scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of menthol cigarette bans on cessation and smoking behaviours in Canada: longitudinal findings from the Canadian arm of the 2016–2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056259
Author(s):  
Janet Chung-Hall ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong ◽  
Gang Meng ◽  
K Michael Cummings ◽  
Andrew Hyland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of menthol cigarette bans in seven Canadian provinces between 2016 and 2018.MethodsLongitudinal data from the Canadian arm of the 2016 and 2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. 1098 non-menthol and 138 menthol smokers were surveyed pre-menthol and post-menthol cigarette bans. Multivariate logistic regression models examined associations between pre-post ban changes in smoking behaviour, including differences between menthol and non-menthol smokers in quit attempts and quitting.ResultsAt follow-up, 59.1% of pre-ban menthol smokers switched to non-menthol cigarettes; 21.5% quit smoking and 19.5% still smoked menthols, primarily purchased from First Nations reserves. Menthol smokers were more likely than non-menthol smokers to make a quit attempt (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.61, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.51), and to remain quit (aOR=2.30, 95% CI 1.06 to 5.01). Menthol smokers did not differ significantly from non-menthol smokers in quit success (aOR=1.72, 95% CI 0.98 to 3.01); however, daily menthol smokers were more likely than daily non-menthol smokers to quit (aOR=2.21, 95% CI 1.15 to 4.24), and daily menthol smokers who quit before the ban were more likely than daily non-menthol smokers to remain quit (aOR=2.81, 95% CI 1.15 to 6.85).ConclusionsAlthough menthol smokers were most likely to switch to non-menthol cigarettes, the menthol ban was also significantly associated with higher rates of quit attempts and quit success among menthol smokers compared with non-menthol smokers, and may have helped to prevent relapse among menthol smokers who had quit smoking before the ban. Results confirm and extend evaluation of Ontario’s menthol ban across provinces covering 83% of the Canadian population.

scholarly journals Behavioral and Subjective Effects of Reducing Nicotine in Cigarettes: A Cessation Commentary

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S19-S21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E Piper ◽  
David J Drobes ◽  
Natalie Walker
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Moderate Evidence ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Cigarette Dependence ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This commentary addresses critical questions regarding the impact of the reduction of nicotine on changes in smoking behavior. There appears to be moderate evidence that use of reduced nicotine cigarettes (RNC) increases the likelihood of making a quit attempt among smokers unmotivated to quit and among smokers motivated to quit who also used nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). There was limited evidence that RNC combined with NRT increased smoking abstinence, regardless of motivation to quit. Several plausible mechanisms via which RNC may influence smoking behavior, including reducing dependence, are reviewed. The moderate evidence that abrupt reduction in nicotine reduces self-reported dependence as well as smoking behavior and likelihood of relapse is also reviewed. The data reviewed here suggest that abrupt switching to, and extended use of, RNC can reduce cigarette dependence and several related constructs, including the ability to quit smoking. The data reviewed in this commentary suggest that abrupt reduction in the level of nicotine in combustible cigarettes could reduce smoking behavior, nicotine dependence, and other related constructs and increase quit attempts and eventual smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Roll-your-own cigarette use and smoking cessation behaviour: a cross-sectional population study in England

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e025370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Jackson ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Jamie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Motivation To Quit Smoking

ObjectivesRoll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes have become popular in the UK and reduce the cost of smoking, potentially mitigating the impact of tax increases on quitting. We examined whether RYO cigarette use was associated with reduced motivation to quit smoking, incidence of quit attempts and quit success.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingEngland.Participants38 590 adults who reported currently smoking or having stopped within the past 12 months.Main outcome measuresMotivation to quit smoking, quit attempt in the last year, motives for quitting and quit success were regressed onto RYO cigarette use, adjusting for sociodemographic variables and level of cigarette addiction. Mediation by weekly spending on smoking was tested.ResultsCompared with manufactured cigarette smokers, RYO smokers had lower odds of high motivation to quit (OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.81) or having made a quit attempt (OR=0.87, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.91). Among those who had attempted to quit smoking, quit success did not differ by cigarette type (OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.12), but RYO smokers were less likely to report cost of smoking as a motive to quit (OR=0.68, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.74). Spending on smoking mediated the association between RYO use and quit attempts (β=−0.02, SE=0.003, 95% CI −0.03 to −0.02).ConclusionsIn England, compared with smokers of manufactured cigarettes, RYO cigarette smokers appear to have lower motivation to quit and lower incidence of quit attempts but similar success of quit attempts. The lower cost of RYO smoking appears to mediate the lower incidence of quit attempts among RYO users.

scholarly journals Menthol cigarette use in substance use disorder treatment before and after implementation of a county-wide flavoured tobacco ban

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056000
Author(s):  
Joseph R Guydish ◽  
Elana R Straus ◽  
Thao Le ◽  
Noah Gubner ◽  
Kevin L Delucchi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Readiness To Quit ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThis study examined the impact of a San Francisco City and County ban on all flavoured tobacco products, including menthol cigarettes, among clients in residential substance use disorder (SUD) treatment.MethodsWe conducted cross-sectional surveys of clients at two residential SUD programmes before the County began enforcing the ban (n=160) and twice after enforcement began (n=102, n=120). The samples were compared on demographic characteristics, smoking status, smoking behaviours and the proportion reporting menthol as their usual cigarette. Menthol smokers were asked whether they smoked only menthol cigarettes, mostly menthol, both menthol and non-menthol or mostly non-menthol. Post-ban samples were asked about awareness of the ban and access to menthol cigarettes.ResultsIn multivariate analyses, we found no evidence that the ban was associated with decreased number of cigarettes per day or increased readiness to quit among current smokers. However, odds were lower post-ban for reporting menthol as the usual cigarette (OR=0.80, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.90), and for smoking only menthol cigarettes (OR=0.19, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.19). Perhaps most importantly, and with the ability to influence all other findings, 50% of self-identified menthol smokers reported purchasing menthol cigarettes in San Francisco nearly 1 year after the ban was implemented.ConclusionIn subgroups where smoking has remained elevated, like those receiving SUD treatment, local menthol bans may have only modest impacts on smoking behaviour. Broader regional, state or national bans, that effectively restrict access to menthol products, may be needed to show stronger effects on smoking behaviour.

scholarly journals Quantifying associations of the dietary share of ultra-processed foods with overall diet quality in First Nations peoples in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malek Batal ◽  
Louise Johnson-Down ◽  
Jean-Claude Moubarac ◽  
Amy Ing ◽  
Karen Fediuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify associations of the dietary share of ultra-processed foods (UPF) with the overall diet quality of First Nations peoples.DesignA cross-sectional analysis of data from the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study, designed to contribute to knowledge gaps regarding the diet of First Nations peoples living on-reserve, south of the 60th parallel. A multistage sampling of communities was conducted. All foods from 24 h dietary recalls were categorized into NOVA categories and analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of UPF on diet quality.SettingWestern and Central Canada.SubjectsFirst Nations participants aged 19 years or older.ResultsThe sample consisted of 3700 participants. UPF contributed 53·9 % of energy. Compared with the non-UPF fraction of the diet, the UPF fraction had 3·5 times less vitamin A, 2·4 times less K, 2·2 times less protein, 2·3 times more free sugars and 1·8 times more Na. As the contribution of UPF to energy increased so did the overall intakes of energy, carbohydrate, free sugar, saturated fat, Na, Ca and vitamin C, and Na:K; while protein, fibre, K, Fe and vitamin A decreased. Diets of individuals who ate traditional First Nations food (e.g. wild plants and game animals) on the day of the recall were lower in UPF.ConclusionsUPF were prevalent in First Nations diets. Efforts to curb UPF consumption and increase intake of traditional First Nations foods and other fresh or minimally processed foods would improve diet quality and health in First Nations peoples.

scholarly journals Pathways to Smoking and Snus Use Cessation - Is Spontaneous Quitting Underrated?

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Toftgard ◽  
Hans Gilljam ◽  
Tanja Tomson
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts

Aim: To investigate to what extent smokers and snus users in Sweden consider and plan their quit attempts in advance, and to assess if spontaneity is associated with success. Methods: A sample of 5999 Swedish men and women between 16 and 80 years were interviewed via telephone about current and former smoking and snus use and their latest quit attempts. Results: Among 2272 ex-smokers and current smokers who had ever made a serious quit attempt 48% reported to not having planned their latest attempt in advance. Furthermore, 40% reported to not even having considered giving up smoking before they actually made the attempt. Of 809 former and current snus users 48% did not plan, and 44% did not consider quitting in advance. Smokers and ex-smokers were more likely to remain smoke-free for at least six months if the attempt was unplanned (sex and age adjusted OR=2.6; 95% CI=1.7-3.8). When dividing the smoking quit attempts into considered versus not considered the advantage of the spontaneous attempts remained (adjusted OR=1.9; CI=1.3-2.9). The corresponding analyses of snus use quitting showed similar advantages for the unplanned and the not considered quit attempts. Conclusions: In Sweden, a considerable proportion of the attempts to quit smoking, as well as to quit using snus, are made without prior consideration or planning. Spontaneous quit attempts appear to have a greater chance of long-term success than those preceded by consideration or planning.

Persepsi Pesan Gambar Pada Bungkus Rokok Dan Perilaku Merokok Remaja Di Kota Medan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Fauziah Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cigarette Packs

<p><strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong> <em>The picture message policy on cigarette packets is regulated in Permenkes No. 28 of 2013 concerning the Inclusion of Warnings and Health Information on Tobacco Product Packaging. The purpose of the inclusion of pictorial health warnings (PKB) on cigarette packs is to prevent adolescents from smoking. By looking at the frightening picture on PKB, it hoped that young smokers would be motivated to quit smoking</em><em>. <strong>Method</strong>: This study used a quantitative research approach with a cross-sectional design (cross-sectional) using primary data, this research conducted in Medan City. During January - June 2019. The population in this study were adolescents aged 18-23 years. The sample of this study was 215 teenagers. Data analysis used cross-tabulation descriptive analysis than presented in the form of a frequency distribution table using SPSS 22. <strong>Results</strong>: The results of this study indicate that the majority of respondents have smoking behaviour in the 19-20 year age group. The majority of respondents stated that they smoke 1-5 cigarettes a day. Teens who stated that they were not afraid of the impact of picture messages on cigarette packs had a 3,939 times risk of smoking compared to adolescents who expressed fear of the impact of picture messages on cigarette packs <strong>Conclusion</strong>: It hoped that the government could expand the picture message on cigarette packets to increase the desire to quit smoking and reduce the number of smokers in Indonesia. The image message on cigarette packs must be enlarged in order to reduce smoking behaviour in adolescents.</em></p>

scholarly journals Affective and Situational Precipitants of Smoking Lapses Among Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Treloar Padovano ◽  
Jennifer E Merrill ◽  
Suzanne M Colby ◽  
Christopher W Kahler ◽  
Chad J Gwaltney
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Handheld Computers ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts

Abstract Introduction Most adolescent smokers report a desire to quit, and many have made several unsuccessful quit attempts; however, when adolescents attempt to quit, they often resume smoking quickly. This ecological study aimed to (1) characterize affective and situational precipitants of smoking lapses among adolescents and (2) explore the moderating influence of nicotine dependence severity on lapse precipitants. Methods Adolescent daily smokers (n = 166; ages 14–18 years) completed electronic diaries of cigarettes smoked, craving and affective states, and situational variables on handheld computers in their natural environment for 2 weeks following an unassisted quit attempt. On average, adolescents were moderately nicotine dependent (Modified Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire [mFTQ] score = 4.9; SD = 1.6). Results Craving was a significant episodic cue for lapse and stable influence on lapse, relating to 44% and 15% increased odds of lapse, respectively. High-arousal affective states—regardless of valence—were associated with 12%–13% increased odds of lapse. Low-arousal positive affective states were associated with 17% decreased odds of lapse. A 1-unit difference in a teen’s mFTQ score related to 27% increased odds of lapse, but dependence severity did not moderate proximal lapse influences. Conclusions This report provides some of the first ecological data characterizing adolescent smoking lapses following a quit attempt. As in prior work with teens, lapses were nearly universal and quickly followed the quit attempt. Specific situational and affective contexts of smoking lapses for adolescents were implicated, indicating the need for cessation interventions to address craving and high-arousal affective states as precipitators of lapse in this high-risk group. Implications This report provides some of the first ecological data characterizing smoking lapses among teens attempting to quit smoking on their own. Like adults, adolescents face many barriers when making quit attempts. The present work provides ecological data to suggest that the experience of heightened arousal in teens’ daily lives interferes with their efforts to quit smoking. Thus, this work highlights the importance of affective dysregulation, or amplitude of emotional feelings, for teen smoking lapses. Moment-to-moment fluctuation in craving was also implicated as a dynamic precipitator of smoking lapse in this high-risk group.

scholarly journals Understanding the Association Between Spontaneous Quit Attempts and Improved Smoking Cessation Success Rates: A Population Survey in England With 6-Month Follow-up

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1460-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Garnett ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Tobias Raupach ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Jamie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Adjusted Model

Abstract Introduction Almost half of smoking quit attempts are “spontaneous” (initiated as soon as the decision to quit has been made) and are associated with increased success rates. This study aimed to assess to what extent other factors may account for this association. Methods Data were used from respondents to a survey representative of the adult population in England from 2006 to 2016. We included 2018 respondents who were current smokers at baseline and had attempted to quit between baseline and 6-month follow-up. Logistic regression models assessed the association between quit success and spontaneous quit attempts while adjusting for smoking, sociodemographic, and quit attempt characteristics. Results Spontaneous quit attempts were associated with greater odds of quit success (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.60) but the association was not significant in the fully adjusted model (ORadj = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.49). In this adjusted model, those who attempted to quit without cutting down first (ORadj = 3.08, 95% CI = 2.46 to 3.88) and were male (ORadj = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.80) had greater odds of success; although a greater number of attempts in the past 6 months, stronger urges to smoke (strong vs. none), higher daily cigarette consumption, and lower social grade (E vs. AB) were associated with lower odds of success (ORadj range = 0.32–0.98, p &lt; .030). Quit attempts made without cutting down first were correlated with spontaneous quit attempts (r = .150, p &lt; .001) and appeared to account for the diminished association between spontaneous quitting and success (ORadj = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.96 to 1.46). Conclusions The increased success rate of spontaneous quit attempts appears to be because spontaneous quit attempts are more likely to be made without cutting down first. Implications The apparent benefit of spontaneous over planned quit attempts may be attributable to the former being more likely to involve quitting without cutting down first (ie, abrupt cessation) than cutting down first (ie, gradual cessation) and so this may be a more useful target for advice to improve the chances of successful quitting.

Menthol Smoking and Subjective Response To the First Cigarette Smoked

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 554-566
Author(s):  
Amy M. Cohn ◽  
Joanne D'silva
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Abuse Liability ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Potential Abuse ◽  
Pleasant Experience

Objectives: Using the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, this study examined whether pleasant and unpleasant subjective responses to the first cigarette smoked differed by initiation with a menthol versus non-menthol cigarette and whether subjective response was associated with current tobacco use behaviors, independent of, and in interaction with menthol initiation. Methods: Data were from youth and young adult ever smokers in Wave 2 (2014-2015) of the PATH study. Results: In adjusted multivariable logistic regression models, menthol initiators reported a more pleasant first smoking experience compared to non-menthol initiators and increased odds of past 30-day smoking, non-cigarette tobacco use, and menthol smoking. In adjusted models, pleasant experience was associated with increased odds of past 30-day smoking, non-cigarette tobacco use, and heavy smoking. Unpleasant experience was associated with decreased odds of past 30-day smoking. Interactions of menthol initiation with subjective response were not significant. Conclusions: Smokers who initiate with a menthol cigarette experience a more pleasant first smoking experience, and pleasant experience is associated with regular smoking and use of non-cigarette tobacco products. Findings underscore the potential abuse liability of menthol cigarettes and provide further evidence that a ban on menthol may help reduce tobacco use among young people.

scholarly journals Quit4hlth: a preliminary investigation of tobacco treatment with gain-framed and loss-framed text messages for quitline callers

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Alana M. Rojewski ◽  
Lindsay R. Duncan ◽  
Allison J. Carroll ◽  
Anthony Brown ◽  
Amy Latimer-Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Message Content ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Treatment ◽  
Quit Attempts

AbstractIntroductionRecent evidence suggests that quitline text messaging is an effective treatment for smoking cessation, but little is known about the relative effectiveness of the message content.AimsA pilot study of the effects of gain-framed (GF; focused on the benefits of quitting) versus loss-framed (LF; focused on the costs of continued smoking) text messages among smokers contacting a quitline.MethodsParticipants were randomized to receive LF (N = 300) or GF (N = 300) text messages for 30 weeks. Self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence and number of 24 h quit attempts were assessed at week 30. Intent-to-treat (ITT) and responder analyses for smoking cessation were conducted using logistic regression.ResultsThe ITT analysis showed 17% of the GF group quit smoking compared to 15% in the LF group (P = 0.508). The responder analysis showed 44% of the GF group quit smoking compared to 35% in the LF group (P = 0.154). More participants in the GF group reported making a 24 h quit attempt compared to the LF group (98% vs. 93%, P = 0.046).ConclusionsAlthough there were no differences in abstinence rates between groups at the week 30 follow-up, participants in the GF group made more quit attempts than those in the LF group.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document