scholarly journals 315. Prenatal Hepatitis C Viral (HCV) Screening Practices and HCV-Associated Fetal, Neonatal and Pregnancy Outcomes in a Large Regional Healthcare System

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S167-S167
Author(s):  
Tripti Adhikari ◽  
Rachel Scott ◽  
Utsav Timalsina ◽  
Ariunzaya Amgalan ◽  
Shari L Sawney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Screening Practices ◽  
Hcv Screening ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Prevalence of HCV in pregnancy is 0.1–3.6%. AASLD and IDSA now recommend HCV screening in pregnancy although CDC, USPSTF, or ACOG still do not—though HCV can be perinatally transmitted and carries associated complications for the mother and fetus. Our study objectives were to analyze prenatal HCV screening practices at a large regional healthcare system and the prevalence of HCV-associated maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes. Methods We performed a nested propensity score (PS) case–control study of pregnant women who tested HCV Ab+ in a cross-sectional study of women presenting for prenatal care at a large regional healthcare system from January 17 to December 18. We collected retrospective EHR data, including state of residency, HCV Ab, RNA, care engagement, HCV risk factors, comorbidities, maternal and fetal/neonatal morbidity, and neonatal HCV testing (when available). Mixed and generalized linear models were used to examine differences in continuous and categorical variables, respectively, between cases and controls Results 14,363 women were seen for prenatal care; 4,891 (34%) were HCV tested, 75 (1.5%) tested HCV Ab+. Demographic and comorbidity data are shown in Table 1. HCV Ab+ cases had more co-morbidities, including obesity, heart disease, opioid use, and behavioral health issues compared with the controls. HCV risk factors included IVDU (64%) and tattoos (24%) (Figure 1). Neither past/current pregnancy-related complications nor fetal or neonatal adverse events (Figure 2) were statistically significantly different except for cholestasis in HCV Ab+ cases (5.3 vs. 0%, P = 0.04). Conclusion Our study showed only one-third of pregnant women are currently HCV screened in our health system. Universal screening would likely increase the number of HCV-infected women identified. Early HCV detection, repeated testing, and behavioral health intervention of those at high-risk may decrease further horizontal and vertical transmission of HCV in pregnancy. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS OF HIV-1 VERTICAL TRANSMISSION (VT) AND THE INFLUENCE OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART) IN PREGNANCY OUTCOME

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria F.M. Barral ◽  
Gisele R. de Oliveira ◽  
Rubens C. Lobato ◽  
Raul A. Mendoza-Sassi ◽  
Ana M.b. Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Vertical Transmission Of Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
In Pregnancy

In the absence of intervention, the rate of vertical transmission of HIV can range from 15-45%. With the inclusion of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy and the choice of delivery route this amounts to less than 2%. However ARV use during pregnancy has generated several questions regarding the adverse effects of the gestational and neonatal outcome. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for vertical transmission of HIV-1 seropositive pregnant women living in Rio Grande and the influence of the use of ARVs in pregnancy outcome. Among the 262 pregnant women studied the rate of vertical transmission of HIV was found to be 3.8%. Regarding the VT, there was a lower risk of transmission when antiretroviral drugs were used and prenatal care was conducted at the referral service. However, the use of ART did not influence the outcome of pregnancy. However, initiation of prenatal care after the first trimester had an influence on low birth weight, as well as performance of less than six visits increased the risk of prematurity. Therefore, the risk factors analyzed in this study appear to be related to the realization of inadequate pre-natal and maternal behavior.

scholarly journals Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Moretti ◽  
Giulia Menculini ◽  
Lucia Gonfia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Physiological Sleep ◽  
In Pregnancy

Sleep disturbances and changes in circadian rhythms are commonly observed in pregnant women. These disorders can result from anatomical, physiological, psychological, and hormonal alterations that can influence sleeping during this phase. Sleep disorders during pregnancy can be responsible for detrimental effects on both mother and foetus. In this chapter we will focus on the epidemiology of sleep disorders, physiological sleep mechanisms and their alterations during pregnancy, as well as on risk factors for sleep disorders in pregnancy. We will then focus of the most frequent sleep disorders during pregnancy, also considering eventual adverse implications for both mother and child, prognosis, and possible pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments.

scholarly journals Risk Factors to Urinary Tract Infection Related to Prenatal Care in Pregnancy Women Attending Public Care Units of South Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 05 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnildo Korb ◽  
Saionara Vitoria Barimacker ◽  
Maria Sabrina Telch dos Santos ◽  
Suellen Fincatto ◽  
Carine Vendruscolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Public Care ◽  
South Brazil ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Differences in pregnancy and perinatal outcomes among symptomatic versus asymptomatic COVID-19-infected pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Durray Shahwar A. Khan ◽  
La-Raib Hamid ◽  
Anna Ali ◽  
Rehana A. Salam ◽  
Nadeem Zuberi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background There is dearth of information on COVID-19’s impact on pregnant women. However, literature reported trends of COVID-19 differ, depending on the presence of clinical features upon presentation. Objective This systematic review aimed to assess differences in risk factors, management, complications, and pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in symptomatic vs. asymptomatic pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods A search was run on electronic databases to identify studies reporting COVID-19 in pregnancy. Meta-analysis was performed and odds ratios and mean difference with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Review Manager 5.4. Review Prospero registration number CRD42020204662. Results We included ten articles reporting data from 3158 pregnancies; with 1900 symptomatic and 1258 asymptomatic pregnant women. There was no significant difference in the mean age, gestational age, and body mass index between the two groups. The meta-analysis suggested that pregnant women who were obese (OR:1.37;95%CI:1.15 to 1.62), hypertensive (OR:2.07;95%CI:1.38 to 3.10) or had a respiratory disorder (OR:1.64;95%CI:1.25 to 2.16), were more likely to be symptomatic when infected with SARS-CoV-2. Pregnant women with Black (OR:1.48;95%CI:1.19 to 1.85) or Asian (OR:1.64;95%CI:1.23 to 2.18) ethnicity were more likely to be symptomatic while those with White ethnicity (OR:0.63;95%CI:0.52 to 0.76) were more likely to be asymptomatic. Cesarean-section delivery (OR:1.40;95%CI:1.17 to 1.67) was more likely amongst symptomatic pregnant women. The mean birthweight(g) (MD:240.51;95%CI:188.42 to 293.51), was significantly lower, while the odds of low birthweight (OR:1.85;95%CI:1.06 to 3.24) and preterm birth (< 37 weeks) (OR:2.10;95%CI:1.04 to 4.23) was higher amongst symptomatic pregnant women. Symptomatic pregnant women had a greater requirement for maternal ICU admission (OR:13.25;95%CI:5.60 to 31.34) and mechanical ventilation (OR:15.56;95%CI:2.96 to 81.70) while their neonates had a higher likelihood for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admission (OR:1.96;95%CI:1.59 to 2.43). The management strategies in the included studies were poorly discussed, hence could not be analyzed. Conclusion The evidence suggests that the presence of risk factors (co-morbidities and ethnicity) increased the likelihood of pregnant women being symptomatic. Higher odds of complications were also observed amongst symptomatic pregnant women. However, more adequately conducted studies with adjusted analysis and parallel comparison groups are required to reach conclusive findings.

Evaluating serum elastin levels in striae gravidarum

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Beril Gürlek ◽  
Ülkü Mete Ural ◽  
Sibel Tuğcugil ◽  
Medeni Arpa ◽  
Özgür Önal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Striae Gravidarum ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objective Striae gravidarum (SG) is the most common dermatological defect in pregnancy leading to cosmetic anxiety with unknown etiopathogenesis. The aim of the study was to analyze the relation between serum elastin levels and striae and identify possible independent associated risk factors. Materials and methods This was a prospective observational study. In total, 138 primipara pregnant women were examined before delivery. Participants were separated into two groups according to the presence of SG. Striae assessment was performed according to Davey score. Before the active phase of labor patients were physically examined and blood samples were collected. Personal characteristics, features of birth, skin findings and serum elastin levels were compared between groups. Results Term pregnant women with SG had significantly higher serum elastin levels than those without SG (99.46 ± 32.92 vs. 88.36 ± 19.12, respectively; p = 0.018). Conclusions Serum elastin levels were increased in women with SG. However, the newly synthesized elastin may not be functional as it is thin and disorganized. Therefore, increased elastin production may not prevent the formation of striae. This finding may provide an impetus to explore the pathomechanisms of striae. Further controlled trials are warranted to determine the clinical significance of serum elastin levels in the formation of SG.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for premature birth in a hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita E. Ahumada-Barrios ◽  
German F. Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inadequate Prenatal Care

Abstract Objective: to determine the risk factors for premature birth. Methods: retrospective case-control study of 600 pregnant women assisted in a hospital, with 298 pregnant women in the case group (who gave birth prematurely <37 weeks) and 302 pregnant women who gave birth to a full-term newborn in the control group. Stata software version 12.2 was used. The Chi-square test was used in bivariate analysis and logistic regression was used in multivariate analysis, from which Odds Ratios (OR) and Confidence Intervals (CI) of 95% were derived. Results: risk factors associated with premature birth were current twin pregnancy (adjusted OR= 2.4; p= 0.02), inadequate prenatal care (< 6 controls) (adjusted OR= 3.2; p <0.001), absent prenatal care (adjusted OR= 3.0; p <0.001), history of premature birth (adjusted OR= 3.7; p <0.001) and preeclampsia (adjusted OR= 1.9; p= 0.005). Conclusion: history of premature birth, preeclampsia, not receiving prenatal care and receiving inadequate prenatal care were risk factors for premature birth.

scholarly journals Assessment of prevalence and risk factors for anaemia in pregnant women attending Karnataka institute of medical sciences, outpatient department, Hubballi, Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1916
Author(s):  
Dattatraya D. Bant ◽  
Shiv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Iron And Folic Acid ◽  
Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽  
Inter Pregnancy Interval ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is one of the major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in India and world. Anaemia in pregnancy continues to be a problem in spite of national programs for its prevention and control. It accounts for 1/5th of maternal deaths worldwide and 16% in India and is the major factor responsible for low birth weight, abortions, premature birth, and post-partum haemorrhage. Hence determining the status and factors influencing anaemia among pregnant women is essential to treat and prevent the same. Objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 200 pregnant women attending for antenatal care at KIMS OPD from 3rd June to 4th July. A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire was applied to collect data. Haemoglobin estimation was done by Sahli’s method.Results: Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was found to be 81%; majority had moderate anaemia 57%. The mean age of pregnant women in the study is 24.55 years and 46.5% belong to lower socioeconomic status, 43% lived in joint families. Factors influencing anaemia were multi-parity, short inter-pregnancy interval, no history of recent deworming and iron and folic acid tablets intake.Conclusions: In the present study, the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was found to be very high i.e., 81% especially among illiterates, low income groups, multiparous women, short inter-pregnancy interval, no history of recent deworming and iron and folic acid tablets intake. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of marijuana use in pregnant women with concurrent opioid use disorder or alcohol use in pregnancy

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Page ◽  
Cristina Murray-Krezan ◽  
Lawrence Leeman ◽  
Mary Carmody ◽  
Julia M. Stephen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background A quarter of pregnant women use alcohol, 6.5/1000 deliveries are affected by opioid use disorder (OUD), and the prevalence of cannabis use in pregnant women is increasing. However, marijuana co-exposure in polysubstance-using women is not well described. Methods The well-characterized ENRICH-1 cohort (n = 251), which focused on the effects of two primary exposures of interest—opioids and alcohol, was used to (1) estimate the prevalence/frequency of marijuana use in those with OUD and/or alcohol use, and (2) examined correlates of marijuana use. Participants were classified into an OUD group (n = 125), Alcohol group (n = 69), and concurrent OUD and Alcohol (OUD + Alcohol) group (n = 57). Self-report and biomarkers ascertained substance use. Multivariable logistic regression identified correlates of marijuana use. Results The prevalence of any marijuana use in pregnancy was 43.2%, 52.6%, and 46.4% in the OUD, OUD + Alcohol, and Alcohol groups, respectively. Correspondingly, weekly or daily use was reported by 19.4%, 21.0%, and 24.6% of participants. In the OUD and OUD + Alcohol groups, the proportion of women using marijuana was significantly higher in those taking buprenorphine (45.8% and 58.3%, respectively) compared to women using methadone (37.5% and 42.9%, respectively). Mean maternal age was lower in women who used marijuana in all three groups compared to non-marijuana users. Independent correlates of marijuana use (controlling for group, race/ethnicity, education, and smoking) were maternal age (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) per 5-year increment 0.61; (95% CI 0.47, 0.79)), and polysubstance use (aOR 2.02; 95% CI 1.11, 3.67). There was a significant interaction between partnership status and group: among women who were not in a partnership, those in the OUD and OUD + Alcohol groups had lower odds of marijuana use relative to the Alcohol group. For women in the Alcohol group, partnered women had lower odds of marijuana use than un-partnered women (aOR 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.68). Conclusions Results indicate a relatively high prevalence and frequency of marijuana use in pregnant women being treated for OUD and/or women consuming alcohol while pregnant. These results highlight the need for ongoing risk reduction strategies addressing marijuana use for pregnant women receiving OUD treatment and those with alcohol exposure.

scholarly journals Alcohol use, pregnancy and associated risk factors: a pilot cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending antenatal care in an urban city

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imelda K Moise
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preventable alcohol-related developmental disability fetal alcohol syndrome. In Zambia, alcohol use and associated risk factors have not been investigated, and screening in prenatal care is nonexistent. This study determined individual correlates and the prevalence of alcohol use in pregnant women attending prenatal care at two health clinics in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods A study adopted a cross-sectional design and recruited 188 pregnant women after seeking their informed consent from July 19 to 31, 2017. Participants aged 18 or over completed the T-ACE (Tolerance, Annoyance, Cut Down and Eye Opener) screening tool and validated alcohol-screening questionnaires on self-reported alcohol use periconceptional and during conception period while at their regular prenatal visit. The T-ACE screening tool assessed the risk of alcohol dependence in four short questions. The questionnaires included demographic questions. Bivariate analyses were performed using the χ2 test for dichotomous variables and the t-test for continuous variables. Mixed-effects linear models were used to evaluate the effect of outcome variables with patient-level variables. Results About 40 (21.2%) pregnant women were identified by the T-ACE as at-risk for problem drinking during pregnancy. Except for regular prenatal care and distance, there was no difference in the demographic factors between pregnant women who scored <2 on the T-ACE and those that scored > 2 points (all p’s > 0.05). A small proportional of women at both clinics reported binge drinking during the periconceptional period (12.7% vs. 3.2%, p=0.003) and beyond periconception period. Excluding employed women, no significant relationships were observed between alcohol use and demographic factors. Conclusion These findings underscore the need for targeted screening and intervention for alcohol use in all pregnant women in Zambia.

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