East Asian Biomes

Ecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Relic Species

East Asian biomes include the major biological ecosystems that make up the land area of East Asia, specifically China with Taiwan, Mongolia, Japan, and the Korean Peninsula. These vary from northern tundra and boreal to southern tropical and subtropical ecosystems, include several major mountain ranges, and comprise forest ecosystems, grasslands, deserts, and also important wetland systems. One literally outstanding globally unique feature of the region is the Tibetan-Qinghai Plateau, which forms the source of many of Asia’s major rivers and also drives the monsoon climatic patterns of the entire region. The region includes the world’s most populated country, China, and some of the most densely populated areas but also some of the least populated areas of the planet, including Mongolia with the lowest density. The region is unusually rich in both flora and fauna and has many distinctive endemic features and relic species. The biome has been a great source of domesticated species and economically important species but faces severe conservation challenges as a result of rapid development and changing climate.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Ecological Vulnerability Based on Vulnerability Scoring Diagram Model in Shennongjia, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-shuo Cao ◽  
Yu-qi Yang ◽  
Zheng-yu Deng ◽  
Yuan-dong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Ecological Vulnerability

Abstract Background Shennongjia is one of the most important ecological function areas and ecologically vulnerable zones in the world. With the rapid development of social economies, especially tourism, the ecological environment of Shennongjia has experienced profound changes. To describe an assessment method of ecological vulnerability, explain its application in Shennongjia, and propose optimization strategies to reduce the risk of ecosystem vulnerability and maintain regional ecological security and stability. Results (1) During the study period, the overall ecological vulnerability of Shennongjia is in a mild vulnerability level, exhibiting differentiation characteristics of high in the northeast and low in the southwest. High vulnerability zones are mainly distributed in the main towns and roads of Shennongjia. (2) The risk of ecological vulnerability of the entire region presents the characteristics of continuous decline. The ecological vulnerability composite index reaches the lowest value of 2.51 in 2018. (3) Land-use types, population density, and vegetation coverage are the main factors driving the evolution of ecological vulnerability. (4) A high level of coupling coordination exists between ecological vulnerability and landscape patterns, and the contribution of patch number and aggregation index to ecological vulnerability is substantial. Conclusions Analyses of the ecological vulnerability of Shennongjia shows that the entire region is in a mild vulnerability level. The extreme vulnerability risk of the northeast, south and southwest areas appears gradually, the vulnerability degree of the ecological environment shows polarization. The evolution of ecological environment in Shennongjia is the result of the interaction between human activities and natural environment. This study offers an effective way to assess ecological vulnerability and provides some strategies and guidance for improving ecological security.

The Acheulean in Asia?: A Review of Research on Korean Palaeolithic Culture.

1984 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Ayres ◽  
Song Nai Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Recent Monograph ◽  
Future Work

A recent monograph written by three prominent Korean archaeologists reports on the results of the past 20 years of research on Korean palaeolithic sites. Discussed are tasks completed, projects underway, and suggestions for future work to be done on palaeolithic remains in the Korean Peninsula. Particularly significant is the chapter on the archaeology of the Jǒngok-ni site which has produced many palaeolithic artefacts; among these the excavators find a high percentage of handaxes and other core bifaces, a cultural phenomenon claimed to be unique in East Asian prehistoric technology.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTIVATED LAND CHANGE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BASED ON GIS IN HENAN PROVINCE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W10 ◽  
pp. 1013-1024
Author(s):  
C. Y. Lu ◽  
H. M. Zhang ◽  
F. Wen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Land Change ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Cultivated land resources are the basic production factors that carry human survival and economic development. Exploring the relationship between cultivated land change and economic development has become a hot issue for scholars.in this paper,The methods of regression analysis, land use elastic coefficient method, location entropy are used to empirically describe the relationship between cultivated land change and economic development.The results show: Since the 20th century, the change of cultivated land area has experienced three distinct stages of change, showing a process of recovery, decline, and steady evolution in Henan Province. The per capita cultivated land area is characterized by an upward trend, and the per capita cultivated land area is increasing year by year. In general, the intensive use of cultivated land in Henan Province is still not high, but the momentum of a sharp decline in cultivated land is basically controlled. The change of cultivated land area and economic development showed a four-time curve fitting relationship, which indicates that the path dependence of economic development on cultivated land occupation still exists, and cultivated land supports the rapid development of economy.The research results of the relationship between cultivated land change and economic development by using location entropy show that the spatial layout of the urban area is less than 0, and the regularity is not strong.The location where the location entropy is between 0–1 is mainly located in the central part of Henan Province;The cities with location entropy greater than 1 are mainly located in the eastern part of Henan.

scholarly journals High Resolution Late-holocene Terrestrial Biomarkers Records in Southern Continental Shelf Area of the Korean Peninsula: Climate and Marine Environmental Implications During the Last 5 Kyr

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangmin Hyun ◽  
Nayeon Kang ◽  
Jin Hyung Cho
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Average Chain Length ◽  
Shelf Area ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Marine Environmental

Abstract High-resolution records for carbon isotopes of organic matter and n-alkane compounds were investigated in two gravity cores (SJP15-2 and SJP15-4) taken from the southern continental shelf of the Korean peninsula to evaluate the variation in influxes of terrestrial organic compounds and their linkage to paleoclimate and marine environmental changes since the last 5 kyr. The total organic carbon contents were < 1%, and the carbon isotope(d13Corg) ratio ranged from approximately −21‰ to -22‰ and, they did not highly fluctuate throughout the two cores. However, the vertical distributions of total terrestrial biomarkers, long-chain n-alkanes (nC25-35), and individual n-alkane compounds exhibited distinctive fluctuations. There are three switching points that discriminate patterns of excursion and distribution at ca. 4.5 ka, 3.0 ka, and 1.8 ka. Several n-alkane combined indices such as average chain length (ACL), carbon preference index (CPI), and paleovegetation index (Paq), were coincident with these switching points, implying that the supply of terrestrial biomarkers was strongly associated with environmental changes at the source area. In particular, the ratios of nC31/nC27 and nC31/nC29 show coincident excursion pattern with lower ratio between 3.0 ka and 1.8 ka, implying that this short-term event-like record (STER) was associated with wetter climate conditions, and thus paleovegetation and paleoclimate variation. Comparison with previous data of the detrital quartz from the East China Sea and aeolian dust in the Cheju (Jeju) Island, South Korea, and Dongge cave oxygen isotope records indicates strong synchronicity with those switching points, suggesting that paleoclimate system of the East Asian region may have influenced the sediment records of study area since the last 5 kyr. Therefore, our high-resolution n-alkane data are very useful for reconstructing past climatic records, and East Asian monsoon and regional records could be associated with the paleoclimate variations of the study area.

scholarly journals The relative importance of various source regions on East Asian surface ozone

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 9077-9120 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nagashima ◽  
T. Ohara ◽  
K. Sudo ◽  
H. Akimoto
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Surface O3

Abstract. The Source-Receptor (S-R) relationship for surface O3 in East Asia is estimated for recent years in this study utilizing the tagged tracer method with a global chemical transport model. The estimation shows the importance of intra-continental transport of O3 inside East Asia as well as the transport of O3 from distant source regions. The model well simulated the absolute concentration and seasonal variation of surface O3 in the East Asian region, and demonstrated significant seasonal difference in the origin of surface O3. More than half of surface O3 is attributable to the O3 transported from distant sources outside of East Asia in the cold season (October to March). In the warm season (April to September), most of the surface O3 is attributed to O3 created within East Asia in most areas of East Asia. The contribution of domestically-created O3 accounts for 20% of surface O3 in Japan and the Korean Peninsula, 40% in North China Plain and around 50% in the southern part of China in spring, which increase greatly in summer. The contribution of China and the Korean Peninsula to Japan are estimated at about 10% and 5%, respectively. A large contribution (20%) of China to the Korean Peninsula is also demonstrated. In the northern and southern part of China, large contribution of over 10% from East Siberia and the Indochina Peninsula are identified, respectively. The contribution of intercontinental transport increases with latitude; it is 21% in Northeast China and 13% in Japan and the Korean Peninsula in spring. As for one-hourly mean surface O3, domestically-created O3 is the main contributor in most areas of East Asia, except for the low O3 class (<30 ppbv), and accounts for more than 50% in very high O3 class (>90 ppbv). The mean relative contribution of China to central Japan was about 10% in every class, but that from the Korean Peninsula is important in all expect the low O3 class. Substantial impact of foreign sources on the exceedance of Japan's AAQS is identified in the high O3 class (60–90 ppbv) in spring.

East Asia and Foreign Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enyu Zhang ◽  
Qingmin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
The Taiwan Strait ◽  
The Cold War

The study of East Asian foreign policies has progressed in sync with mainstream international relations (IR) theories: (1) from perhaps an inadvertent or unconscious coincidence with realism during the Cold War to consciously using different theoretical tools to study the various aspects of East Asian foreign policies; and (2) from the dominance of realism to a diversity of theories in studying East Asian foreign policies. Nonetheless, the old issues from the Cold War have not been resolved; the Korean Peninsula and the Taiwan Strait remain two flashpoints in the region, with new twists that can derail regional stability and prosperity. New issues also have emerged and made East Asia most volatile. One issue is concerned with restructuring the balance of power in East Asia, particularly the dynamics among the major players, i.e. Japan, China, and the United States. Regionalism is another new topic in the study of East Asian foreign policies. A review of the current state of the field suggests that two complementary issues be given priority in the future. First, the foreign policy interests and strategies of individual small states vis-à-vis great powers in the region, particularly those in Southeast Asia and the Korean peninsula. Second, what could really elevate the study of East Asian foreign policies in the general field of IR and foreign policy analysis is to continue exploring innovative analytical frameworks that can expand the boundaries of existing metatheories and paradigms.

scholarly journals KEWENANGAN PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN BADUNG DALAM PENGENDALIAN PERIZINAN PEMBANGUNAN SARANA AKOMODASI PARIWISATA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
Ari Artaya
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Space Utilization ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Zoning Regulations ◽  
The Government

The rapid development of tourism in Badung Regency requires the development and construction of accommodation facilities and other tourism supporting facilities.It is intended to support tourism and the tourists who visit Badung Regency. Based on the data of the Government of Badung Regency, there was an increased growth of tourism accommodation facilities in 2015 with the details as follows: 98 starred hotels, 885 budget hotels, and 38 condo hotels. A moratorium policy is required to control this very rapid development of construction of tourism accommodation facilities. The Government of Badung Regency follows up on this issue by issuingRegent’s Decree No. 36 year 2014 on Minimum Standards for Land Area, Room Area, And Supporting Facilities of Hotels and Condo Hotels. Furthermore, the problem is formulated as follows:What is the source of authority of Badung Regency to control the construction of tourism accommodation facilities? And what kind of policy is used to control the permit of construction of tourism accommodation facilities in Badung Regency? This research uses normative research method to study elements of law including norms, rules, principles of law, doctrines, and legislations. This research uses the statute approach and analytical and conceptual approach. The RTRW of Badung Regency mentions that the authority of the government of Badung Regency in the implementation of control of space utilization in Badung Regency includes arranging general provisions of Zoning Regulations, requirements of permit, provision of incentives and disincentives and guidance of sanctions. One of the permits that are applied to control the construction of tourism accommodation facilities is regulated in section 2 of Regent’s Decree No. 36 year 2014. Pesatnya perkembangan pariwisata di Kabupaten Badung, menuntut pula perkembangan dan pembangunan sarana akomodasi dan fasilitas-fasilitas penunjang pariwisata lainnya. Hal ini merupakan sebuah tujuan untuk mendukung pariwisata dan para wisatawan yang datang ke Kabupaten Badung. Menurut data Badung dalam angka tahun 2015 pertumbuhan sarana akomodasi pariwisata yaitu hotel bintang, hotel melati dan kondotel sampai tahun 2015 mengalami peningkatan pertumbuhan yang sangat pesat, pertumbuhan jumlah hotel bintang sampai tahun 2015 sebanyak 98 hotel, pertumbuhan jumlah hotel melati sampai tahun 2015 mencapai 885 hotel dan pertumbuhan jumlah kondotel sampai tahun 2015 mencapai 38 kondotel. Tingginya perkembangan pembangunan sarana akomodasi pariwisata, menuntut dikeluarkannya kebijakan moratorium untuk pengendalian pembangunan sarana akomodasi pariwisata. Untuk itu, Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung menindaklanjuti dengan kebijakan menerbitkan Peraturan Bupati (Perbup) Nomor 36 tahun 2014 tentang Standar minimal luas lahan dan luas kamar serta fasilitas penunjang hotel dan kondotel. Maka dari itu dirumuskan masalah: Apakah yang menjadi sumber kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Badung dalam pengendalian pembangunan sarana akomodasi pariwisata? Dan Bagaimanakah kebijakan pengendalian perizinan pembangunan sarana akomodasi pariwisata di Kabupaten Badung?. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normative yang merupakan penelitian mengenai substansi hukum yang terdiri dari norma, kaidah, asas-asas hukum, doktrin dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Dengan jenis pendekatan menggunakan: The Statute Approach and Analitical and Conceptual Approach. Dalam RTRW Kabupaten Badung disebutkan bahwa Kewenangan Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung dalam pelaksanaan pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang di wilayah Kabupaten Badung yaitu dengan menyusun ketentuan umum Peraturan Zonasi, ketentuan perizinan, ketentuan pemberian insentif dan disinsentif dan arahan sanksi. Salah satu perizinan yang diterapkan untuk pengendalian pembangunan sarana akomodasi pariwisata diatur dalam Pasal 2 Peraturan Bupati (Perbup) Nomor 36 tahun 2014.

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