scholarly journals Development of Survey Research

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Erie County ◽  
Current Period ◽  
The One

Survey research and empirical political science grew up together. Although the bills for commercial survey fieldwork are mainly paid for nonpolitical purposes, early surveys were justified publicly for their contribution to a deepened understanding of the electorate. Even today, polls on political questions are the loss leader for many high-profile firms. On the academic side, systematic quantitative investigation of political phenomena began with the Erie County Study (Lazarsfeld, et al. 1968, cited under Based on Purpose-Built Academic Data Sets), and academic and commercial practices intersected with controversies over quota versus probability sampling in the 1940s (Converse 1987). Survey research on public opinion and elections was the central force in shaping empirical methods for the discipline as a whole. Whereas survey research was initially a path along which insights from sociology and psychology were imported into political science, in time political scientists came to dominate the trade. Also with time, survey analysts were forced to acknowledge the limitations of their own method, for causal inference in general but also for historical and institutional nuance. As an expression of a scientific temperament, survey research thus yielded ground to other techniques, most notably statistical analysis of archival data on one hand and experimentation on the other. But these challenges arguably have forced the sample survey to reveal its versatility. Cross-level analyses are increasingly common—all the more so as our understanding of the statistical foundations of multilevel modeling has grown. In addition, surveys are serving increasingly as vehicles for experimentation, a way of recruiting subjects outside the laboratory and off-campus and of linking random selection of subjects to random assignment to experimental treatment or control. The current period is one of massive flux and, possibly, rapid obsolescence. On the one hand, target populations are growing less compliant with surveys, even as the bases for survey coverage become more uncertain. On the other hand, new techniques have emerged, often linked to new funding models. Most critical is the World Wide Web. Ironically, the emergence of the web as a survey platform has revived controversies, seemingly settled in the 1940s, over the requirement for probability samples. Through all of this, concern has grown about the very meaning of survey response and its relation to public opinion—indeed, if such a thing as public opinion exists.

Data Documents

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-328
Author(s):  
Dominic Farace ◽  
Hélène Prost ◽  
Antonella Zane ◽  
Birger Hjørland ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citation Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Bibliometric Data ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Data Citation ◽  
Philosophical Assumption ◽  
The One

This article presents and discusses different kinds of data documents, including data sets, data studies, data papers and data journals. It provides descriptive and bibliometric data on different kinds of data documents and discusses the theoretical and philosophical problems by classifying documents according to the DIKW model (data documents, information documents, knowl­edge documents and wisdom documents). Data documents are, on the one hand, an established category today, even with its own data citation index (DCI). On the other hand, data documents have blurred boundaries in relation to other kinds of documents and seem sometimes to be understood from the problematic philosophical assumption that a datum can be understood as “a single, fixed truth, valid for everyone, everywhere, at all times”

scholarly journals Tropopause and jetlet characteristics in relation to thunderstorm development over Cyprus

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
A. Orphanou ◽  
K. Nicolaides ◽  
D. Charalambous ◽  
P. Lingis ◽  
S. C. Michaelides
Keyword(s):  
Wind Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Abstract. In the present study, the monthly statistical characteristics of jetlet and tropopause in relation to the development of thunderstorms over Cyprus are examined. For the needs of the study the 12:00 UTC radiosonde data obtained from the Athalassa station (33.4° E, 35.1° N) for an 11-year period, from 1997 till 2007, were employed. On the basis of this dataset, the height and the temperature of the tropopause, as well as the height, wind direction and speed of the jetlet were estimated. Additionally, the days in the above period with observed thunderstorms were selected and the aforementioned characteristics of the jetlet and tropopause were noted. The two data sets were subsequently contrasted in an attempt to identify possible relations between thunderstorm development, on the one hand, and tropopause and jetlet characteristics, on the other hand.

Detecting Subgroups in Survey Research

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 751-760
Author(s):  
Todd McLin Davis
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Research Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Statistical Procedures

A problem often not detected in the interpretation of survey research is the potential interaction between subgroups within the sample and aspects of the survey. Potentially interesting interactions are commonly obscured when data are analyzed using descriptive and univariate statistical procedures. This paper suggests the use of cluster analysis as a tool for interpretation of data, particularly when such data take the form of coded categories. An example of the analysis of two data sets with known properties, one random and the other contrived, is presented to illustrate the application of cluster procedures to survey research data.

Is It Privacy or Is It Access Control?

2014 ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia L. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Online Systems ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

With the widespread use of online systems, there is an increasing focus on maintaining the privacy of individuals and information about them. This is often referred to as a need for privacy protection. The author briefly examines definitions of privacy in this context, roughly delineating between keeping facts private and statistical privacy that deals with what can be inferred from data sets. Many of the mechanisms used to implement what is commonly thought of as access control are the same ones used to protect privacy. This chapter explores when this is not the case and, in general, the interplay between privacy and access control on the one hand and, on the other hand, the separation of these models from mechanisms for their implementation.

Political Theory and the Study of Politics: A Report of a Conference

1956 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sharp Distinction ◽  
Basic Issue ◽  
Political Inquiry ◽  
The One

The issues which arose during the discussions of the conference fall fairly conveniently into three compartments.First, we obviously had to settle, with reasonable clarity, what we were talking about: what “political philosophy” is, what “political science” is, and whether they are really distinguishable. The basic issue of the conference was to determine the relevance of the one to the study of the other, and if we had decided that they were really the same thing, there would simply have been no problems for us to discuss. On the whole, we felt that a valid, if not necessarily sharp, distinction was to be made between the “philosophical” and the “scientific” approaches to the study of politics and that we were not discussing absurd or tautological issues. We agreed, however, that all types of political inquiry involve the construction of theory, implicit or explicit, and that the title “political theory” has been unjustifiably appropriated by the historians of political thought.

Structural patterns in Swedish health policy: a 30-year perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Saltman
Keyword(s):  
Health Sector ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Swedish Health Care ◽  
European Health ◽  
Organizational Patterns ◽  
The One

AbstractThis perspective reviews key institutional and organizational patterns in Swedish health care over the last 30 years, probing the roots of several complicated policy questions that concern present-day Swedish decision-makers. It explores in particular the ongoing structural tension between stability, on the one hand, and the necessary levels of innovation and dynamism demanded by the current period of major clinical, technological, economic, social and supranational (EU) change. Where useful, the article compares Swedish developments with those in the other three European Nordic countries as well as other northern European health systems. Sweden’s health sector evolution can provide valuable insight for other countries into the complexity involved in re-thinking tradeoffs between policies that emphasize stability as against those that encourage innovation in health sector governance and provision.

The Withdrawal of the U.N. Force from the Congo: a note for the historical record

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-309
Author(s):  
George L. Sherry
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Member States ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of

Much of the literature, scholarly and journalistic, about certain aspects of the United Nations operation in the Congo has been marked by the twin short. comings of a lack of authentic information on the one hand and the ignoring of such information, even where it is readily available, on the other.There is not much that can be done for the time being about the lack of information, especially in view of the confidential relationship of the United Nations Secretariat with Member States, which inevitably means that the Secretary-General's position often to some extent goes by default before public opinion. This is a pity, but the Secretariat obviously could not operate if governments could not rely on its discretion, which they are entitled to take for granted.

From Esther to Kwezi

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Juliana Claassens ◽  
Amanda Gouws
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
Collaborative Engagement ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The One

This article seeks to reflect on the issue of sexual violence in the context of the twenty year anniversary of democracy in South Africa bringing together views from the authors’ respective disciplines of Gender and the Bible on the one hand and Political Science on the other. We will employ the Old Testament Book of Esther, which offers a remarkable glimpse into the way a patriarchal society is responsible for multiple levels of victimization, in order to take a closer look at our own country’s serious problem of sexual violence. With this collaborative engagement the authors contribute to the conversation on understanding and resisting the scourge of sexual violence in South Africa that has rendered a large proportion of its citizens voiceless.

scholarly journals Indvandring, offentlig mening og politisk teori

Politik ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian F Rostbøll
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Sharp Contrast ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liberal Theory ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Open Borders ◽  
The One ◽  
Liberal Political Theory

Regarding issues of immigration, there is a sharp contrast between Danish public opinion and public policy on the one hand and liberal political theory on the other hand. This article analyzes whether it is a problem for liberal theory that argues for more open borders to be so far removed from public opinion and vice versa. Considering issues of realism, epistemology, and democracy it is discussed how directly policy-related political theory ought to be. 

scholarly journals Paradigms in Political Science Revisited

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Eric A. Winkel
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Science ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
The One

We are at a crossroads where the time is ripe for the emerging Muslim thought to once again set the standard for universal participation and debate. My continual argument with Mona Abul-Fadl's concept of kairos in The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 1, (September 1989 supplement) is whether the openness of the discourse realm is a result of what Gai Eaton describes as the process of decomposition releasing explosive gases, where the "ripeness" is putridity, or a beneficial progress of ideas. Does postmodern deconstruction, decentralization, and destruction create a foothold for the remembering of Islam? Or will the Islamic discourse enter the scene to be trivialized and relativized in the encounter? From my perspective, I tie the movements of the paradigms to the political encounter with the other, where the self-described American establishment was forced to recognize the non-white, the non-male, the non-consumer. More sensitive to complexities, calmer in her approach, and without any reductionism or oversimplification, Mona Abul-Fadl recognizes the "mundane" links of ideas, but treats them with respect nevertheless. It is her insight to see in the tanzil, in the physical and already interpreted descent of the Qur'an and Sunnah, the one rope on which we may spin, in shaa Allah, the Islamic discourse for it to achieve grounding and affirmation in a world of chaos and alienation. We are in a time when a metacritique may now become possible, where the crisis in Western thought coincides with a dawning epistemic consciousness among Muslims. "We are living," she notes, "at the threshold of a critical era which is steadily being acknowledged as such. The designation 'post­modernity' indicates the direction of the transition away from the established canon of values and beliefs identified with the European Enlightenment." ...

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