EPID-09. VARIATION IN GLIOMA INCIDENCE AMONG US HISPANICS BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION OF ORIGIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi87-vi87
Author(s):  
Kyle Walsh ◽  
Melissa Bondy ◽  
Carol Kruchko ◽  
Jason Huse ◽  
Christopher Amos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Central American ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
County Level ◽  
Hispanic Population ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Incidence Data

Abstract BACKGROUND Glioma incidence is 25% lower in U.S. Hispanics than in White non-Hispanics. The US Hispanic population is diverse and registry-based analyses may mask incidence differences associated with geographic/ancestral origins. METHODS County-level glioma incidence data in U.S. Hispanics were retrieved from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), which includes data from the Centers for Disease Control’s National Program of Cancer Registries and the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and covers ~100% of the U.S. population. American Community Survey (ACS) data were used to determine county-level proportion of the Hispanic population of Mexican/Central American origin, Caribbean origin (Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican), or other origin. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were generated to assess the association of glioma incidence in Hispanics with predominant origin group. RESULTS Compared to Hispanics living in predominantly Caribbean-origin counties, Hispanics in predominantly Mexican/Central American-origin counties were at lower age-adjusted risk of glioma (IRR=0.83; P< 0.0001), glioblastoma (IRR=0.86; P< 0.0001), diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma (IRR=0.78; P< 0.0001), oligodendroglioma (IRR=0.82; P< 0.0001), ependymoma (IRR=0.88; P=0.0121), and pilocytic astrocytoma (IRR=0.76; P< 0.0001). Associations were consistent in children and adults, and when using more granular regions of origin. However, Central American origin was associated with modestly increased incidence of several lower-grade glioma histologies. Associations were only partially attenuated after adjusting for state-level estimated of European admixture in Hispanics using 23andMe data. CONCLUSIONS Glioma incidence in U.S. Hispanics differs significantly in association with the geographic origins of the Hispanic community, with those of Mexican/Central American origin at significantly reduced risk relative to those of Caribbean origin. U.S. Hispanics are culturally, socioeconomically, and genetically diverse. Although classified as a single ethnic group in most registry data, more granular analytic approaches could advance cancer epidemiology and disparities research.

Birth and maternal characteristics, and childhood cancer in the United States: An ecological study.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10061-10061
Author(s):  
Guilherme Abreu Pereira ◽  
Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo ◽  
A. Lindsay Frazier ◽  
Paolo Boffetta ◽  
Karina Braga Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
State Level ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Lymphoid Leukemia ◽  
Maternal Characteristics

10061 Background: Childhood cancer is rare, yet it represents a major cause of mortality in this age group. Its etiology is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify associations between pre- and perinatal characteristics and cancer development in children below age 5. Methods: We developed an ecological study correlating birth information and childhood cancer incidence in 0-4 year old at the State level. The following variables were analyzed: birth weight (BW), preterm birth, maternal age, plurality, maternal smoking, chronic hypertension (CH), diabetes mellitus (DM), pregnancy associated hypertension (PH) and eclampsia. Birth characteristics were obtained from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) database (1995-2009), and childhood cancer incidence data from the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program (1999-2009). Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated with SAS 9.2 (Cary, NC). Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons, ie, only results with p£0.01 were considered significant. Results: Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) (r=0.47, p <0.001), astrocytoma (AST) (r=0.59, p <0.001), neuroblastoma (NB) (r=0.48, p <0.001) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) (r=0.51, p=0.003) were positively correlated with high BW (>4000g). ALL (r=0.46, p <0.001) was also positively correlated with advanced maternal age (40+ years). Moreover, a positive correlation was found between plurality and NB (r=0.50, p <0.001). Regarding maternal conditions, the following positive correlations were identified: DM with AST (r=0.40, p=0.009), NB (r=0.38, p=0.01) and WT (r=0.38, p=0.01). Conclusions: Well established correlations were replicated and new associations were suggested (e.g., AST and DM). In spite of the limitation of an ecological approach, this study provided new hypotheses to be explored in further analytical studies based on individual data.

scholarly journals Kaposi Sarcoma Rates Among Persons Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States: 2008—2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianlai Luo ◽  
Anna Satcher Johnson ◽  
H Irene Hall ◽  
Elizabeth K Cahoon ◽  
Meredith Shiels
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background Recent studies have suggested that Kaposi sarcoma (KS) rates might be increasing in some racial/ethnic groups, age groups, and US regions. We estimated recent US trends in KS incidence among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH). Methods Incident KS patients aged 20–59 years were obtained from 36 cancer registries and assumed to be living with HIV. The number of PLWH was obtained from national HIV surveillance data from 2008 to 2016. Age-standardized KS rates and annual percent changes (APCs) in rates were estimated by age, sex, race/ethnicity, state, and region. Results Between 2008 and 2016, the age-adjusted KS rate among PLWH was 116/100 000. Rates were higher among males, in younger age groups, and among white PLWH. Washington, Maine, and California had the highest KS rates among PLWH. KS rates among PLWH decreased significantly (average APC = −3.2% per year, P &lt; .001) from 136/100 000 to 97/100 000 between 2008 and 2016. There were no statistically significant increases in KS rates in any age, sex, or racial/ethnic group or in any geographic region or state. However, there were nondecreasing trends in some states and in younger age groups, primarily among black PLWH. Conclusions KS incidence rates among PLWH have decreased nationally between 2008 and 2016. Though there were no statistically significant increases in KS rates in any demographic or geographic group, nondecreasing/stagnant KS trends in some states and among younger and black PLWH highlight the need for early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection.

scholarly journals Effect of Population-Wide Hepatitis B Vaccination in Preventing Liver Cancer Among Children and Young Adults in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 11s-11s
Author(s):  
A.Z. Shams ◽  
V. Winkler ◽  
H. Pohlabeln ◽  
V. Arndt ◽  
U. Haug
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
The Us ◽  
Incident Cases

Background: Liver cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer worldwide1. In 2013, 79,2000 new cases of liver cancer and 818,000 deaths occurred globally2,3. Chronic infection with HBV accounts for at least 50% of liver cancer globally4. In the United States (US), liver cancer constitute the ninth leading cause of cancer death. The incidence of the cancer has persistently increased in the recent decades. Universal HBV vaccination was introduced in 1992 in the US. However, incidence trends of liver cancer among US children is poorly researched or relevant studies are not up-to-date5. Aim: This study aims to explore the effect of HBV population-wide vaccination program in reducing liver cancer incidence in the vaccinated children and adolescents in the US. Methods: Liver cancer incidence data were obtained from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) databases (volumes I to X) from International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC). Data acquisition and analysis covered available incidence data between 1978-2007 from 9 cancer registries from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) from the US presented in the CI5 databases. Age-specific incidence rates of liver cancer (based on 5 year age groups ie 5-9 year, 10-14 year and 15-19 years) were calculated using age and sex-disaggregated incidence and population data from the SEER cancer registries. Stata software version 14.0 (StataCorp, USA) was used to calculate age-specific incidence rates, using number of liver cancer incident cases in each age group by the number of population in the respective age group. Age-specific rates were analyzed by period of diagnosis and by birth year. Rate ratios were estimated from age-group-specific Poisson regressions. Results: A total of 140 liver cancer incident cases were registered in the 9 SEER registries between 1978 to 2007 in the US. The incidence rate of liver cancer in children 5 to 9 years of age from 1978-1982 was 0.10 per 100,000 children. The incidence increased to 0.16 for the period from 2003-2007. The same trend is seen for the age group 10-14 and 15-19 years of age. Overall, age-specific incidence rates for liver cancer increased across age groups of 5-9, 10-14 and 15-19 year in the population covered by the 9 SEER registries in the US. However, risk estimates (incidence rate ratios, resulted from age-group-specific Poisson regressions did not show statistical significant effects. Conclusion: While the global response to implement population-wide HBV vaccination program is out of question, efforts to establish processes to evaluate the effect of such programs seems to be incomparably limited. Estimating the effect of HBV vaccination will relatively improve with time as further incidence data become available eg upon publication of data from new volume of CI5 databases.

State- and County-Level Social Capital as Predictors of County-Level Suicide Rates in the United States: A Lagged Multilevel Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492097655
Author(s):  
Saloni Dev ◽  
Daniel Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Black People ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
County Level ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

From 1999 through 2017, age-adjusted suicide rates in the United States rose by 33% (from 10.5 to 14.0 per 100 000 population). Social capital, a key social determinant of health, could protect against suicide, but empirical evidence on this association is limited. Using multilevel data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we explored state- and county-level social capital as predictors of age-adjusted suicide rates pooled from 2010 through 2017 across 2112 US counties. In addition, we tested for causal mediation of these associations by state-level prevalence of depression. A 1-standard deviation increase in state-level social capital predicted lower county-level suicide mortality rates almost 2 decades later (0.87 fewer suicides per 100 000 population; P = .04). This association was present among non-Hispanic Black people and among men but not among non-Hispanic White people and women. We also found evidence of partial mediation by prevalence of depression. Our findings suggest that elevating state- and county-level social capital, such as through policy and local initiatives, may help to reverse the trend of rising suicide rates in the United States.

scholarly journals Lung Cancer Incidence Patterns in Four Countries of the Middle East Cancer Consortium (Cyprus, Jordan, Israel, Izmir (Turkey)) with Comparison to the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Cancer Registry Data

Lung Cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. LC incidence data from four Cancer Registries of the Middle East Cancer Consortium (Cyprus, Israel, Izmir/Turkey and Jordan) are reported with the aim to examine the differences between these four countries and SEER. Cancer registry data on invasive lung cancer diagnoses for 2005-2010 were analyzed. Age-Standardized incidence Rates (ASR) and age distribution were calculated. The percentage of microscopically verified cases, the histological type and staging of the disease were also captured. There is a greater than 4-fold difference in the total ASR for LC between Izmir/Turkey (51.6) and Jordan (11.6), whilst Cyprus (20.8), Israel Jewish (24.3) and Israel Arab (30.7) have intermediate ASRs. A much lower incidence was observed for women in the MECC countries compared to SEER (37.5), with Israeli Jews having the highest incidence (16.4). For men, both Turkey (98.0) and Israel Arab (54.3) have higher ASRs than SEER (52.5), whilst Jordan has the lowest (19.1). There is a larger proportion of adenocarcinoma in Cyprus and Israeli Jews, and of squamous cell cancer in Turkey. The proportion of patients with metastatic disease is between 52-60.8% for Cyprus, Israel, Izmir Turkey and SEER, but higher at 71.1% in Jordan. Despite the close geographic proximity there are significant differences in LC incidence rates, age distribution, histological types and staging in the four MECC countries that need to be taken into consideration in the design of cancer control and prevention activities in these countries.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage Index: Identifying barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake across U.S. counties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anubhuti Mishra ◽  
Staci Sutermaster ◽  
Peter Smittenaar ◽  
Nicholas Stewart ◽  
Sema Sgaier
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
County Level ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
High Concern ◽  
Level Of Concern

Importance: The United States is in a race against time to vaccinate its population to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. With limited resources, a proactive, targeted effort is needed to reach widespread community immunity. Objective: Identify county-level barriers to achieving rapid COVID-19 vaccine coverage and validate the index against vaccine rollout data. Design: Ecological study Setting: Population-based Participants: Longitudinal COVID-19 vaccination coverage data for 50 states and the District of Columbia and 3118 counties from January 12 through May 25, 2021. Exposure(s): The COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage index (CVAC) ranks states and counties on barriers to coverage through 28 indicators across 5 themes: historic undervaccination, sociodemographic barriers, resource-constrained health system, healthcare accessibility barriers, and irregular care-seeking behaviors. A score of 0 indicates the lowest level of concern, whereas a score of 1 indicates the highest level of concern. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): State-level vaccine administrations from January 12 through May 25, 2021, provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Our World In Data. County-level vaccine coverage as of May 25, 2021, provided by the CDC. Results: As of May 25, 2021, the CVAC strongly correlated with the percentage of population fully vaccinated against COVID-19 by county (r = -0.39, p=2.2x10-16) and state (r=-0.77, p=4.9x10-11). Low-concern states and counties have fully vaccinated 26.5% [t=6.8, p=1.7x10-7] and 26% (t=22.0, p=2.2x10-16) more people, respectively, compared to their high-concern counterparts. This vaccination gap is at its highest point since the start of vaccination and continues to grow. Higher concern on each of the five themes predicts a lower rate of vaccination at the county level (all p<.001). We identify five types of counties with distinct barrier profiles. Conclusions and Relevance: The CVAC measures underlying barriers to vaccination and is strongly associated with the speed of rollout. As the coverage gap between high- and low-concern regions continues to grow, the CVAC can inform a precision public health response targeted to underlying barriers.

Measuring State and District Ideology with Spatial Realignment

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Monogan ◽  
Jeff Gill
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
State Level ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Available Information

We develop a new approach for modeling public sentiment by micro-level geographic region based on Bayesian hierarchical spatial modeling. Recent production of detailed geospatial political data means that modeling and measurement lag behind available information. The output of the models gives not only nuanced regional differences and relationships between states, but more robust state-level aggregations that update past research on measuring constituency opinion. We rely here on the spatial relationships among observations and units of measurement in order to extract measurements of ideology as geographically narrow as measured covariates. We present an application in which we measure state and district ideology in the United States in 2008.

scholarly journals A “Swiss paradox” in the United States? Level of spatial aggregation changes the association between income inequality and morbidity for older Americans

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Cohen ◽  
Mary L. Greaney ◽  
Ann C. Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial Aggregation ◽  
County Level ◽  
Aggregation Level

AbstractAlthough a preponderance of research indicates that increased income inequality negatively impacts population health, several international studies found that a greater income inequality was associated with better population health when measured on a fine geographic level of aggregation. This finding is known as a “Swiss paradox”. To date, no studies have examined variability in the associations between income inequality and health outcomes by spatial aggregation level in the US. Therefore, this study examined associations between income inequality (Gini index, GI) and population health by geographic level using a large, nationally representative dataset of older adults. We geographically linked respondents’ county data from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to 2012 American Community Survey data. Using generalized linear models, we estimated the association between GI decile on the state and county levels and five population health outcomes (diabetes, obesity, smoking, sedentary lifestyle and self-rated health), accounting for confounders and complex sampling. Although state-level GI was not significantly associated with obesity rates (b = − 0.245, 95% CI − 0.497, 0.008), there was a significant, negative association between county-level GI and obesity rates (b = − 0.416, 95% CI − 0.629, − 0.202). State-level GI also associated with an increased diabetes rate (b = 0.304, 95% CI 0.063, 0.546), but the association was not significant for county-level GI and diabetes rate (b = − 0.101, 95% CI − 0.305, 0.104). Associations between both county-level GI and state-level GI and current smoking status were also not significant. These findings show the associations between income inequality and health vary by spatial aggregation level and challenge the preponderance of evidence suggesting that income inequality is consistently associated with worse health. Further research is needed to understand the nuances behind these observed associations to design informed policies and programs designed to reduce socioeconomic health inequities among older adults.

scholarly journals Grocery food taxes and U.S. county obesity and diabetes rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiao Wang ◽  
Yuqing Zheng ◽  
Steven Buck ◽  
Diansheng Dong ◽  
Harry M. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
County Level ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Abstract Background Grocery food taxes represent a stable tax revenue stream for state and municipal government during times of adverse economic shocks such as that observed under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Previous research, however, suggests a possible mechanism through which grocery taxes may adversely affect health. Our objectives are to document the spatial and temporal variation in grocery taxes and to empirically examine the statistical relationship between county-level grocery taxes and obesity and diabetes. Methods We collect and assemble a novel national dataset of annual county and state-level grocery taxes from 2009 through 2016. We link this data to three-year, county-level estimates based on data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on rates of obesity and diabetes and provide a nation-wide spatial characterization of grocery taxes and these two health outcomes. Using a county-level fixed effects estimator, we estimate the effect of grocery taxes on obesity and diabetes rates, also controlling for a subset of potential confounders that vary over time. Results We find a 1 percentage point increase in grocery taxes is associated with 0.588 and 0.215 percentage point increases in the county-level obesity and diabetes rates. Conclusion Counties with grocery taxes have increased prevalence of obesity and diabetes. We estimate the economic burden of increased obesity and diabetes rates resulting from grocery taxes to be $5.9 billion. Based on this estimate, the benefit-cost ratio of removing grocery taxes across the United States only considering the effects on obesity and diabetes rates is 1.90.

scholarly journals Real-time, interactive website for US-county level Covid-19 event risk assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aroon Chande ◽  
Seolha Lee ◽  
Mallory Harris ◽  
Troy Hilley ◽  
Clio Andris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
County Level ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Event Risk ◽  
Per Capita

Large events and gatherings, particularly those taking place indoors, have been linked to multi-transmission events that have accelerated the pandemic spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To provide real-time, geo-localized risk information, we developed an interactive online dashboard that estimates the risk that at least one individual with SARS-CoV-2 is present in gatherings of different sizes in the United States. The website combines documented case reports at the county level with ascertainment bias information obtained via population-wide serological surveys to estimate real time circulating, per-capita infection rates. These rates are updated daily as a means to visualize the risk associated with gatherings, including county maps and state-level plots. The website provides data-driven information to help individuals and policy-makers make prudent decisions (e.g., increasing mask wearing compliance and avoiding larger gatherings) that could help control the spread of SARS-CoV-2, particularly in hard-hit regions.

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