them were females (n = 25, 86.2%). A Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that DSME had a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c [8.60 (IQR 2.60) vs. 7.40 (IQR 2.10), p = .000] and FBS level [159.00 (IQR 77.50) vs. 134.00 (IQR 40.50), p = .002] at 3 months of intervention. The mean BMI at baseline was higher compared to 3 months of intervention [24.88 (SD ± 3.06) vs. 24.19 (SD ± 2.79)] which was statistically significant (p = .000). Majority of participants (n = 22, 75.9%) had improved their HbA1c level by ≥ 0.5% in 3 months. The diabetes self-management education is an effective measure in improving glycemic control and other clinical parameters among patients with T2DM. Thus, DSME needs to be implemented among clinic patients with T2DM for the better outcome and the preventions of complications.

The potential role of an activity-based guitar program on the anxiety and fulfillment levels of younger relatives of cancer patients: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 025576142110273
Author(s):  
Erkan Sülün ◽  
Hüseyin Olgaçer ◽  
Hakkı Cengiz Eren
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Total State ◽  
Rank Differences

In this study, the authors evaluated the potential role of an activity-based guitar training program on reducing anxiety and providing fulfillment for younger relatives of cancer patients. Ten active members of KHYD (The Society for Relatives of Cancer Patients), between ages 11 and 17 participated in an 8-week guitar education program. The participants filled out two questionnaires before and after their engagement in the 8-week program, one to measure changes in their anxiety levels (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and the other to measure changes in their general fulfillment levels (Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale). Wilcoxon signed rank test, as well as descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of data. Mean rank differences were observed to be statistically significant with respect to total state and trait anxiety scores; in both cases, the participants’ scores decreased after their engagement in the program. Statistically significant mean rank differences were also observed in the overall MSLSS scores and its “friends” and “environment” sub-dimensions; with respect to these, participants’ scores increased after their engagement in the program. Recommendations for more comprehensive, larger-scale studies are given at the end.

scholarly journals MR-guided focused ultrasound liquid biopsy enriches circulating biomarkers in patients with brain tumors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Meng ◽  
Christopher B Pople ◽  
Suganth Suppiah ◽  
Maheleth Llinas ◽  
Yuexi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bbb Opening

Abstract Background Liquid biopsy is promising for early detection, monitoring of response and recurrence of cancer. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the shedding of biomarker, such as cell-free DNA (cfDNA), into the blood, and their detection by conventional assays. Transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) can safely and transiently open the BBB, providing an opportunity for less-invasive access to brain pathology. We hypothesized MRgFUS can enrich the signal of circulating brain-derived biomarkers to aid in liquid biopsy. Methods Nine patients were treated in a prospective single-arm, open-label trial to investigate serial MRgFUS and adjuvant temozolomide combination in patients with glioblastoma (NCT03616860). Blood samples were collected as an exploratory measure within the hours before and after sonication, with control samples from non-brain tumor patients undergoing BBB opening alone (NCT03739905). Results Brain regions averaging 7.8±6.0 cm 3 (range 0.8–23.1 cm 3) were successful treated within 111±39 minutes without any serious adverse events. We found MRgFUS acutely enhanced plasma cfDNA (2.6±1.2 fold, p&lt;0.01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (3.2±1.9 fold, p&lt;0.01), and brain specific protein S100b (1.4±0.2 fold, p&lt;0.01). Further comparison of the cfDNA methylation profiles suggests a signature that is disease and post-BBB opening specific, in keeping with our hypothesis. We also found cfDNA mutant copies of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) increased, although this was in only one patient known to harbour the tumor mutation. Conclusions This first-in-human proof-of concept study shows MRgFUS enriches the signal of circulating brain-derived biomarkers, demonstrating the potential of the technology to support liquid biopsy for the brain.

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