scholarly journals 611. Fosfomycin Resistance of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Mechanisms of Fosfomycin Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S285-S285
Author(s):  
Hyeri Seok ◽  
Ji Hoon Jeon ◽  
Hee Kyoung Choi ◽  
Won Suk Choi ◽  
Dae Won Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Fosfomycin Resistance

Abstract Background Fosfomycin is one of the antibiotics that may be a candidate for the next-generation antimicrobial agents againt multidrug-resistant bacteria. To date, it is known that the resistance rate is not high for Escherichia coli. However, it is necessary to update the fosfomycin resistance rates in E. coli according to the studies that extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli strains are highly resistance to fosfomycin. We evaluated the resistance rate of fosfomycin, the resistant mechanism of fosfomycin in E. coli, and the activity of fosfomycin against susceptible and resistant strains of E. coli. Methods A total of 283 clinical isolates was collected from patients with Escherichia coli species during the period of January 2018 to June 2018, in three tertiary hospitals of Republic of Korea. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed in all E. coli isolates using the broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of the Oxford scheme was conducted to determine the genotypes of E. coli isolated. Fosfomycin genes were investigated for all fosfomycin-resistant E. coli strains. Results The overall resistance rate to fosfomycin was 10.2%, compared with 53.4%, 46.3%, 41.3%, 31.1%, 10.6%, 2.5%, and 2.1% for ciprofloxacin, cefixime, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, colistin, ertapenem, and amikacin, respectively. The 29 fosfomycin-resistant isolates did not show a clonal pattern on the phylogenetic tree. MurA and glp genes were identified in all strains. FosA3 were identified in two strains and uhp gene were identified in 4 strains. In time-kill curve studies, fosfomycin was more bactericidal than cefixime against all sensitive E. coli strain. Morever, fosfomycin was more bactericidal than piperacillin/tazobactam against ESBL-producing E. coli strain. Conclusion The resistant rate of fosfomycin to E. coli is still low. Fosfomycin was active against E. coli including ESBL producing strains. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of antimicrobial peptide CDP-B11 alone and in combination with colistin against colistin-resistant and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin S. Witherell ◽  
Jason Price ◽  
Ashok D. Bandaranayake ◽  
James Olson ◽  
Douglas R. Call
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Minimal Media

AbstractMultidrug-resistant bacteria are a growing global concern, and with increasingly prevalent resistance to last line antibiotics such as colistin, it is imperative that alternative treatment options are identified. Herein we investigated the mechanism of action of a novel antimicrobial peptide (CDP-B11) and its effectiveness against multidrug-resistant bacteria including Escherichia coli #0346, which harbors multiple antibiotic-resistance genes, including mobilized colistin resistance gene (mcr-1). Bacterial membrane potential and membrane integrity assays, measured by flow cytometry, were used to test membrane disruption. Bacterial growth inhibition assays and time to kill assays measured the effectiveness of CDP-B11 alone and in combination with colistin against E. coli #0346 and other bacteria. Hemolysis assays were used to quantify the hemolytic effects of CDP-B11 alone and in combination with colistin. Findings show CDP-B11 disrupts the outer membrane of E. coli #0346. CDP-B11 with colistin inhibits the growth of E. coli #0346 at ≥ 10× lower colistin concentrations compared to colistin alone in Mueller–Hinton media and M9 media. Growth is significantly inhibited in other clinically relevant strains, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In rich media and minimal media, the drug combination kills bacteria at a lower colistin concentration (1.25 μg/mL) compared to colistin alone (2.5 μg/mL). In minimal media, the combination is bactericidal with killing accelerated by up to 2 h compared to colistin alone. Importantly, no significant red blood hemolysis is evident for CDP-B11 alone or in combination with colistin. The characteristics of CDP-B11 presented here indicate that it can be used as a potential monotherapy or as combination therapy with colistin for the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections, including colistin-resistant infections.

In vitro activity of antimicrobial agents with and without sulbactam, EDTA and sulbactam-EDTA on ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy Tibetan yaks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoguang Liu ◽  
Xiaoling Yuan ◽  
Yiheng Chen ◽  
Xiaoshen Li ◽  
Ming Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Enhance Activity

Abstract Background The spread of ESBLs-producing bacteria has been strikingly rapid in many regions of the world and it causes therapeutic difficulties in everyday practice. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and susceptibilities of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli isolates from healthy Tibetan yaks in China, to evaluate the activity of drug combinations on ESBLs-producing E. coli isolates. Methods From July 2018 to August 2019, a total of 750 nasal swab samples were tested for the presence of E. coli and ESBLs-producing strains. The MICs of 11 antimicrobial agents alone and combinations with sulbactam, EDTA or sulbactam-EDTA against 240 ESBLs-producing E.coli strains were determined by the broth microdilution method. Results Overall, 59.87% (n = 449) of the samples were positive for E. coli, 240 (53.45%) of 449 E. coli isolates were confirmed to be ESBLs-producing. The addition of sulbactam to the third generation cephalosporins, amikacin and fosfomycin for all isolates resulted in low MICs, increasing the level of susceptibility from 0, 0 and 0% to 50 ~ 87.5, 4.2 and 100% respectively. The addition of EDTA to fluoroquinolones, doxycycline, florfenicol, amikacin and fosfomycin, showed improved activities and resulted in low MICs, increasing the level of susceptibility from 0, 0, 8.3, 0 and 0% to 4.2 ~ 29.2, 33.3, 33.3, 66.7 and 45.8%, respectively. All other antibacterials (except fluoroquinolones, doxycycline and florfenicol), when combined with sulbactam-EDTA, were found to be more active than combinations only with sulbactam or with EDTA against most of isolates, with lower MIC50s and MIC90s. Conclusion In conclusion, ESBLs-producing E. coli isolates were widespread in healthy Tibetan yaks in China. ESBLs-producing E. coli isolates exhibited varying degrees of multidrug resistance. This study these findings suggested that sulbactam can enhance activity of β-lactams and some non-β-lactams of antimicrobial agents and had a synergistic effects with EDTA in improving activities of some families of antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Emergence of high multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from neonates with infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Yijun Ding ◽  
Jinjing Zhang ◽  
Kaihu Yao ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Abstract Background Escherichia coli (E.coli) rank one of the most common pathogens that can cause neonatal infections. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major cause of treatment failure in newborn with infection. The purpose of this study was to describe the antibiotic resistance and multidrug-resistance of E.coli isolated from neonates with infection.Methods The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the E. coli strains to selected antibiotics was assessed with the E-test technique on the Mueller-Hinton agar. The antimicrobials tests were included ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefatriaxone, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefoperazone - sulbactam, meropenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and sulfonamides. The minimal inhibitory concerntration (MIC) values of the antimicrobial agents selected for this study was determined by an agar dilution technique on Mueller-Hinton agar according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. Results A total of 100 E. coli strains was isolated from phlegm (n = 78), blood (n = 10), cerebrospinal fluid (n = 5), and umbilical discharge (n = 7) of neonates hospitalized at Beijing Children’s Hospital. The highest resistance rate of E.coli was found in amoxicillin at 85%, followed by cefuroxime 65%, and cefatriaxone 60%, respectively. 6% and 5% of all isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefoperazone -sulbactam merely. The resistance rates to ceftazidime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and sulfonamides were 31%, 20%, 33%, 47%, respectively. All the isolates were susceptible to meropenem. Multidrug resistance was defined in E.coli as resistance to at least three antibiotic families. About 26% (26/100) of all the E.coli isolates were multidrug-resistant. The detection rate of ESBL-Producing E. coli was 55%. The rate in E. coli isolates from phlegm was higher than aseptic humoral. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). It is worth noting that the majority of the isolates were also resistant to non-β-lactam antimicrobial agents, but the resistant rates were significantly lower than extended-spectrum β-lactamases.Conclusions: Multi-drug-resistant E.coli has become a thorny problem in clinical treatment. It is necessary to monitor E. coli resistance.

scholarly journals Fosfomycin Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from South Korea and in vitro Activity of Fosfomycin Alone and in Combination with Other Antibiotics

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeri Seok ◽  
Ji Young Choi ◽  
Yu Mi Wi ◽  
Dae Won Park ◽  
Kyong Ran Peck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Term Care ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fosfomycin Resistance ◽  
Community Onset

We investigated fosfomycin susceptibility in Escherichia coli clinical isolates from South Korea, including community-onset, hospital-onset, and long-term care facility (LTCF)-onset isolates. The resistance mechanisms and genotypes of fosfomycin-resistant isolates were also identified. Finally, the in vitro efficacy of combinations of fosfomycin with other antibiotics were examined in susceptible or extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolates. The fosfomycin resistance rate was 6.7% and was significantly higher in LTCF-onset isolates than community-onset and hospital-onset isolates. Twenty-one sequence types (STs) were identified among 19 fosfomycin-resistant E. coli isolates, showing diverse genotypes. fosA3 was found in only two isolates, and diverse genetic variations were identified in three genes associated with fosfomycin resistance, namely, GlpT, UhpT, and MurA. Some fosfomycin-resistant E. coli isolates carried no mutations. In vitro time-kill assays showed that fosfomycin alone did not exhibit an excellent killing activity, compared with ciprofloxacin in susceptible isolates and with ertapenem in ESBL producers. However, combining fosfomycin with cefixime or piperacillin-tazobactam eradicated susceptible or ESBL-producing isolates, respectively, even with 0.5× minimum inhibitory concentrations. Overall, we found a relatively high fosfomycin resistance rate in E. coli isolates from South Korea. Based on their genotypes and resistance mechanisms, most of the fosfomycin-resistant E. coli isolates might occur independently. Antibiotic combinations with fosfomycin could be a suitable therapeutic option for infections caused by E. coli isolates.

scholarly journals Virulence Potential of a Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strain Belonging to the Emerging Clonal Group ST101-B1 Isolated from Bloodstream Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina M. Santos ◽  
Rosa M. Silva ◽  
Tiago B. Valiatti ◽  
Fernanda F. Santos ◽  
José F. Santos-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Escherichia coli EC121 is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain isolated from a bloodstream infection of an inpatient with persistent gastroenteritis and T-zone lymphoma that died due to septic shock. Despite causing an extraintestinal infection, previous studies showed that it did not have the usual characteristics of an extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Instead, it belonged to phylogenetic group B1 and harbored few known virulence genes. To evaluate the pathogenic potential of strain EC121, an extensive genome sequencing and in vitro characterization of various pathogenicity-associated properties were performed. The genomic analysis showed that strain EC121 harbors more than 50 complete virulence genetic clusters. It also displays the capacity to adhere to a variety of epithelial cell lineages and invade T24 bladder cells, as well as the ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, and survive the bactericidal serum complement activity. Additionally, EC121 was shown to be virulent in the Galleria mellonella model. Furthermore, EC121 is an MDR strain harboring 14 antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-2. Completing the scenario, it belongs to serotype O154:H25 and to sequence type 101-B1, which has been epidemiologically linked to extraintestinal infections as well as to antimicrobial resistance spread. This study with E. coli strain EC121 shows that clinical isolates considered opportunistic might be true pathogens that go underestimated.

Discrepancy between colistin and polymyxin B susceptibility results among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serap Süzük Yıldız ◽  
Can Hüseyin Hekimoğlu ◽  
Zekiye Bakkaloğlu ◽  
Emine Alp
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Major Error ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

AbstractThe selection of therapeutic agent to be used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a major concern. Polymyxin B use has been commenced in Turkey, although its clinical breakpoint is not listed in the EUCAST. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the MIC values of polymyxin B and colistin. A total of 505 isolates, including 122 isolates of Escherichia coli and 383 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were included in the present study. All the isolates were assessed for colistin and polymyxin B using the broth microdilution method. The categorical agreement in the E. coli isolates was 98.4%, and the rate of very major error was 33.3%. The categorical agreement in the K. pneumoniae isolates was 99.5%, the rate of major error was 0.36%, and the rate of very major error was 0.98%. In the evaluation of the essential agreement, 1.6% error in E. coli and 2.3% error in K. pneumoniae were observed. It was concluded that polymyxin B should never be used in the treatment of the isolates reported as colistin-resistant, and if the MIC values are above 4 mg/L in E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Our results indicate importance of reporting both polymyxin B and colistin susceptibility results of clinical isolates.

scholarly journals Synergy between Florfenicol and Aminoglycosides against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Livestock

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shukho Kim ◽  
Jung Hwa Woo ◽  
So Hyun Jun ◽  
Dong Chan Moon ◽  
Suk-Kyung Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Combination Regimen ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Effective Combination

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the laborious development of novel antimicrobial agents have limited the options for effective antimicrobial therapy. The combination of previously used antimicrobial agents represents an alternative therapy for multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. The objective of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of a florfenicol (FFL)-based combination with other antimicrobial agents against MDR Escherichia coli isolates from livestock using checkerboard assays and murine infection models. The FFL/amikacin (AMK) and FFL/gentamicin (GEN) combinations showed synergy against 10/11 and 6/11 MDR E. coli isolates in vitro, respectively. The combination of FFL with aminoglycosides (AMK or GEN) exhibited a better synergistic effect against MDR E. coli isolates than the cephalothin (CEF)/GEN or FFL/CEF combinations. The combination of FFL with AMK or GEN could reduce the emergence of resistant mutants in vitro. The FFL/AMK combination showed a higher survival rate of mice infected with MDR E. coli isolates than FFL or AMK alone. In summary, the combination of FFL with aminoglycosides (AMK or GEN) is highly effective against MDR E. coli isolates both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings may contribute to the discovery of an effective combination regimen against MDR E. coli infections in veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Fecal Carriage and Molecular Epidemiology of mcr-1-Harboring Escherichia Coli from Children in Southern China.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialiang Mai ◽  
Zhile Xiong ◽  
Shuwen Yao ◽  
Xiangtang Chen ◽  
Bingshao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Objective: The increase of multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria has led to reintroduction of colistin for clinical treatments, and colistin has become a last resort for infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. Enterobacteriaceae bacteria carrying the mcr-1 gene are majorly related to colistin resistance, which may be the main reason for continued increase in the colistin resistance rate of Enterobacteriaceae. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sequence type and prevalence of bacteria harboring mcr-1 gene in the gut flora of children in Southern China. Method: Fecal samples (n=2632) of children from 3 medical centers in Guangzhou were cultured for Escherichia coli (E. coli). The mcr-1-harboring isolates were screened by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The colistin resistance transfer frequency was studied by conjugation experiments. DNA sequencing of seven housekeeping genes were used for multi locus sequence typing analysis (MLST).Result: PCR indicated that 21 isolates from the 2632 E. coli (0.80%) were positive for mcr-1; these strains were resistant to colistin. Conjugation experiment indicated that 18 of the mcr-1-harboring isolates could transfer colistin resistance phenotypes to E. coli J53. MLST analysis revealed that the 21 isolates were divided into 18 sequence types (STs); ST69 was the most common (14.3%), followed by ST58 (9.5%). Conclusion: These results demonstrate the colonisation dynamics and molecular epidemiology of mcr-1-harboring E. coli in the gut flora of children in Southern China, and the mcr-1 gene can be horizontally transmitted within species, it is necessary to monitor the mcr-1-harboring bacteria in children.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF BLATEM, BLASHV, AND BLACTX-M GENES AMONG ESBL-PRODUCING KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE AND ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM THALASSEMIA IN ERBIL, IRAQ

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e2019041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pishtiwan Ahmad Hamad ◽  
Khalil Mustafa Khadija
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
To Come

Due to the recent appearance of organisms that are resistant to several drugs (multidrug-resistant) like Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL, concerns have remarkably increased regarding the suitable treatment of infections. The present study was an investigation into ESBL molecular characteristics among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli resulting in UTIs and their pattern of antimicrobial resistance in order to come up with helpful information on the epidemiology of these infections and risk factors accompanied with them. In order to conduct the study, 20 K. pneumoniae and 48 E. coli were isolated and retrieved from thalassemia center in Erbil, Iraq during July 2016 and September 2016. The collected strains were analyzed and the profile of their antimicrobial susceptibility was specified. In order to spot β-lactamase genes (i.e. blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M), polymerase chain reaction was conducted. The results obtained from multiplex PCR assay showed that out of the collected strains of ESBL-producing E. coli, 37 had 81% blaTEM, 16.2% blaSHV, and 32.4% blaCTX-M genes. Similarly, 64.7% blaTEM, 35.2% blaSHV, and 41.1% blaCTX-M genes existed in the isolates of K. pneumoniae. It was found that antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates to 20 antibiotics varied widely. It was also concluded that the majority of the K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Moreover, 75% and 87.5% of respectively K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates showed the MDR phenotypes. TEM prevalence was high among other types of ESBLs. Over all, the most active antimicrobial agents in vitro remained to be the carbapenems.

Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Edible Offal in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 1183-1190
Author(s):  
SE HYUN SON ◽  
KWANG WON SEO ◽  
YEONG BIN KIM ◽  
HYE YOUNG JEON ◽  
EUN BI NOH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT Edible offal, which is the nonmuscular part of the livestock, is a popular food product in many countries. However, it can be easily contaminated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, during slaughter and processing and regarded as a reservoir for transfer of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to humans. This study aimed to investigate prevalence and characteristics of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates from edible offal in Korea. A total of 320 chicken offal samples, 540 pig offal samples, and 560 cattle offal samples were collected. Among the 118 E. coli isolates obtained, resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent was revealed in 32 (100%), 46 (95.8%), and 26 (68.4%) isolates of chicken, pig, and cattle offals, respectively, with an overall prevalence of 88.1% (104 of 118). The isolates from chicken offal showed highest resistance to most antimicrobial agents, with the exception of higher ampicillin resistance for isolates from pig offal. In the distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes of 69 (58.5%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli, blaTEM-1 (97.1%), tetA (76.6%), sul2 (70.6%), and cmlA (57.4%) were most prevalent. Class 1 and class 2 integrons were detected in 82.6 and 2.9% of the MDR isolates, respectively. In total, seven virulence genes (eaeA, escV, astA, fimH, papC, sfa/focDE, and iucC) were also identified in the MDR isolates. The fimH gene was the most frequent (91.3%). Overall, 52 isolates from chicken (24 isolates, 96.0%), pig (16 isolates, 55.2%) and cattle (12 isolates, 80.0%) offals among MDR isolates were found to have some plasmid replicons. Frep (38 isolates) and FIB (27 isolates) replicons were more prevalent than other replicon types. The results suggest that edible offal can become a relevant reservoir of E. coli strains carrying various antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. HIGHLIGHTS

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