scholarly journals Ionic Liquid-Based electrolytes for CO2 electroreduction and CO2 electroorganic transformation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxing Tan ◽  
Xiaofu Sun ◽  
Buxing Han
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
New Type ◽  
Conversion Performance

Abstract CO2 is an abundant and renewable C1 feedstock. Electrochemical transformation of CO2 can integrate CO2 fixation with renewable electricity storage, providing an avenue to close the anthropogenic carbon cycle. As a new type of green and chemically tailorable solvents, ionic liquids (ILs) have been proposed as the highly promising alternatives for conventional electrolytes in electrochemical CO2 conversion. This review summarizes major advances in the electrochemical transformation of CO2 into value-added carbonic fuels and chemicals in IL-based media in the past several years. Both the direct CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) and CO2-involved electroorganic transformation (CO2EOT) are discussed, focusing on the effect of electrocatalysts, IL components, reactor configurations, and operating conditions on the catalytic activity, selectivity, and reusability. The reasons for the enhanced CO2 conversion performance by ILs are also discussed, which provides guidance for the rational design of novel IL-based electrochemical processes for CO2 conversion. Finally, the critical challenges remaining in this research area and promising directions for future research are proposed.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1113
Author(s):  
Hanyu Cong ◽  
Haibo Yuan ◽  
Zekun Tao ◽  
Hanlin Bao ◽  
Zheming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Biodegradable Polyesters ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Furandicarboxylic Acid

Converting biomass into high value-added compounds has attracted great attention for solving fossil fuel consumption and global warming. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been considered as a versatile biomass-derived building block that can be used to synthesize a variety of sustainable fuels and chemicals. Among these derivatives, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a desirable alternative to petroleum-derived terephthalic acid for the synthesis of biodegradable polyesters. Herein, to fully understand the current development of the catalytic conversion of biomass to FDCA, a comprehensive review of the catalytic conversion of cellulose biomass to HMF and the oxidation of HMF to FDCA is presented. Moreover, future research directions and general trends of using biomass for FDCA production are also proposed.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of SLM-Printed Aluminium Alloys: A Review

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panneer Ponnusamy ◽  
Rizwan Abdul Rahman Rashid ◽  
Syed Hasan Masood ◽  
Dong Ruan ◽  
Suresh Palanisamy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Future Research Directions

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a powder bed fusion type metal additive manufacturing process which is being applied to manufacture highly customised and value-added parts in biomedical, defence, aerospace, and automotive industries. Aluminium alloy is one of the widely used metals in manufacturing parts in SLM in these sectors due to its light weight, high strength, and corrosion resistance properties. Parts used in such applications can be subjected to severe dynamic loadings and high temperature conditions in service. It is important to understand the mechanical response of such products produced by SLM under different loading and operating conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest research carried out in understanding the mechanical properties of aluminium alloys processed by SLM under static, dynamic, different build orientations, and heat treatment conditions with the aim of identifying research gaps and future research directions.

Catalytic esterification of bioglycerol to value-added products

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei San Kong ◽  
Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua ◽  
Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Homogeneous Acid

AbstractThe inevitably low value of bioglycerol has led to extensive investigations on glycerol conversion to value-added chemicals. This review focuses on the industrially important catalytic esterification of glycerol with oleic acid attributable to its high commercial value. Conventionally, the catalytic esterification of long-chain fatty acids with glycerol is operated at extreme operating conditions (homogeneous acid catalyst, high temperature, and intensive vacuum system). Because of these, rational design of reliable solid acid catalysts for water-sensitive esterification process is needed in order to enhance existing process condition. Up until now, the recent development of efficient and environmentally benign catalysts for esterification of glycerol with oleic acid has not been captured in any review. Therefore, the current literatures of catalytic esterification of glycerol with oleic acid and their affecting parameters are primarily discussed in this review. This review has shown that the hydrophobicity surface of catalysts is vital to boost up the reaction activity of polar glycerol and immiscible phase behavior of reactants. In addition, the concluding remarks for catalyst selectivity of glycerol monooleate, dioleate, and trioleate synthesis are presented. The paper also highlights the research gaps and future direction of this important research field.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence in business models as a tool for managing digital risks in international markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Luka Buntić ◽  
Mate Damić ◽  
Ines Dužević
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Value Added ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Local Market ◽  
New Type

Research background: Through the ongoing trend of digitalization, organizations competing in international markets are getting more exposed to different technology related risks. Globalization and technology support enabled small tech-based companies to scale and expand their business. On the other hand, this has also led to a significant rise of different types of threats. Companies engaged in the process of internalization are more exposed to digital risks than companies competing on the local market. In order to help their companies to manage digital risks, governments use relevant institutions and resources. However, many organizations still largely depend on their own capabilities. A growing number of organizations uses artificial intelligence in business models as a new type of response to digital risks. Artificial intelligence could be the missing link that will help connect organizational and government resources for successful management of digital risks. Purpose of the article: To shed more light on this understudied issue, we conducted a literature review on the use of artificial intelligence in business models as a tool for managing digital risks on the global market. Methods: Literature review. Findings & Value added: We analysed the key determinants of artificial intelligence, their use in business models, and the way it can help organizations manage digital risks. Literature review summarizes the most important research on the topic and proposes new avenues for future research.

Controllable Encapsulation of Silver Nanoparticles by Porous Pyridine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient CO2 Conversion Using Propargylic Amines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yize Zhang ◽  
Xingwang Lan ◽  
Fanyong Yan ◽  
Xingyue He ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Covalent Organic Frameworks ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals

Conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals is an attractive alternative to produce valuable fuels and chemicals. In this work, we demonstrate two pyridine-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with rich porosity...

scholarly journals Single-atom catalyst: a rising star for green synthesis of fine chemicals

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilei Zhang ◽  
Yujing Ren ◽  
Wengang Liu ◽  
Aiqin Wang ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fine Chemicals

Abstract The green synthesis of fine chemicals calls for a new generation of efficient and robust catalysts. Single-atom catalysts (SACs), in which all metal species are atomically dispersed on a solid support, and which often consist of well-defined mononuclear active sites, are expected to bridge homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for liquid-phase organic transformations. This review summarizes major advances in the SAC-catalysed green synthesis of fine chemicals in the past several years, with a focus on the catalytic activity, selectivity and reusability of SACs in various organic reactions. The relationship between catalytic performance and the active site structure is discussed in terms of the valence state, coordination environment and anchoring chemistry of single atoms to the support, in an effort to guide the rational design of SACs in this special area, which has traditionally been dominated by homogeneous catalysis. Finally, the challenges remaining in this research area are discussed and possible future research directions are proposed.

scholarly journals Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol into Hydrogen and Value-Added Chemicals: Recent Research Advances

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1455
Author(s):  
Yulin Hu ◽  
Quan He ◽  
Chunbao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cooking Oils

In recent decades, the use of biomass as alternative resources to produce renewable and sustainable biofuels such as biodiesel has gained attention given the situation of the progressive exhaustion of easily accessible fossil fuels, increasing environmental concerns, and a dramatically growing global population. The conventional transesterification of edible, nonedible, or waste cooking oils to produce biodiesel is always accompanied by the formation of glycerol as the by-product. Undeniably, it is essential to economically use this by-product to produce a range of valuable fuels and chemicals to ensure the sustainability of the transesterification process. Therefore, recently, glycerol has been used as a feedstock for the production of value-added H2 and chemicals. In this review, the recent advances in the catalytic conversion of glycerol to H2 and high-value chemicals are thoroughly discussed. Specifically, the activity, stability, and recyclability of the catalysts used in the steam reforming of glycerol for H2 production are covered. In addition, the behavior and performance of heterogeneous catalysts in terms of the roles of active metal and support toward the formation of acrolein, lactic acid, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,2-propanediol from glycerol are reviewed. Recommendations for future research and main conclusions are provided. Overall, this review offers guidance and directions for the sufficient and economical utilization of glycerol to generate fuels and high value chemicals, which will ultimately benefit industry, environment, and economy.

Rational design of nanocatalysts for ambient ammonia electrosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Wu ◽  
Weiwei Guo ◽  
Xiaofu Sun ◽  
Buxing Han
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Nano Structure

Abstract Ammonia (NH3) is one of the key commercial chemicals and carbon-free energy carriers. It is mainly made by Haber-Bosch process under high temperature and high pressure, which consumes huge amount of energy and releases large amounts of CO2. Developing sustainable approaches to its production is of great importance. Powered by a renewable electricity source, electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR) and nitrate reduction reaction (NITRR) are potential routes to synthesize NH3 under ambient conditions. This review summarizes major recent advances in the NRR and NITRR, especially for several years. Some fundamentals for NRR and NITRR are first introduced. Afterward, the design strategies of nanocatalysts are discussed, mainly focusing on nano-structure construction/nanoconfinement, doping/defects engineering and single-atom engineering. Finally, the critical challenges remaining in this research area and promising directions for future research are discussed.

Sustainable 2,5-furandicarboxylic synthesis by a direct 5-hydroxymethylfurfural fuel cell based on a bifunctional PtNiSx catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (88) ◽  
pp. 13611-13614
Author(s):  
Jialu Wang ◽  
Xian Zhang ◽  
Guozhong Wang ◽  
Yunxia Zhang ◽  
Haimin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
New Type

A new type of direct 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation fuel cell based on a bifunctional PtNiSx/CB catalyst not only transformed chemical energy into electric energy but also converted HMF into value-added 2,5-furandicarboxylic (FDCA).

Cut Flowers Being Sold as Impulse Items: A Look at Factors Affecting Impulse Product Merchandising

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 558c-558
Author(s):  
Jennifer B. Neujahr ◽  
Karen L.B. Gast
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
New Type ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Way

Consumer behavior research seems to play an big role in determining the wants and needs of an industry. This research helps to shape the way we market to the consumers and helps make marketing strategies more effective. In the 1950s grocery stores began to sell horticulture products in order to alleviate the growers' surplus. Supermarkets now have seem to found their niche in this market due to the fact that they can influence their consumers to buy their flowers right along with their bread, and get all of their shopping done at once. This new type of sale, commonly referred to as the impulse sale, can relate directly to how well the store is merchandised and maintained. A study was conducted at a local supermarket, to determine the following: good locations for impulse sales items, special conditions affecting impulse sales items, and what types of things could affect demand for impulse items. It was discovered that certain locations make better sales than other locations. Locations that were front and center and allowed easy access to seeing the mixed flower bouquet without having to touch it yielded the best results. The variables used to show a change in demand showed little to some variability and has raised some questions which may be used to conduct future research.

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