scholarly journals Behavioral and Subjective Effects of Reducing Nicotine in Cigarettes: A Cessation Commentary

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S19-S21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E Piper ◽  
David J Drobes ◽  
Natalie Walker
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Moderate Evidence ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Cigarette Dependence ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This commentary addresses critical questions regarding the impact of the reduction of nicotine on changes in smoking behavior. There appears to be moderate evidence that use of reduced nicotine cigarettes (RNC) increases the likelihood of making a quit attempt among smokers unmotivated to quit and among smokers motivated to quit who also used nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). There was limited evidence that RNC combined with NRT increased smoking abstinence, regardless of motivation to quit. Several plausible mechanisms via which RNC may influence smoking behavior, including reducing dependence, are reviewed. The moderate evidence that abrupt reduction in nicotine reduces self-reported dependence as well as smoking behavior and likelihood of relapse is also reviewed. The data reviewed here suggest that abrupt switching to, and extended use of, RNC can reduce cigarette dependence and several related constructs, including the ability to quit smoking. The data reviewed in this commentary suggest that abrupt reduction in the level of nicotine in combustible cigarettes could reduce smoking behavior, nicotine dependence, and other related constructs and increase quit attempts and eventual smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Roll-your-own cigarette use and smoking cessation behaviour: a cross-sectional population study in England

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e025370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Jackson ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Jamie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Motivation To Quit Smoking

ObjectivesRoll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes have become popular in the UK and reduce the cost of smoking, potentially mitigating the impact of tax increases on quitting. We examined whether RYO cigarette use was associated with reduced motivation to quit smoking, incidence of quit attempts and quit success.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingEngland.Participants38 590 adults who reported currently smoking or having stopped within the past 12 months.Main outcome measuresMotivation to quit smoking, quit attempt in the last year, motives for quitting and quit success were regressed onto RYO cigarette use, adjusting for sociodemographic variables and level of cigarette addiction. Mediation by weekly spending on smoking was tested.ResultsCompared with manufactured cigarette smokers, RYO smokers had lower odds of high motivation to quit (OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.81) or having made a quit attempt (OR=0.87, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.91). Among those who had attempted to quit smoking, quit success did not differ by cigarette type (OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.12), but RYO smokers were less likely to report cost of smoking as a motive to quit (OR=0.68, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.74). Spending on smoking mediated the association between RYO use and quit attempts (β=−0.02, SE=0.003, 95% CI −0.03 to −0.02).ConclusionsIn England, compared with smokers of manufactured cigarettes, RYO cigarette smokers appear to have lower motivation to quit and lower incidence of quit attempts but similar success of quit attempts. The lower cost of RYO smoking appears to mediate the lower incidence of quit attempts among RYO users.

scholarly journals Smoking-Related Stigma: A Public Health Tool or a Damaging Force?

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Lozano ◽  
James F Thrasher ◽  
Melinda Forthofer ◽  
James Hardin ◽  
Luz Myriam Reynales Shigematsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Related Stigma

Abstract Background Tobacco control policies and other denormalization strategies may reduce tobacco use by stigmatizing smoking. This raises an important question: Does perceived smoking-related stigma contribute to a smoker’s decision to quit? The aim of this study was to evaluate if perceived smoking-related stigma was associated with smoking cessation outcomes among smokers in Mexico and Uruguay. Methods We analyzed prospective data from a panel of adult smokers who participated in the 2008–2012 administrations of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Surveys in Mexico and Uruguay. We defined two analytic samples of participants: the quit behavior sample (n = 3896 Mexico; n = 1525 Uruguay) and the relapse sample (n = 596 Mexico). Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate if different aspects of perceived stigma (ie, discomfort, marginalization, and negative stereotype) at baseline were associated with smoking cessation outcomes at follow-up. Results We found that perceived smoking-related stigma was associated with a higher likelihood of making a quit attempt in Uruguay but with a lower likelihood of successful quitting in Mexico. Conclusions This study suggests that perceived smoking-related stigma may be associated with more quit attempts, but less successful quitting among smokers. It is possible that once stigma is internalized by smokers, it may function as a damaging force. Future studies should evaluate the influence of internalized stigma on smoking behavior. Implications Although perceived smoking-related stigma may prompt smokers to quit smoking, smoking stigma may also serve as a damaging force for some individuals, making quitting more difficult. This study found that perceived smoking-related stigma was associated with a higher likelihood of making a quit attempt in Uruguay but with a lower likelihood of successful quitting in Mexico.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of menthol cigarette bans on cessation and smoking behaviours in Canada: longitudinal findings from the Canadian arm of the 2016–2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056259
Author(s):  
Janet Chung-Hall ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong ◽  
Gang Meng ◽  
K Michael Cummings ◽  
Andrew Hyland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of menthol cigarette bans in seven Canadian provinces between 2016 and 2018.MethodsLongitudinal data from the Canadian arm of the 2016 and 2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. 1098 non-menthol and 138 menthol smokers were surveyed pre-menthol and post-menthol cigarette bans. Multivariate logistic regression models examined associations between pre-post ban changes in smoking behaviour, including differences between menthol and non-menthol smokers in quit attempts and quitting.ResultsAt follow-up, 59.1% of pre-ban menthol smokers switched to non-menthol cigarettes; 21.5% quit smoking and 19.5% still smoked menthols, primarily purchased from First Nations reserves. Menthol smokers were more likely than non-menthol smokers to make a quit attempt (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.61, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.51), and to remain quit (aOR=2.30, 95% CI 1.06 to 5.01). Menthol smokers did not differ significantly from non-menthol smokers in quit success (aOR=1.72, 95% CI 0.98 to 3.01); however, daily menthol smokers were more likely than daily non-menthol smokers to quit (aOR=2.21, 95% CI 1.15 to 4.24), and daily menthol smokers who quit before the ban were more likely than daily non-menthol smokers to remain quit (aOR=2.81, 95% CI 1.15 to 6.85).ConclusionsAlthough menthol smokers were most likely to switch to non-menthol cigarettes, the menthol ban was also significantly associated with higher rates of quit attempts and quit success among menthol smokers compared with non-menthol smokers, and may have helped to prevent relapse among menthol smokers who had quit smoking before the ban. Results confirm and extend evaluation of Ontario’s menthol ban across provinces covering 83% of the Canadian population.

scholarly journals Assessment of a Personal Interactive Carbon Monoxide Breath Sensor in People Who Smoke Cigarettes: Single-Arm Cohort Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D Marler ◽  
Craig A Fujii ◽  
Kristine S Wong ◽  
Joseph A Galanko ◽  
Daniel J Balbierz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments

BACKGROUND Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Existing evidence-based treatments are underutilized and have seen little recent innovation. The success of personal biofeedback interventions in other disease states portends a similar opportunity in smoking cessation. The Pivot Breath Sensor is a personal interactive FDA-cleared (over-the-counter) device that measures carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaled breath, enabling users to link their smoking behavior and CO values, and track their progress in reducing or quitting smoking. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the Pivot Breath Sensor in people who smoke cigarettes, evaluating changes in attitudes toward quitting smoking, changes in smoking behavior, and use experience. METHODS US adults (18-80 years of age, ≥10 cigarettes per day [CPD]) were recruited online for this remote 12-week study. Participants completed a screening call, informed consent, and baseline questionnaire, and then were mailed their sensor. Participants were asked to submit 4 or more breath samples per day and complete questionnaires at 1-4, 8, and 12 weeks. Outcomes included attitudes toward quitting smoking (Stage of Change, success to quit, and perceived difficulty of quitting), smoking behavior (quit attempts, CPD reduction, and 7-, 30-day point prevalence abstinence [PPA]), and use experience (impact and learning). RESULTS Participants comprised 234 smokers, mean age 39.9 (SD 11.3) years, 52.6% (123/234) female, mean CPD 20.3 (SD 8.0). The 4- and 12-week questionnaires were completed by 92.3% (216/234) and 91.9% (215/234) of participants, respectively. Concerning attitude outcomes, at baseline, 15.4% (36/234) were seriously thinking of quitting in the next 30 days, increasing to 38.9% (84/216) at 4 weeks and 47.9% (103/215) at 12 weeks (both <i>P</i>&lt;.001). At 12 weeks, motivation to quit was increased in 39.1% (84/215), unchanged in 54.9% (118/215), and decreased in 6.0% (13/215; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Additional attitudes toward quitting improved from baseline to 12 weeks: success to quit 3.3 versus 5.0 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) and difficulty of quitting 2.8 versus 4.3 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Regarding smoking behavior, at 4 weeks, 28.2% (66/234) had made 1 or more quit attempts (≥1 day of abstinence), increasing to 48.3% (113/234) at 12 weeks. At 4 weeks, 23.1% (54/234) had reduced CPD by 50% or more, increasing to 38.5% (90/234) at 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, CPD decreased by 41.1% from baseline (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and 7- and 30-day PPA were 12.0% (28/234) and 6.0% (14/234), respectively. Concerning use experience, 75.3% (171/227) reported the sensor increased their motivation to quit. More than 90% (&gt;196/214) indicated the sensor taught them about their CO levels and smoking behavior, and 73.1% (166/227) reported that seeing their CO values made them want to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS Use of the Pivot Breath Sensor resulted in a significant increase in motivation to quit, a reduction in CPD, and favorable quit attempt rates. These outcomes confer increased likelihood of quitting smoking. Accordingly, the results support a role for biofeedback via personal CO breath sampling in smoking cessation. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04133064; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04133064

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impact of a Regional Educational Advertising Campaign on Harm Perceptions of E-Cigarettes, Prevalence of E-Cigarette Use, and Quit Attempts Among Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1148-1154
Author(s):  
Harry Tattan-Birch ◽  
Sarah E Jackson ◽  
Charlotte Ide ◽  
Linda Bauld ◽  
Lion Shahab
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Advertising Campaign ◽  
North East ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Intervention Region ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction We evaluated how effective an advertising campaign that was piloted by Cancer Research UK in January/February 2018 was at promoting quit attempts by increasing awareness of the relative harms of e-cigarettes compared with smoking. Methods Adults (≥16 years, n = 2217) living in Greater Manchester (campaign region), Yorkshire & Humber and the North East of England (control regions) completed cross-sectional surveys immediately before and after the campaign period. Surveys measured socio-demographics, perceptions and use of e-cigarettes, and motivation and attempts to quit smoking. We tested interactions between time (pre, post) and region (campaign, control). Results 36.7% (95% CI 33.0%–40.6%) of those in the intervention region recognized the campaign. In the general population, interactions were nonsignificant for all outcomes except for perception of e-cigarettes as effective cessation aids, with smaller increases from pre- to post-campaign in the campaign (49.9% to 54.0%) compared with the control region (40.5% to 55.0%; odds ratio [OR] = 0.66, 95% CI .45–0.98). Among smokers, motivation to quit increased in the intervention region (44.0% to 48.0%) but decreased in the control region (40.5% to 21.5%; OR = 2.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–7.16), with no other significant differences between regions over time. Bayes factors confirmed that nonsignificant results were inconclusive. Conclusions Compared with the control region, the campaign was associated with an increase in smokers’ motivation to quit but a smaller increase in adults’ perception of e-cigarettes as an effective cessation aid. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether the campaign affected other outcomes. Implications Past extended mass media tobacco control campaigns have been shown to change public attitudes towards smoking, improve motivation to quit smoking, and reduce smoking prevalence. Much less is known about shorter, targeted campaigns. Here we show that using mass media to communicate accurate information about the relative harms of e-cigarettes compared with smoking may be an effective strategy in increasing smokers’ motivation to quit. Moreover, even when only run for a month, such campaigns can reach a large proportion of the targeted population. Further research is needed to evaluate effects on quit attempts and success.

scholarly journals Assessment of a Personal Interactive Carbon Monoxide Breath Sensor in People Who Smoke Cigarettes: Single-Arm Cohort Study

10.2196/22811 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. e22811
Author(s):  
Jennifer D Marler ◽  
Craig A Fujii ◽  
Kristine S Wong ◽  
Joseph A Galanko ◽  
Daniel J Balbierz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments

Background Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Existing evidence-based treatments are underutilized and have seen little recent innovation. The success of personal biofeedback interventions in other disease states portends a similar opportunity in smoking cessation. The Pivot Breath Sensor is a personal interactive FDA-cleared (over-the-counter) device that measures carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaled breath, enabling users to link their smoking behavior and CO values, and track their progress in reducing or quitting smoking. Objective The objective of this study is to assess the Pivot Breath Sensor in people who smoke cigarettes, evaluating changes in attitudes toward quitting smoking, changes in smoking behavior, and use experience. Methods US adults (18-80 years of age, ≥10 cigarettes per day [CPD]) were recruited online for this remote 12-week study. Participants completed a screening call, informed consent, and baseline questionnaire, and then were mailed their sensor. Participants were asked to submit 4 or more breath samples per day and complete questionnaires at 1-4, 8, and 12 weeks. Outcomes included attitudes toward quitting smoking (Stage of Change, success to quit, and perceived difficulty of quitting), smoking behavior (quit attempts, CPD reduction, and 7-, 30-day point prevalence abstinence [PPA]), and use experience (impact and learning). Results Participants comprised 234 smokers, mean age 39.9 (SD 11.3) years, 52.6% (123/234) female, mean CPD 20.3 (SD 8.0). The 4- and 12-week questionnaires were completed by 92.3% (216/234) and 91.9% (215/234) of participants, respectively. Concerning attitude outcomes, at baseline, 15.4% (36/234) were seriously thinking of quitting in the next 30 days, increasing to 38.9% (84/216) at 4 weeks and 47.9% (103/215) at 12 weeks (both P<.001). At 12 weeks, motivation to quit was increased in 39.1% (84/215), unchanged in 54.9% (118/215), and decreased in 6.0% (13/215; P<.001). Additional attitudes toward quitting improved from baseline to 12 weeks: success to quit 3.3 versus 5.0 (P<.001) and difficulty of quitting 2.8 versus 4.3 (P<.001). Regarding smoking behavior, at 4 weeks, 28.2% (66/234) had made 1 or more quit attempts (≥1 day of abstinence), increasing to 48.3% (113/234) at 12 weeks. At 4 weeks, 23.1% (54/234) had reduced CPD by 50% or more, increasing to 38.5% (90/234) at 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, CPD decreased by 41.1% from baseline (P<.001), and 7- and 30-day PPA were 12.0% (28/234) and 6.0% (14/234), respectively. Concerning use experience, 75.3% (171/227) reported the sensor increased their motivation to quit. More than 90% (>196/214) indicated the sensor taught them about their CO levels and smoking behavior, and 73.1% (166/227) reported that seeing their CO values made them want to quit smoking. Conclusions Use of the Pivot Breath Sensor resulted in a significant increase in motivation to quit, a reduction in CPD, and favorable quit attempt rates. These outcomes confer increased likelihood of quitting smoking. Accordingly, the results support a role for biofeedback via personal CO breath sampling in smoking cessation. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04133064; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04133064

scholarly journals Pathways to Smoking and Snus Use Cessation - Is Spontaneous Quitting Underrated?

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Toftgard ◽  
Hans Gilljam ◽  
Tanja Tomson
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts

Aim: To investigate to what extent smokers and snus users in Sweden consider and plan their quit attempts in advance, and to assess if spontaneity is associated with success. Methods: A sample of 5999 Swedish men and women between 16 and 80 years were interviewed via telephone about current and former smoking and snus use and their latest quit attempts. Results: Among 2272 ex-smokers and current smokers who had ever made a serious quit attempt 48% reported to not having planned their latest attempt in advance. Furthermore, 40% reported to not even having considered giving up smoking before they actually made the attempt. Of 809 former and current snus users 48% did not plan, and 44% did not consider quitting in advance. Smokers and ex-smokers were more likely to remain smoke-free for at least six months if the attempt was unplanned (sex and age adjusted OR=2.6; 95% CI=1.7-3.8). When dividing the smoking quit attempts into considered versus not considered the advantage of the spontaneous attempts remained (adjusted OR=1.9; CI=1.3-2.9). The corresponding analyses of snus use quitting showed similar advantages for the unplanned and the not considered quit attempts. Conclusions: In Sweden, a considerable proportion of the attempts to quit smoking, as well as to quit using snus, are made without prior consideration or planning. Spontaneous quit attempts appear to have a greater chance of long-term success than those preceded by consideration or planning.

scholarly journals Beliefs Toward Smoking and COVID-19, and The Pandemic Impact on Smoking Behavior and Quit Intention: Findings from a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala'a B. Al-Tammemi ◽  
Muna Barakat ◽  
Doa’a B. Al-Tamimi ◽  
Sami A. Alhallaq ◽  
Dima M. Al Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Never Smokers

Background: The relationship between smoking and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still topical with mixed epidemiological evidence. However, the pandemic may affect people’s beliefs towards smoking as well as smoking behavior and quit intentions. Considering high smoking rates in Jordan, our current study aimed to assess the following points in a community-based sample from Jordan: (i) the beliefs that surround smoking and COVID-19, (ii) the pandemic impact on smoking behavior and quit intention. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan utilizing an online questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised 13 items on sociodemographic, health, and smoking profiles, 14 items to assess beliefs surrounding COVID-19 and the use of combustible cigarettes (CC), waterpipe (WP), and electronic cigarettes (EC), and 12 items to assess the pandemic impact on smoking behavior and quit intention. Results: Of 2424 survey respondents who participated in our study there were 1163 never-smokers, 1044 current smokers, and 217 ex-smokers. The mean age of participants was 35.2 years (SD:11.06). Most participants have shown anti-smoking beliefs with around 72.9% believed that WP smoking is related to the risk of contracting COVID-19. Also, 71.7% believed that smoking CC may worsen the COVID-19 clinical course, while 74.1% of respondents believed that smoking has no protective effect against COVID-19. During the pandemic, about 28.1% and 19.3% of current smokers reported increased or reduced smoking, respectively, and many smokers reported their willingness to quit smoking due to the pandemic. Besides, 459 current smokers have expressed their plans/intention to quit smoking during the pandemic, of whom 27.5% (n=126) confirmed that the driving force for their decision is a COVID-19 related reason, such as self-protection (n=123) and protection of family members (=121) which were the most reported ones. Also, around 63 participants have successfully ceased smoking during the pandemic. However, only 22 of them reported that the main driving motivation of their successful quit attempt was the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Most participants reported anti-smoking beliefs and attitudes during the pandemic. Nevertheless, the double-edged effect of the pandemic on smoking habits should be carefully considered, and reliable anti-smoking measures should be strengthened and sustained in the country.

scholarly journals PENGARUH INTERVENSI MEDIA SOSIAL (WHATSAPP) DENGAN FLYER TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PERILAKU MEROKOK REMAJA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI DESA TOMADO KECAMATAN LINDU

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 716-727
Author(s):  
Yusuf Yusuf ◽  
Nur Indriani Agus ◽  
Muhammad Syafar
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Adolescent Smoking ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Media Intervention ◽  
Motivation To Quit Smoking ◽  
Smoking Attitudes

Adolescent smoking behavior is a behavior that endangers health, but there are still many teenagers who become smokers who started when they were teenagers or at the age of 11 years, especially teenage boys who often did this action. The use of appropriate media can affect the knowledge of respondents. In general, this study aims to determine the effect of social media intervention (whatsapp) with flyers on changes in adolescent smoking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tomado Village, Lindu District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. And specifically, the research objective was to determine the effect of social media intervention (whatsapp) with flyers on smoking knowledge, smoking frequency, changes in smoking attitudes, and adolescent motivation to quit smoking. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest two group design. The research sample used purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 40 people. The instrument of this research used questionnaires, observation sheets, pretest and posttest questionnaires, and media flyers. Analysis of research data using a comparative test, namely Paired sample t-test, and Independent t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in respondents' knowledge about the dangers of smoking in the intervention group, while in the control group it was found that there was no significant difference in respondents' knowledge; there was a significant difference in the frequency of adolescent smoking in the intervention group and the control group; there is a significant difference in adolescent smoking attitudes in the intervention group and the control group; there was a significant difference in motivation to quit smoking in the intervention group and the control group.

scholarly journals Affective and Situational Precipitants of Smoking Lapses Among Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Treloar Padovano ◽  
Jennifer E Merrill ◽  
Suzanne M Colby ◽  
Christopher W Kahler ◽  
Chad J Gwaltney
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Handheld Computers ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts

Abstract Introduction Most adolescent smokers report a desire to quit, and many have made several unsuccessful quit attempts; however, when adolescents attempt to quit, they often resume smoking quickly. This ecological study aimed to (1) characterize affective and situational precipitants of smoking lapses among adolescents and (2) explore the moderating influence of nicotine dependence severity on lapse precipitants. Methods Adolescent daily smokers (n = 166; ages 14–18 years) completed electronic diaries of cigarettes smoked, craving and affective states, and situational variables on handheld computers in their natural environment for 2 weeks following an unassisted quit attempt. On average, adolescents were moderately nicotine dependent (Modified Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire [mFTQ] score = 4.9; SD = 1.6). Results Craving was a significant episodic cue for lapse and stable influence on lapse, relating to 44% and 15% increased odds of lapse, respectively. High-arousal affective states—regardless of valence—were associated with 12%–13% increased odds of lapse. Low-arousal positive affective states were associated with 17% decreased odds of lapse. A 1-unit difference in a teen’s mFTQ score related to 27% increased odds of lapse, but dependence severity did not moderate proximal lapse influences. Conclusions This report provides some of the first ecological data characterizing adolescent smoking lapses following a quit attempt. As in prior work with teens, lapses were nearly universal and quickly followed the quit attempt. Specific situational and affective contexts of smoking lapses for adolescents were implicated, indicating the need for cessation interventions to address craving and high-arousal affective states as precipitators of lapse in this high-risk group. Implications This report provides some of the first ecological data characterizing smoking lapses among teens attempting to quit smoking on their own. Like adults, adolescents face many barriers when making quit attempts. The present work provides ecological data to suggest that the experience of heightened arousal in teens’ daily lives interferes with their efforts to quit smoking. Thus, this work highlights the importance of affective dysregulation, or amplitude of emotional feelings, for teen smoking lapses. Moment-to-moment fluctuation in craving was also implicated as a dynamic precipitator of smoking lapse in this high-risk group.

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