scholarly journals A self-report questionnaire to detect hand dermatitis in nurses

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Parsons ◽  
H C Williams ◽  
J English ◽  
J Llewellyn ◽  
G Ntani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hand Dermatitis ◽  
Screening Question

Abstract Background Hand dermatitis is highly prevalent among nurses due to their frequent exposure to wet work. Providing cost-effective dermatological health surveillance for this occupational group presents a challenge to health service providers. Aims To ascertain the predictive value of nurses’ self-assessment of whether they had current hand dermatitis using a screening questionnaire when compared with the assessment made by a dermatologist of the nurses’ hand photographs. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study comparing the self-report decision made by student and intensive care nurses using a single hand dermatitis screening question with the clinical assessment of their hand photographs made by dermatologists using a standardized photographic guide. Results We analysed data collected at study baseline (n = 1599). The results showed that the screening question had a high negative predictive value (91%; 95% CI 89–93), but a low positive predictive value (39%; 95% CI 34–45). It demonstrated acceptable accuracy in distinguishing those with and without the disease (area under the receiver operator curve = 0.7) and had a high specificity (86%; 95% CI 84–88) but a sensitivity of only 52% (95% CI 46–59) in identifying hand dermatitis. Conclusions We found that nurses were able to accurately self-assess themselves as not having any signs of hand dermatitis. By contrast, they were less able to accurately self-assess positive cases suggesting under-recognition of early disease. We propose that a questionnaire containing a single hand dermatitis screening question should be considered as a tool for screening out clear cases as part of a workplace health surveillance programme for detecting hand dermatitis.

Blinded Rechecking of AFB smear Microscopy performance in Selected private health facilities in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letebrhan Weldemhret
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Major Error ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tigray Region

Abstract Background: Sputum smear microscopy remains the most cost-effective tool for tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment monitoring in resource constrained settings. Random blinded rechecking is a reliable tool to measure and improve smear microscopy. So, this study was intended to assess random blinded rechecking of AFB smear microscopy performance in selected private health facilities in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from April 1st 2017 to May 30, 2017. The data was collected using standard data collection form. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25 and the reading agreement was done using kappa statistics.Results: Of the total 269 blinded rechecked smears, 4.8% was found discrepant findings. The major and minor errors were reported by 2.6% (7/269) and 2.2% (6/269) respectively. Likewise, the major error was reported by 50% (5/10) of health facilities with microscopic center. Overall, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the blinded rechecking smears were 87.5%, 98%, 89.7% and 97.8%, respectively with substantial reading agreement, kappa value= 0.80.Conclusions: The overall performance of blinded rechecking was satisfactory with good smear reading agreement. But, the major error reported indicated unacceptable performance. To minimize the discrepancy, private health facilities with tuberculosis smear microscopic center should adhere to national tuberculosis guidelines.

scholarly journals Advantage of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis at Al-Karama Teaching Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hillu Surriah ◽  
Amine Mohammed Bakkour ◽  
Nidaa Ali Abdul Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Appendectomy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suspected Appendicitis ◽  
Presenting Symptoms

Background: The clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis remains a challenge to surgeons. Different aids were introduced to improve the diagnostic accuracy. Among these modalities, ultrasonography is simple, easily available, non-invasive, convenient and cost effective. The aim of the study was to determine the validity of ultrasound in diagnosis of the acute appendicitis in those with clinically diagnosed patients.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in Al-Karama teaching hospital for thirty months from the period of 1st June 2016 to 1st December 2018. All patients with suspected appendicitis underwent clinical evaluation then sent for US. Results of surgeries, where relevant, were compared against US results. Positive and negative appendices on histopathology were regarded in accordance to the criteria which was negative appendectomy was defined as normal looking appendix and absence of acute inflammation on histopathology while positive cases included appendices showing acute inflammatory changes. Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy was calculated.Results: A total of 435 patients with suspected appendicitis, males 224 (51.49%) and females 211 (48.50%) were included in present study. There were no significant differences between patients with positive and negative histopathology findings regarding presenting symptoms. There was a significant association between (cough sign, localized tenderness sign and pointing sign) and patients with positive histopathology findings. Regarding to the validity results of ultrasound in comparison to histopathology findings were  accuracy 87.6%, sensitivity 87.8%, specificity 85.3%, positive predictive value 98.6% and negative predictive value 62.8%.Conclusions: The ultrasonography had a good accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing acute appendicitis cases. Negative with ultrasonography results should be re-examined with different diagnostic technique like CT-scan.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on prevalence of gastro esophageal reflux disease in regurgitant infant and children with evaluation of IGERQ score

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Elayaraja Kandasamy ◽  
Senthil Kumar Andy
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Esophageal Reflux ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Background: Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is the most common esophageal disorder in children of all ages. GER becomes pathological when reflux increase in frequency and intensity, associated with esophageal and respiratory symptoms. Thus, the study was determined to assess the prevalence of GERD in regurgitant children of age 6 to 24 months with evaluation of IGERQ score (Infant Gastro Esophageal Reflux Questionnaire).Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in Gastroenterology Department, Institute of child Health and Hospital for Children, Egmore, Chennai from September 2007 to September 2009. 123 regurgitant children of age 6-24 months were enrolled. Clinical examination and validated questionnaire with total score of 25 was used. Data analysis was aided by EPI info programme. Chi square with P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. IGERQ score was evaluated by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive valve and negative predictive valve.Results: The prevalence of GERD in regurgitant infant and children is 30.8%. Refusal of feeds and poor weight in regurgitant children significantly correlated with GERD. sensitivity was 84%, specificity was 96%, positive predictive value was 91%, negative predictive value was 93%Conclusions: Clinical diagnosis of GERD is sufficient in most instances and a questionnaire may aid in diagnosis the disease. IGERQ score is easily adaptable. IGERQ score >5 has high specificity positive and negative predictive value but reproducibility in our population need further evaluation. 

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness and Validity Assessment of Cyscope Microscope, Quantitative Buffy Coat Microscope, and Rapid Diagnostic Kit for Malaria Diagnosis among Clinic Attendees in Ibadan, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiodun Ogunniyi ◽  
Magbagbeola David Dairo ◽  
Hannah Dada-Adegbola ◽  
Ikeoluwapo O. Ajayi ◽  
Adebola Olayinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validity Assessment ◽  
Diagnostic Instruments

Background. Unavailability of accurate, rapid, reliable, and cost-effective malaria diagnostic instruments constitutes major a challenge to malaria elimination. We validated alternative malaria diagnostic instruments and assessed their comparative cost-effectiveness. Method. Using a cross-sectional study design, 502 patients with malaria symptoms at selected health facilities in Ibadan between January and April 2014 were recruited consecutively. We examined malaria parasites using Cyscope®, QBC, and CareStart™ and results were compared to light microscopy (LM). Validity was determined by assessing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Costs per hour of use for instruments and turnaround time were determined. Result. Sensitivity of the instruments was 76.0% (CareStart), 95.0% (Cyscope), and 98.1% (QBC). Specificity was 96.0% (CareStart), 87.3% (Cyscope), and 85.5% (QBC). PPV were 65.2%, 67.5%, and 84.7%, while NPV were 93.6%, 98.6%, and 99.4% for CareStart, Cyscope, and QBC with Kappa values of 0.75 (CI = 0.68–0.82) for CareStart, 0.72 (CI = 0.65–0.78) for Cyscope, and 0.71 (CI = 0.64–0.77) for QBC. Average cost per hour of use was the lowest ($2.04) with the Cyscope. Turnaround time was the fastest with Cyscope (5 minutes). Conclusion. Cyscope fluorescent microscope had the shortest turnaround time and is the most cost-effective of all the malaria diagnostic instruments evaluated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Truenat MTB/RIF Test in Comparison with Microscopy and Culture for Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in a Tertiary Care Centre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Anie Jose ◽  
Krishna Gopal ◽  
Abel K Samuel Johnson ◽  
Jennie Ann Johnson Samuel ◽  
Sherin Susan Abraham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fitting In

Introduction: Worldwide, Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for 15-20% of all cases of TB. The diagnosis of EPTB is a big challenge, as the number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) bacilli in the tissues and other organs is often very low. Truenat MTB/RIF (rifampicin) is a novel method, which is battery operated, point-of-care and chip-based Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) micro device. Aim: To evaluate Truenat as a screening test in the diagnosis of EPTB in comparison with microscopy and culture. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out over a year in which samples from suspected cases of EPTB fitting in the inclusion criteria were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining for smear microscopy, culture on Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium and PCR for MTB by Truenat. Comparisons were made between the tests and the data was presented using summary statistics with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Results: A total of 248 samples were received from suspected cases of EPTB. Out of the different samples tested, 9 (3.6%) were positive with Truenat MTB. The predominant type of EPTB observed in the study was lymph node Tuberculosis (TB) (66.6%) followed by intestinal, pleural and skeletal TB. Out of the 106 samples tested for culture, four were culture positive for MTB and out of 178 samples tested for microscopy, three were positive for acid fast bacilli. Sensitivity, specificity, Negative Predictive Value (NPV), Positive Predictive Value (PPV), observed agreement of Truenat with culture and microscopy were 100%, 95.1%, 100%, 44.4%, 95.3% and 100%, 96.6%, 100%, 33.3%, 96.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Truenat MTB test is a cost-effective rapid molecular test with good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of EPTB in low resource settings.

scholarly journals What are the Critical Elements of Satisfaction and Experience in Labor and Childbirth—A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9295
Author(s):  
Barbara Baranowska ◽  
Anna Kajdy ◽  
Paulina Pawlicka ◽  
Ernest Pokropek ◽  
Michał Rabijewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Satisfaction With Care ◽  
Birth Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range

The labor experience and satisfaction with childbirth are affected by the care provided (external factors) and individual variables (internal factors). In this paper, we present a descriptive analysis that aims to indicate the strongest correlates of birth experience among a wide range of indicators. The study is a prospective, cross-sectional, self-report survey. It includes the experiences of women giving birth in public and private hospitals in Poland. The two main variables were birth experience and satisfaction with care. The analysis consists of three parts: data pre-processing and initial analysis, explorative investigation, and regression analysis. Among the 15 variables with the highest predictive value regarding birth experience were being informed by the medical personnel, communication, and birth environment. The most significant variables among 15 variables, with the highest predictive value regarding care, were those concerning support, information, and respectful care. The strongest predictor for both, birth experience and satisfaction with care, is the sense of information, with logit coefficients of 0.745 and 1.143, respectively, for birth experience and satisfaction (0.367 and 0.346 for standardized OLS coefficient). The findings demonstrate that by using explanatory variables, one can predict a woman’s description of her satisfaction with perinatal care received in the hospital. On the other hand, they do not have such a significant and robust influence on the birth experience examined by the variables. For both the birth experience and satisfaction with care, the sense of being informed is the highest predictor.

scholarly journals Role of FNAC in the Evaluation of Solitary Cold Thyroid Nodule

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
MA Quddus ◽  
M Alimuzzaman ◽  
MKH Sardar
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Definitive Surgery ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) provides diagnostic information as to the nature of a solitary cold thyroid nodule. Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of FNAC as a diagnostic method of malignancy in solitary cold thyroid nodule. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out among 40 cases of solitary cold thyroid nodule who were admitted in the Department Surgery and ENT of DMCH during period of January 2006 to December 2007. This study was conducted using convient type of non-probability sampling technique Data were collected by face to face interview, clinical examination and finding of both cytological and histological examination. Result: The study revealed that the mean age of the patients was 35.8± 2.36 year with female to male ratio 2.6:1. For all the patients, FNAC were done preoperatively and after definitive surgery histopathology were done for confirmed diagnosis and results of FNAC were compared with histopathology reports. 30 cases were diagnosed as benign and 10 case diagnosed as malignant cold thyroid solitary nodules among 40 cases. In this study, the sensitivity of FNAC was 80% for the presence of malignancy and specificity 96.7% for the absence of malignancy in solitary cold thyroid nodules. The positive predictive value was 88.9% and negative predictive value was 92.5% and diagnostic accuracy was 92.5%. Conclusion: FNAC can be used as a diagnostic method for the evaluation of malignancy as well as in the management of solitary cold thyroid nodule which has reasonable sensitivity and specificity. Finally, it is a quick, cost effective procedure and has excellent patient compliance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v4i1.11997 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2012;4(1):15-17

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracies of screening for atrial fibrillation by cardiac nurses versus radiographers

Open Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000942
Author(s):  
Lærke Marius Kvist ◽  
Nicklas Vinter ◽  
Grazina Urbonaviciene ◽  
Jes Sanddal Lindholt ◽  
Axel Cosmus Pyndt Diederichsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Moderate Sensitivity ◽  
Screening Trial ◽  
Very High

AimWe examined the diagnostic accuracy of single-lead ECG as assessed by radiographers and 12-lead ECG as assessed by cardiac nurses for the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsBased on the Danish Cardiovascular Screening Trial, we conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study of 1338 randomly selected Danish men aged 65–74 years with no exclusion criteria. The participants were screened with single-lead ECG during a CT scan assessed by radiographers and 12-lead ECG assessed by cardiac nurses. The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated compared with that produced by a 12-lead ECG assessed by two consenting cardiologists.ResultsThe study identified 68 participants with ongoing AF, of whom 60 had self-reported AF and 8 had AF detected in the screening. Single-lead ECG assessed for AF by radiographers had a sensitivity of 60.3% (95% CI 47.7 to 72.0), specificity of 97.2% (95% CI 96.2 to 98.1), positive predictive value (PPV) of 53.9% (95% CI 42.1 to 65.5) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.9% (95% CI 96.9 to 98.6). 12-lead ECG assessed by cardiac nurses had a sensitivity of 97.1% (95% CI 89.8 to 99.6), specificity of 100% (95% CI 99.7 to 100), PPV of 100% (95% CI 94.6 to 100) and NPV of 99.8% (95% CI 99.4 to 100).ConclusionsSingle-lead ECG assessed by radiographers had a moderate sensitivity and PPV but a very high specificity and NPV. Using radiographers may be acceptable for opportunistic screening, in particular if radiographers are thoroughly trained. Thus, 12-lead ECG assessed by cardiac nurses is a potential diagnostic method for the detection of AF.

scholarly journals ALLERGIC DISEASES PRIMARY PREVENTION IN CHILDREN: POSITIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE AND HIGH SPECIFICITY OF INFORMATION ON ALLERGIC DISEASES IN MALE RELATIVES

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
M S Treneva
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Risk Criterion

Background. Сhildren allergic diseases primary prevention could be advanced with exploration of positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of information on allergic diseases in a wide range of relatives. Methods. retrospective analytic cross-sectional study. 1974 relatives of 212 children with allergic diseases and 137 controls were questioned. Couples of children equally aged were grouped in «×2»tables for each relativetype. Se was calculated as relative' allergic disease probability in child with allergic disease. Sp was calculated as negative allergic disease relative' probability in negative allergic disease children. PPV was calculated as a probability of allergic diseased children in positive allergic disease relatives; NPV -as a probability of negative allergic diseased children in negative allergic disease relatives. Results. PPV was of high quantity in male relatives -father' father (86%), male cousins (80%), mother' father (77%), mother' brother (73%), father of a child (72%). Mother' PPV was under 65%. Sp of all relatives was of good quantity. The top levels belong to male relatives -father' father (97%), fathermother (94%), father' brother (91%), male cousins (91%), mother' brother (89%). NPV of all relatives was useless for clinical practitioner. Se was low in all relatives. Mother' Se was on top with 67%. So, male relatives'allergic disease importance is confirmed by high PPV and high Sp in grandfathers, uncles, male cousins. Conclusion. high PPV and high Sp of information on allergic disease in male relatives combine prognostic valid and specific risk criterion for allergic diseases in children. A child should be set for a primary prevention of allergic disease in case of allergic disease in grandfathers, or uncles, or male cousins, or child' father.

scholarly journals PO 8496 ACCURACY OF DIAGNOSIS AND HAEMATOLOGICAL DIFFERENCE AMONG MALARIA PATIENTS IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN THE ASHANTI REGION OF GHANA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A46.2-A46
Author(s):  
Abdul-Hakim Mutala ◽  
Kingsley Badu ◽  
Austine Tweneboah ◽  
Samul Agordzo ◽  
Dawood Ackom Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Density ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

BackgroundOver recent years, there has been an increase in the use of a histidine-rich protein 2(HRP-2)-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in the diagnosis of malaria. Accurate and prompt diagnosis of malaria will help reduce parasite reservoir and reduce malaria transmission. However, the underdiagnosis of malaria due to low parasite density hinders malaria eradication. The study aimed at establishing the baseline information on the accuracy of the HRP2-based RDT used in Ghana in three communities (Agona [rural], Kuntanase [peri-urban] and Kumasi [urban]) while determining the haematological difference among malaria patients.MethodsCross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2018. A total of 304 participants were recruited in the study. Microscopy and RDT were used in the detection of malaria parasitaemia in all the samples.ResultsThe overall sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value was 75.9%, 95.6%, 64.7% and 97.4% respectively. The HRP-2 based RDT was highly sensitive (100%) for parasite density ≥250 parasite µl and relatively low for parasite density ≤100 parasite/µl (50%- Kumasi, 67%- Agona and 75%- Kuntanase). On the other hand, Agona (rural) recorded the highest prevalence (15.8%) followed by Kumasi (urban) (9%) and Kuntanase (peri-urban) being the lowest (6.8%). The difference in prevalence was however not statistically significant across the three communities. The rural area also accounted for highest parasite density (mean 99.53) and lowest in urban (60.29) with a statistical difference (p<0.001). The difference in white blood cell levels was significant (<0.0001) across Agona, Kuntanase and Kumasi. RBC and Hb levels were however not significant.ConclusionThe high specificity observed indicates that the majority of the patients without malaria were correctly diagnosed. Notwithstanding, the sensitivity was relatively low and below the WHO standard of ≥95% hence a significant number of malaria-positive cases were misdiagnosed. It is therefore important that the accuracy of RDT should be frequently assessed to improve its quality.

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