scholarly journals Smoking Is Associated With COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1653-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roengrudee Patanavanich ◽  
Stanton A Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract Introduction Smoking depresses pulmonary immune function and is a risk factor contracting other infectious diseases and more serious outcomes among people who become infected. This paper presents a meta-analysis of the association between smoking and progression of the infectious disease COVID-19. Methods PubMed was searched on April 28, 2020, with search terms “smoking”, “smoker*”, “characteristics”, “risk factors”, “outcomes”, and “COVID-19”, “COVID”, “coronavirus”, “sar cov-2”, “sar cov 2”. Studies reporting smoking behavior of COVID-19 patients and progression of disease were selected for the final analysis. The study outcome was progression of COVID-19 among people who already had the disease. A random effects meta-analysis was applied. Results We identified 19 peer-reviewed papers with a total of 11,590 COVID-19 patients, 2,133 (18.4%) with severe disease and 731 (6.3%) with a history of smoking. A total of 218 patients with a history of smoking (29.8%) experienced disease progression, compared with 17.6% of non-smoking patients. The meta-analysis showed a significant association between smoking and progression of COVID-19 (OR 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42-2.59, p = 0.001). Limitations in the 19 papers suggest that the actual risk of smoking may be higher. Conclusions Smoking is a risk factor for progression of COVID-19, with smokers having higher odds of COVID-19 progression than never smokers. Implications Physicians and public health professionals should collect data on smoking as part of clinical management and add smoking cessation to the list of practices to blunt the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Smoking is Associated with COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roengrudee Patanavanich ◽  
Stanton A. Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
List Type ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Progression Of Disease

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the association between smoking and progression of COVID-19.DesignA meta-analysis of 12 published papers.Data SourcePubMed database was searched on April 6, 2020.Eligibility criteria and data analysisWe included studies reporting smoking behavior of COVID-19 patients and progression of disease. Search terms included “smoking”, “smoker*”, “characteristics”, “risk factors”, “outcomes”, and “COVID-19”, “COVID”, “coronavirus”, “sar cov-2”, “sar cov 2”. There were no language limitations. One author extracted information for each study, screened the abstract or the full text, with questions resolved through discussion among both authors. A random effects meta-analysis was applied.Main Outcome MeasuresThe study outcome was progression of COVID-19 among people who already had the disease.ResultsWe identified 12 papers with a total of 9,025 COVID-19 patients, 878 (9.7%) with severe disease and 495 with a history of smoking (5.5%). The meta-analysis showed a significant association between smoking and progression of COVID-19 (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.49-3.39, p=0.001). Limitations in the 12 papers suggest that the actual risk of smoking may be higher.ConclusionsSmoking is a risk factor for progression of COVID-19, with smokers having higher odds of COVID-19 progression than never smokers. Physicians and public health professionals should collect data on smoking as part of clinical management and add smoking cessation to the list of practices to blunt the COVID-19 pandemic.What is already known on this topicSmoking increases risk and severity of pulmonary infections because of damage to upper airways and a decrease in pulmonary immune function.What this study addsSmoking is associated with COVID-19 severity.Smoking history should be part of clinical management of COVID-19 patients and cessation should be added to the list of practices to blunt the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Is the History of Erectile Dysfunction a Reliable Risk Factor for New Onset Acute Myocardial Infarction? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Ahmed Adam ◽  
Jared McDowall ◽  
Sunday Joseph Aigbodion ◽  
Callistus Enyuma ◽  
Sean Buchanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
True Negative ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Onset

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs as a manifestation of coronary atherosclerotic disease. The occurrence of erectile dysfunction (ED) following AMI is well documented and this association and pathophysiology is often interrelated. Few studies have objectively assessed the diagnostic value of ED as a risk factor for AMI, in general. In this review, we aimed to better outline the diagnostic predictability of ED as a precursor for ‘first/new onset' AMI. This review was performed using selective search terms, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. The Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched (September 2018). Selected studies were further assessed for relevance and quality (Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool-Oxford). Four studies [573 participants; mean 143 (SD ± 76.3604) and median 141 participants] were eligible for analysis. Meta-analysis of the studies resulted in a pooled sensitivity of 51.36% (95% CI: 47.37-55.33%). For the single study which reported true negative and false positive cases, a specificity of 76.53% (95% CI: 68.57-83.00%) was calculated. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that a history of ED should be used as a risk factor for new onset AMI.

Pre-Eclamptic Pregnancies: An Opportunity to Identify Women at Risk for Future Cardiovascular Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iasmina M Craici ◽  
Steven J Wagner ◽  
Suzanne R Hayman ◽  
Vesna D Garovic
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
History Of

Evaluation of: Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD, Williams DJ: Pre-eclampsia and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br. Med. J. 335(7627), 974 (2007). Evidence has emerged over the years suggesting that women who develop hypertensive pregnancy disorders, most notably pre-eclampsia, are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease later in life. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed, assessing the future risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality in women with a history of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Women with a history of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, compared with women without such a history, had an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, including a fourfold increased risk for hypertension, a twofold increased risk for ischemic heart disease, stroke and deep venous thrombosis, and a 1.5-times higher all-cause mortality. The study suggests that affected women may be eligible for preventive therapies at an earlier age, especially if future studies establish the role of pre-eclampsia as an independent cardiovascular risk factor.

scholarly journals Risk factors for recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis in infants: 2-year follow up in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sainan Chen ◽  
Wenjing Gu ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Chuangli Hao ◽  
Canhong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
History Of ◽  
Outpatient Appointments

Abstract Background Infants with bronchiolitis have an increased risk of developing recurrent wheezing and asthma. However, the risk factors for the development of recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis remains controversial. Our study was to investigate risk factors of post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing. Methods Infants with bronchiolitis were enrolled from November 2016 through March 2017. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained for detection of respiratory viruses which were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct immunofluorescent assay. Serum cytokines including TSLP, IL2, IL13, TIMP-1, MMP-9, IL33, IL5, IL4, IL25, TNF- α and MIP-1α were measured by flow cytometry. Patients were followed up every 3 months for a duration of 2 years by telephone or at outpatient appointments. Results We enrolled 89 infants, of which 81 patients were successfully followed up. In total, 22.2% of patients experienced recurrent wheezing episodes. The proportion of patients with history of eczema, systemic glucocorticoid use and patients with moderate-to-severe disease were significantly higher in the recurrent wheezing group than the non-recurrent wheezing group (83.3% vs 52.4%; 66.7% vs 36.5%; 61.1% vs 33.3%, respectively, all P < 0.05); There were no significant differences between patients with and without recurrent wheezing episodes in the levels of TSLP, IL2, IL13, TIMP-1, MMP-9, IL33, IL5, IL4, IL25, TNF- α and MIP-1α (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that history of eczema was an independent risk factor for post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing (odds ratio [OR] = 5.622; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–24.9; P = 0.023). Conclusion The incidence of recurrent wheezing among infants after contracting bronchiolitis was 22.2% during a 2-year follow-up. History of eczema was the only independent risk factor identified and no correlation was found between the specific virus and disease severity in children with post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Severity and Mortality associated with COPD and Smoking in patients with COVID-19: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaber S. Alqahtani ◽  
Tope Oyelade ◽  
Abdulelah M. Aldhahir ◽  
Saeed M. Alghamdi ◽  
Mater Almehmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Never Smokers

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an evolving infectious disease that dramatically spread all over the world in the early part of 2020. No studies have yet summarised the potential severity and mortality risks caused by COVID-19 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and we update information in smokers.MethodsWe systematically searched electronic databases from inception to March 24, 2020. Data were extracted by two independent authors in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Study quality was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We synthesised a narrative from eligible studies and conducted a meta-analysis using a random-effects model to calculate pooled prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).ResultsIn total, 123 abstracts were screened and 61 full-text manuscripts were reviewed. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, which included a total of 2473 confirmed COVID-19 patients. All studies were included in the meta-analysis. The crude case fatality rate of COVID-19 was 6.4%. The pooled prevalence rates of COPD patients and smokers in COVID-19 cases were 2% (95% CI, 1%–3%) and 9% (95% CI, 4%–14%) respectively. COPD patients were at a higher risk of more severe disease (risk of severity = 63%, (22/35) compared to patients without COPD 33.4% (409/1224) [calculated RR, 1.88 (95% CI, 1.4– 2.4)]. This was associated with higher mortality (60%). Our results showed that 22% (31/139) of current smokers and 46% (13/28) of ex-smokers had severe complications. The calculated RR showed that current smokers were 1.45 times more likely [95% CI: 1.03–2.04] to have severe complications compared to former and never smokers. Current smokers also had a higher mortality rate of 38.5%.ConclusionAlthough COPD prevalence in COVID-19 cases was low in current reports, COVID-19 infection was associated with substantial severity and mortality rates in COPD. Compared to former and never smokers, current smokers were at greater risk of severe complications and higher mortality rate. Effective preventive measures are required to reduce COVID-19 risk in COPD patients and current smokers.

scholarly journals Obesity in spontaneous spondylodiscitis: a relevant risk factor for severe disease courses

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Schoof ◽  
Martin Stangenberg ◽  
Klaus Christian Mende ◽  
Darius Maximilian Thiesen ◽  
Dimitris Ntalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Relevant Risk Factor ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Clinical Records

AbstractSpondylodiscitis is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease. Obesity is a risk factor for many infections, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe characteristics of obese patients with spondylodiscitis and identify risk factors for a severe disease course in obese patients. Between December 2012 and June 2018, clinical records were screened for patients admitted for spondylodiscitis. The final analysis included 191 adult patients (mean age 64.6 ± 14.8 years). Patient data concerning demographics, comorbidities, surgical treatment, laboratory testing, and microbiological workup were analysed using an electronic database. Patients were grouped according to body mass index (BMI) as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 or < 30 kg/m2. Seventy-seven patients were classified as normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), 65 as preobese (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), and 49 as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Obese patients were younger, had a higher revision surgery rate, and showed higher rates of abscesses, neurological failure, and postoperative complications. A different bacterial spectrum dominated by staphylococci species was revealed (p = 0.019). Obese patients with diabetes mellitus had a significantly higher risk for spondylodiscitis (p = 0.002). The mortality rate was similar in both cohorts, as was the spondylodiscitis localisation. Obesity, especially when combined with diabetes mellitus, is associated with a higher proportion of Staphylococcus aureus infections and is a risk factor for a severe course of spondylodiscitis, including higher revision rates and sepsis, especially in younger patients.

scholarly journals The Regularity of the Site of Impaction in Recurrent Gallstone Ileus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Reported Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nasser A. N. Alzerwi ◽  
Bandar Idrees ◽  
Saeed Alsareii ◽  
Yaser Aldebasi ◽  
Afnan Alsultan
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gallstone Ileus ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Overall Mortality

Objective. Due to the rarity of recurrent gallstone ileus (RGSI), its epidemiological and clinical features are elusive. With a focus on mortality and the site of impaction, this study consolidates the key clinical characteristics of index GSI (IGSI) and RGSI. Methods. A meta-analysis of cases reported on RGSI was performed. Risk factors for mortality and site of impaction were examined, and a subgroup analysis was performed for age, sex, and site of impaction (jejunum, ileum, or others). Results. In the final analysis, 50 (56 individual cases) studies were included. The paired data for the site of impaction was available for 45 patients. Women accounted for 87.3% of all RGSI cases included in the pooled analysis. The median age (interquartile range, IQR) of the patients was 70 (63–76) years, and the median time of recurrence (IQR) was 20.5 (8.5–95.5) days. The overall mortality rate was 11.8%, without correlation between the mortality rate and age, the time of recurrence, or the site of impaction. The region in which the stone was found in RGSI and IGSI was similar in most cases p = 0.002 . Logistic regression also revealed a higher probability of stone impaction in the ileum in RGSI if it was the site of impaction in IGSI. In most cases, enterolithotomy was the preferred method. Conclusions. A high index of suspicion for RGSI should be maintained for older women with a history of GSI. The region where the stone was impacted during IGSI should be investigated first in such patients.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the diagnostic accuracy of initial RT-PCR and CT scan in suspected COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 20201039
Author(s):  
Manish Devendra Devendra Mair ◽  
Mohammed Hussain ◽  
Saad Siddiqui ◽  
Sudip Das ◽  
Andrew Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
History Of ◽  
Accurate Comparison ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the diagnostic accuracy of Computed tomography (CT) and initial Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detecting COVID-19 infection. Methods: We searched three databases, PubMed, EMBASE and EMCARE to identify studies reporting diagnostic accuracy of both CT and RT-PCR in detecting COVID-19 infection between December 2019 and May 2020. For accurate comparison, only those studies which had patients undergoing both, CT and RT-PCR were included. Pooled diagnostic accuracy of both the tests was calculated by using a bivariate random effects model. Results: Based on inclusion criteria, only 11 studies consisting of 1834 patients were included in the final analysis that reported diagnostic accuracy of both CT and RT-PCR, in the same set of patients. Sensitivity estimates for CT scan ranged from 0.69 to 1.00 and for RT-PCR varied ranging from 0.47 to 1.00. The pooled estimates of sensitivity for CT and RT-PCR was 0.91 [95% CI (0.84–0.97)] and 0.84 [95% CI (0.71–0.94)] respectively. On subgroup analysis, pooled sensitivity of CT and RT-PCR was 0.95 [95% CI (0.88–0.98)] and 0.91 [95% CI (0.80–0.96), p = o.ooo1]. The pooled specificity of CT and RT-PCR was 0.31 [95% CI (0.035–0.84)] and 1.00 [95% CI (0.96–1.00)]. Conclusion: CT is more sensitive than RT-PCR in detecting COVID-19 infection, but has a very low specificity. Advances in knowledge: Since the results of a CT scan are available quickly, it can be used as an adjunctive initial diagnostic test for patients with a history of positive contact or epidemiological history.

scholarly journals Risk factors for recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis in infants:2-year follow up in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sainan Chen ◽  
Wenjing Gu ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Chuangli Hao ◽  
Canhong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Virus

Abstract Background: Infants with bronchiolitis have an increased risk of developing recurrent wheezing and asthma. However, the risk factors for the development of recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis remains controversial.Objective: To investigate the incidence of post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing and associated risk factors.Methods: Infants with bronchiolitis were enrolled from November 2016 through March 2017. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained for detection of respiratory viruses which were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct immunofluorescent assay. Serum cytokines including TSLP, IL2, IL13, TIMP-1, MMP-9, IL33, IL5, IL4, IL25, TNF- α and MIP-1α were measured by flow cytometry. Patients were followed every 3 months for a duration of 2 years by telephone or at outpatient appointments.Results: We enrolled 89 infants, of which 81 patients were successfully followed up. In total, 22.2% of patients experienced recurrent wheezing episodes. The proportion of patients with history of eczema, systemic glucocorticoid use and patients with moderate-to-severe disease were significantly higher in the recurrent wheezing group than the non-recurrent wheezing group (83.3% vs 52.4%; 66.7% vs 36.5%; 61.1% vs 33.3%, respectively, all P<0.05); There were no significant differences between patients with and without recurrent wheezing episodes in the levels of TSLP, IL2, IL13, TIMP-1, MMP-9, IL33, IL5, IL4, IL25, TNF- α and MIP-1α (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that history of eczema was an independent risk factor for post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing (odds ratio [OR]=5.622; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–24.9; P=0.023).Conclusion: The incidence of recurrent wheezing among infants after contracting bronchiolitis was 22.2% during a 2-year follow-up. History of eczema was the only independent risk factor identified and no correlation was found between the specific virus and disease severity in children with post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing.

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