Social Media
Social media have transformed the way we think and interact with others. Inhibitions are often far lower online than offline, leading to a greater tendency toward incivility. One of the most visible changes to public discourse in the social media age has been the rise of call-out culture, a term used to describe the use of social media to build a wave of public indignation regarding behavior deemed transgressive. Social media can act both directly (e.g., through call-out campaigns) and indirectly (through behavior modification aimed at avoiding social media opprobrium) to shape what happens on campus. While the social media–induced incentives for behavior modification apply generally, they operate particularly powerfully in academia because academic administrators, teachers, and researchers are by definition in the public eye. And, academic researchers are particularly exposed to the vicissitudes of social media not only because they are visible, but because the advancement of knowledge by its very nature requires making assertions that are new and that may be risky.