Territorial Integrity

On the Evening of August 7, 2008, Inal Pliyev was working late at his office in the center of Tskhinval(i). A former journalist, Pliyev was head of communications for the self-declared South Ossetian Republic. Earlier in the evening, Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili had declared a unilateral ceasefire after days of skirmishes between Georgian forces and South Ossetian militias. Pliyev, however, was still in the office because of information about increasing Georgian artillery and armor concentrations near the town. “First we heard what sounded like grenade launchers—after the years of conflict everyone here knows what sound is made by which weapon. I did not pay much attention to that.” But when he heard the first sounds of Grad missiles, Pliyev turned off his computer and ran for his life. “All parts of the city came under fire simultaneously. It was so intense, that you couldn’t even register a fraction of time between explosions, there were multiple explosions every second. The fire was non-stop. Electricity and gas supplies were cut off during the first minute of the shelling, and for the most part phone service was also cut off.” One shell fell next to the government building where Pliyev and his colleagues huddled. “The building shook so much that part of the ceiling bent down, and we ran into an underground bunker in a nearby non-government building. Explosions were becoming louder and even more frequent. We could not leave our hideout, and everyone was getting ready to die. Even more we feared being taken prisoner by Georgian soldiers. It was especially terrifying when we heard machine gun fire. Our only thought was to avoid being taken prisoner at any cost. Our only hope was for the Russian air force, we were waiting for it to come, so that Georgians would leave our city. But it wasn’t coming.” Pliyev had his mobile phone, and as its battery ran out he spoke to various Russian media outlets pleading for Russian military help.

"RIBEIRÃO DAS TREVAS”? The skateboard giving an ollie in the dominant algorithms over the city of Ribeirão das Neves - MG

Revista Observatório ◽

10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2020v6n4a6en ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. a6en

Author(s):

Janaína Damaceno Gomes ◽

Rafaela Goltara Souza

Keyword(s):

Black Population ◽

Search Algorithms ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

The Self ◽

Internet Search ◽

Official Gazette ◽

Court Of Justice ◽

Master's Thesis ◽

The Government ◽

Ribeirão das Neves is a city in Minas Gerais with approximately 334 thousand inhabitants and 60% of the self-declared black population. In addition to the stigma “city of penitentiaries”, it was also known for the pun “Ribeirão das Trevas” published in the Official Gazette of the State on September 7, 2013 and on the website of the Court of Justice of Minas Gerais on August 21, 2018, and for thousands of publications of violence and poverty related by internet search algorithms. However, the city destined by the government to always be the same, houses other narratives created by a collective of black educating skaters: the Just Crew Skateboard. This article is an offshoot of the master's thesis and presents the results of the investigation, revealing in the light of the readings of Nilma Lino Gomes, how this group challenges the stigma of the city by showing new possibilities for engagement and a narrative that values life and sociability.

THE REPORT OF NIZHYN VOIVODES IN THE «ACTS OF SOUTH WESTERN RUSSIA»

Mìsto ìstorìâ kulʹtura suspìlʹstvo ◽

10.15407/mics2016.01.163 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 163-170

Author(s):

Lyudmyla Lesyk

Keyword(s):

Local Population ◽

Financial Statements ◽

The State ◽

Valuable Source ◽

History Of ◽

Internal Policy ◽

The Government ◽

Russian Military ◽

State Of Affairs ◽

The author analyzes the economic documentation sent by the Nizhyn governors to the Malorossiyskyi Prykaz in the 1650s and 1670s. The excerpts published in the Acts relating to the History of Southern and Western Russia. This source the author used to show the nature of the interaction between the Nizhyn Voivodship and the government, to identify the main issues voivode had to report on and the tasks he had to solve, as well as to consider the situation of the Russian military contingent in Nizhyn.The author notes that the royal pledges led by the voivods appeared in Chernihiv, Nizhyn, Pereyaslav and other Ukrainian cities in the late 1650s. The names of the Nizhyn voivods, who served in the 1650-1670s, were identified, and the author described their activities. She found out that the voivode had to build a fortress in the city to defend against enemies, manage the affairs of their garrisons, send to Moscow financial statements of expenditures, to issue a sovereign's pay to the archers, to fight against their escape, which was very common, and in addition to monitor on the activities of the local Cossack administration and internal policy in the territories subordinate to them, submit to the king petitioners and petitions, provide information on events in the Ukrainian lands and in the neighboring territories, involve the local population in the work . Under the rule of Ivan Bryukhovetsky, voivode had to collect taxes from inhabitants of the Hetmanate (except for Cossacks and clergy). The author concludes that it was through regular reports that the voivode in Moscow knew about the state of affairs in the Hetmanate region and, following the information received, adjusted their policy towards the Ukrainian lands. Therefore, the voivodship runoff can be considered a valuable source from the history of the hetman's Ukraine itself.

Art. II.—On an Ancient Buddhist Inscription at Keu-yung kwan, in North China

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society ◽

10.1017/s0035869x00156746 ◽

1870 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 14-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Wylie

Keyword(s):

Ming Dynasty ◽

Indian Origin ◽

The Government ◽

Run Up ◽

Steep Slopes ◽

The Village ◽

The City ◽

The Town ◽

Great Wall

Travellers from the city of Peking to the town of Kalgan on the great wall of China, must make the journey by the rugged defile known as the Nankow Pass. Five miles north of the entrance, where the village of Nankow stands, is the smaller village of Keu-yung kwan. Fortifications there run up the steep slopes of the mountains on both sides of the valley; and besides arched gateways at the two ends of the village, the highway passes under a limestone archway of a much more striking appearance. This is covered with mythological and symbolic sculptures of obviously Indian origin. The tradition of the natives in the neighbourhood asserts it to have been the basement story of a pagoda which stood there; and the name by which it is still designated, Kwŏ keae t'à, “Pagoda crossing the street,” bears out the statement. We are told that this pagoda, though erected for the benefit of the locality, proved an object of such terror to the superstitious Mongols, coming south from their native wilds, that they could not be induced to pass under the ominous-looking structure; and thus it was found necessary in the early part of the Ming dynasty, to remove the upper stories of the erection; the policy of the government being to conciliate and attract these wild nomades.

Doors and Chords: Explorations from Music to Architecture

10.26686/wgtn.17065361 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Harrison Platt

Keyword(s):

Historical Narrative ◽

Town Hall ◽

New Town ◽

Singular Event ◽

Christ Church ◽

To Come ◽

The City ◽

The Town ◽

Creative Forces ◽

Architecture And Music

<p>Architecture and music have a long intertwining history.These respective creative forces many times have collaborated into monumental place, harboured rich occasion, been catalyst for cultural movement and defined generations. Together they transcend their respective identities. From dinky local church to monstrous national stadia, together they are an intense concentration, a powerfully addictive dosage where architecture is the place, music is the faith, and people are the reason. Music is a programme that architecture often celebrates in poetic and grand fashion; a superficial excuse to symbolise their creative parallels. But their relationship is much richer and holds more value than just the opportunity to attempt architectural metaphor.While music will always overshadow the architecture in the sense of a singular event, architecture is like the soundman behind the mixing desk. It’s not the star front and centre grabbing your attention, but is responsible for framing the star. It is the foundational backdrop, a critical pillar. Great architecture can help make great music. In this sense music is a communication of architecture, it is the ultimate creative function. Christchurch, New Zealand, is a city whose story changed in an instant. The seismic events of 2010 and 2011 have become the overriding subject of its historical narrative, as it will be for years to come. Disaster redefines place (the town of Napier, struck by an earthquake in 1931, exemplifies this). There is no quantifiable justification for an exploration of architecture and music within the context of Christchurch. The Town Hall, one of New Zealand’s most architecturally significant buildings, is under repair. The Christ Church Cathedral will more than likely be rebuilt to some degree of its former self. But these are echoes of the city that Christchurch was.They are saved because they are artefact. Evidence of history.This thesis makes the argument for the new, the better than before, and for the making of opportunity from disaster, by proposing a ‘new’ town hall, conceived from the sound of old.</p>

Lug- Ins- Land: 1887– 1901

A Fierce Green Fire ◽

10.1093/oso/9780199965038.003.0006 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Marybeth Lorbiecki

Keyword(s):

Industrial Revolution ◽

Aldo Leopold ◽

Wood Thrush ◽

Childhood Home ◽

German Immigrant ◽

To Come ◽

Migrating Birds ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

The City ◽

From his childhood home atop Prospect Hill in Burlington, Iowa, Aldo Leopold could gaze out over the mighty Mississippi and its wet, wooded bottomlands. Each fall and spring, the skies were speckled like the breast of a wood thrush as thousands of migrating birds flew overhead, rousing hunters to their blinds. Coal smoke wafted up from the river’s steamboats. The train whistles of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad pierced the winds as locomotives chugged back and forth across the Burlington Bridge, linking Illinois to Iowa. Though unaware of it, Leopold was overlooking the meeting of the nation’s East and West, of the Industrial Revolution and the frontier, of an age of nature’s plenty and one of scarcity, of the 19th century and the 20th to come. Leopold was born in Burlington on January 11, 1887, in the house of his grandparents, Charles and Marie Runge Starker. Their home provided fertile soil for the growth of a citizen concerned about people, the land, and the relationships between them. As some flowers are colored by minerals absorbed in their roots, Aldo’s later works exhibit shades of his grandparents and parents. A German immigrant educated in engineering and architecture, Charles Starker had come to Burlington in 1850, when it was a rough river town on the edge of the western prairie. He liked what he saw, because it reminded him of his homeland, and he worked to make Burlington even more into the kind of town he wanted it to be: aesthetic, prosperous, and cultured. Over the years, he progressed from the drafting of buildings to the construction of businesses, excelling as a grocer, banker, alderman, and director of the city cemetery. Using his prestige, he spearheaded efforts to bring to the town, among other civic gems, a library and an opera house, which lent Burlington a grand style scarcely matched by other midwestern communities its size. But style was not enough. Charles was an amateur naturalist, and he believed that cities, as well as homes, required spaces specifically set aside for people to enjoy nature’s offerings.

HOW TO ADDRESS THE ATHENIAN ASSEMBLY: RHETORIC AND POLITICAL TACTICS IN THE DEBATE ABOUT MYTILENE (THUC. 3.37–50)

The Classical Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0009838812000663 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 94-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Edward M. Harris

Keyword(s):

The People ◽

Political Tactics ◽

The Government ◽

To Come ◽

The Right ◽

In 428b.c.e.the city of Mytilene launched a revolt against the Athenians and invited the Spartans to send them assistance. The plans for the revolt were reported to the Athenians (3.2), who sent a force against the city (3.3). The Mytilenians asked for help from the Spartans (3.4.5–6), but the fleet they sent arrived too late to help the city (3.26.4). The revolt appears to have been the initiative of the city's wealthier citizens: Thucydides reports (3.27–8) that heavy armour was not distributed to the people until Salaethus, the leader of the rebellion, realized that Spartan help would not arrive in time. Once the people received this armour, they refused to take orders from officials and held meetings, insisting that the government should distribute all available grain. If they did not, they threatened to negotiate on their own with the Athenians about surrender. The government was powerless to stop them and decided it was best to come to terms with the Athenians. It was agreed that the Athenians would have the power to act as they wished with the city and that the Mytilenians would have the right to send envoys to Athens to plead their case before the Assembly.

Egyptian‐Sudanese Trade in the Ottoman Period to 1882

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Terence Walz

Keyword(s):

Nile Valley ◽

Free Enterprise ◽

The West ◽

Trade Routes ◽

Political Conditions ◽

The Government ◽

Trade Route ◽

Individual Traders ◽

The City ◽

Egypt’s trade in the Ottoman period with the Sudanic kingdoms to its south waxed and waned according to political conditions at either end of its trade routes. During the 16th and 17th centuries, powerful kingdoms developed in the area of Sinnar (near modern-day Khartoum) and to the west in the area of Darfur. The trade route connecting western Sudan to Egypt, known as the Forty Days Road, was ancient, probably dating to the Pharaonic period, but it experienced a remarkable revival in the 17th century when the Keira sultans of Darfur consolidated their rule in western Sudan and engaged in trade with Egypt in order to obtain luxury goods. In the following two centuries, trade between Egypt, Sinnar, and Darfur flourished, the pattern being that Egyptian, Syrian, and European-made goods were exchanged primarily for Sudanic exports of slaves, ivory, ostrich feathers, and livestock. Sudanese merchants, known as jallaba, came to Egypt and Egyptians settled in the Sudan as a result of these developments. Asyut was the town in Upper Egypt chiefly benefiting from the revival of the caravan trade, but the primary trade destination was Cairo, whence most merchants went. In 1820, the Egyptians invaded the Sudan and trade between the two countries fell under a different set of rules and regulations. Initially monopolized by the government, items in the trade began to be sold by individual traders, and after 1839, when the Muhammad Ali, ruler of Egypt, was forced to withdraw from lands his army had conquered in Arabia and the Levant, European free enterprise soon became a major economic force in the Nile Valley. For a brief period, between 1845 and 1860, Egyptian middlemen, working closely with jallaba, profited richly from the Sudan trade, the city of Asyut prospered, but eventually they fell victim to European economic domination.

Krisis Citra Penyelenggaraan Event Jakarta Fair untuk Mengembalikan Konsep Merakyat

Humaniora ◽

10.21512/humaniora.v5i1.3043 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 435

Author(s):

Lidia Wati Evelina

Keyword(s):

Small Businesses ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

City Government ◽

Source Selection ◽

The People ◽

People Orientation ◽

The Government ◽

To Come ◽

Surrounding Areas ◽

Research goal is to analyze the crisis of event implementation image of Jakarta Fair 2013, done by JIExpo which changing from people orientation to business orientation. This research is motivated by the desire of the city government to restore the original concept of the event held for the people. Research used qualitative method approach to find out more about the communications made by the city government. Information and data were obtained through interviews conducted by the visitor and direct observation in the field. Triangulation was used to test the validity of research data. Source selection was done using purposive sampling technique. The analysis used the analysis of the reduction is to collect, dispose of, and process the information and then displays the data and drawing conclusions. Results achieved that the promotional activities undertaken by JIEXPO are able to attract many people's attention to come even though it is located quite far away and charged. However, the party criticized the government organization that is not after the populist concept. Conclusion from the research organization of this annual event remains one of alternative entertainment for society in general and in particular to the people of Jakarta and surrounding areas. However, the need to accommodate the delivery of PT JIEXPO small businesses to be able to participate in the annual event. There needs to be an open conversation that is a win-win solution between PT JIExpo with the city government.

A Reestruturação do Espaço Urbano em Juiz de Fora a partir de Projetos Urbanos de Grande Impacto

Latin American Journal of Development ◽

10.46814/lajdv3n5-033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 3133-3144

Author(s):

Luciane Tasca ◽

Sabrina Ferretti Do Amaral

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Spatial Planning ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Spatial Restructuring ◽

The Government ◽

Year 2000 ◽

The City ◽

O presente artigo se insere na temática da reestruturação do espaço em cidades médias brasileiras e apresenta como principal objetivo analisar a implantação de Projetos Urbanos de relevante impacto na estrutura da cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG. Segundo perspectiva histórica, desde a década de 1970, o município vem passando por alterações significativas na sua estrutura, resultantes de sua expansão e do surgimento de novas centralidades. Destaca-se, no entanto, que desde o ano 2000, Juiz de Fora se tornou palco de Projetos Urbanos (especialmente na sua Região Sul), a partir de mudanças implementadas pela administração pública focadas no planejamento estratégico e no empresariamento urbano. Percebe-se assim, o surgimento de um novo núcleo de atratividade num processo crescente de alteração da dinâmica urbana do município. Diante da ineficiente ação por parte do poder público local, somada à falta de políticas urbanas integradas ao planejamento espacial da cidade, este trabalho se justifica por se apresentar como um meio de explorar e debater idéias que contribuam efetivamente para a qualidade urbana da cidade. This paper is part of the issue spatial restructuring in Brazilian average cities and has as its objective to analyze the implementation of urban projects of significant impact on the structure of Juiz de Fora, MG. According to a historical perspective, since the 1970s, the city has been undergoing significant changes in its structure, resulting from its expansion and the emergence of new centers. Stands out, however, from the year 2000, Juiz de Fora became the scene of urban projects (deployed in its Southern Region), from the implemented changes by the government focused on the strategic planning and the urban enterprising: It is noticed, the rise of a new core attractiveness distinct from the others: excluding and in order to threaten the dynamic urban areas. In front of the ineficcient action from the local government, together with the lack of integrated urban policies to the spatial planning of the city, this work is justified by presenting itself as a way to explore and discuss ideas that contribute effectively to the quality of the town.

Implementasi Sistem Informasi Aplikasi Pendidikan (SIAP) terhadap Pelayanan Publik di Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kota Serang

Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.24198/kumawula.v1i3.20948 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 170

Author(s):

Riswanda Riswanda

Keyword(s):

Cluster Sampling ◽

Research Approach ◽

Quality Of Information ◽

Educational Management ◽

Web Based ◽

Computer Based ◽

The Government ◽

To Come ◽

A computer based service could be a measure of information-technology. The City of Serang Government adapts the principle of 'e-governance' as to measure the success of its public sector management. Educational Management Information System Apps (so-called SIAP) reflects the government efforts to come up with an up-to-date apps in terms of providing service in education. The apps nevertheless have to cope with some remaining issues come from its users. This research indicates such issues merely exist on the capacity of the apps to make it easy for users seeking data they look for when visiting either the website or when using the SIAP. The research approach is qualitative aims at measuring the web-based service quality. Cluster sampling was conducted to all population of the apps in Serang City to test out gaps between users perception and users expectation of the provided service. 'Webqual' is used as a analystical framework. The result indicates gaps within two domineering aspects namely the 'quality of information' (96,25) and the 'quality of interactions', whilst the 'functionality' aspect remains high (94.04).