Local Government and Health Governance

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
Fran Baum
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Profit Motive ◽  
Health It ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Vested Interests

This chapter examines how local governance can be most effective in promoting health and then reviews developments in first urban and then rural and regional governance in terms of contributions to health equity, well-being, and sustainability. The chapter notes that while local government can be a positive part of the governance for health, it is not always benign. It can be captured by vested interests whose aim is to profit from development in a city, rather than acting in the interests of the public good. The argument is made that local government requires safeguards so that those who have only a profit motive in mind are not able to capture local authorities or exercise undue influence over them. The characteristics of good local governance are described. Examples are provided of urban and rural local governments acting in the interests of health and equity.

Local governance and the crisis of water and sanitation provision in medium-sized urban centres: Evidence from three cities in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 026909422110353
Author(s):  
Kayode J Samuel ◽  
Samuel B Agbola ◽  
Olorunfemi A Olojede
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The People ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Basic Services

Local governance encompasses the involvement of local governments and other community-based organizations in participatory decision-making for efficient delivery of public services. In the developing world, however, the weakness of the local government and local governance has inhibited the efficient and effective delivery of these services. Relying on water and sanitation data and interviews of relevant officials, this study analyses the structure of governance of water supply and sanitation (WSS) at the community levels in selected medium-sized urban centres in Nigeria. Results showed that majority of the city dwellers lacked access to safe water and sanitation, an indication of convoluted, poorly regulated provision regimes and the waning capacity of local governments to galvanize local actions towards the efficient provision and management of these services at community levels. Multiple provision regimes, weak coordinating and regulatory frameworks characterize WSS governance. Further, the sub-national authorities’ encroachment on local government funds which deprived these tiers of government the resources they could have used in providing these essential services presents a major setback. Local governments require financial and constitutional autonomy to provide basic services to the people and supervise and coordinate the activities of other governmental and non-governmental actors involved in service provision.

scholarly journals Sustainability Assessment of Portuguese Local Governments (2009 to 2017)

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-104
Author(s):  
Paula Gomes dos Santos ◽  
Carla Martinho
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Transparency And Accountability

Public governance must ensure financial sustainability. This investigation aims to assess Portuguese local governments financial sustainability as the ability to service the upcoming obligations in commercial transactions (under the Late Payment Directive framework) and to study if accounting information enables public local governance with greater transparency and accountability about their financial sustainability. The study will focus on the 308 Portuguese local governments from 2009 to 2017. The number of local governments with average payment periods (PMPs) within 30 days had an increasing tendency. However, their adjusted average payment periods greatly exceed the 30 days, which means limited financial sustainability. In 2017, only 29% of the local governments have an adjusted PMP within 30 days against the 63% if it is used the officials PMPs. Therefore, accounting information does not enable public governance with greater transparency and accountability about Portuguese local government financial sustainability.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Media in Promoting Information Disclosure on Environmental Incidents: An Evolutionary Game Theory Perspective

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Ling ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
Wenhui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
The Public

Despite the expectation that social media use in the public sector contributes to enhancing government's transparency, few studies have been investigated whether social media use actually leads to more disclosure during environmental incidents in practice and how social media influence local governments and their officials' information disclosure. In this article, we model information disclosure during environmental incidents as an evolutionary game process between the central government and local government in social media context, and examine the internal mechanism that how social media influence the progress of information disclosure during environmental incidents. The findings indicate that social media plays an active constructive role in central-local government game relations. Specific- ally, social media can provides an efficient information channels for the central government supervise regional officials in environmental incidents, and thus improves its supervision efficiency, and it also provides an important means for internet mobilization and online-offline interaction by encouraging the public exchange information and express their views, and in turn forces local governments and their officials tend to disclosure ahead.

Il ruolo della valutazione nella costruzione di un sistema integrato di servizi per l'infanzia

2009 ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
Tullia Musatti ◽  
Isabella Di Giandomenico ◽  
Maria Cristina Picchio
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Daycare Centers ◽  
Educational Provision ◽  
Institutional Accreditation

- The analysis of the relationships between evaluation activities and re-organization of early educational provision in Italy shows the potential role of evaluation in the processes of modernization of public administration. Local governments need both to guarantee a good quality of the public as well as subsidized early educational centers and to build up an integrated network of all the centers in their area. In this perspective, evaluation becomes a basic tool of local governance. This paper will present a project of evaluation of infant-toddler daycare centers realized on demand of the City of Rome. The project implemented an articulated system of evaluation based on a process of discussion on the definition and evaluation of quality that was shared among different stakeholders and implemented according to procedures of documentation, analysis, and evaluation of the different components of the center quality. The analysis of this experience shows that, within an integrated local network of early educational centers, the evaluation activities aimed at institutional accreditation or at excellence accreditation are likely to be the same. The paper also discusses the value of an approach to the evaluation of early educational services based on inter-subjectivity and participation of many stakeholders. Key words: early educational provision, accreditation, participant evaluation, empowerment, sustainability.

Conditions and prospects for cooperation between Polish and Ukrainian local governments

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-241
Author(s):  
Mariusz W. Sienkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
The Eu

The fact that Poland and Ukraine share a border, the convergence of the political goals of the peoples of both countries, and the constant efforts towards the development of democracy and decentralisation of public life determine the need to intensify cooperation in various areas of the functioning of society and the economy. An important sphere of cooperation is the public sector, in particular at the level of local government. The local government cooperation of both countries was already visible at the beginning of the social and political transformations after 1990. The development of this cooperation, with varying results, took place in the 1990s and, to an even greater extent, after Poland’s accession to the European Union. In the last three decades, local and regional communities in Ukraine have become an important partner for Polish local governments, both at the local and regional levels. The local government cooperation that has been implemented is based on the diversification and multidimensionality of forms and models. Some result from legal regulations, while others are based on mutual experiences, previous contacts, and sympathies of public authorities. The aim of the study is to analyse and present the conditions and forms of Polish-Ukrainian local government cooperation. The aim is also to show the barriers to cooperation and to define proposed solutions to improve partner contacts of territorial units. The local government cooperation of the two countries is undoubtedly hindered by the fact that Ukraine is not a member of the EU, and often by mutual misunderstanding and non-acceptance of historical experiences. On the other hand, common goals at different levels of social, public, and economic life are a significant factor motivating parties to increase cooperation and achieve a synergistic effect thanks to it.

Efektivitas Fungsi Pengawasan DPRD Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah: Studi Kota Makassar

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-282
Author(s):  
Herman Herman ◽  
Hambali Thalib ◽  
Hamza Baharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Good Government ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Balance Mechanism

Paradigma baru dalam undang-undang nomor 23 tahun 23 tahun 2014 tetang pemerintahan daerah menghendaki hubungan yang sejajar antara DPRD dengan pemerintah daerah. Hubungan sejajar tersebut menandakan bahwa posisi DPRD dan pemerintah daerah adalah menempati posisi yang sama kuat. Hal itu di perlakukan guna mewujudkan pemerintahan yang baik (Good Government) yang di imbangi system pengawasan yang efektif dan efesien melalui mekanisme Check and Balance. Pemerintahan baik Good Government adalah pemerintahan yang di jalankan berdasarkan pada norma atau peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengaturnya secara konsisten dan bertanggung jawab dalam rangka mencapai tujuan negara yang di landasi prinsip transparan, angkutabel, bersih, jujur dan amanah. Untuk mewujudkan pemerintahan daerah yang baik, maka fungsi Dewan Perwakilan Rakyar Daerah di dalam melakukan pengawasan atas pelaksanaan urusan pemerintahan daerah adalah sangat penting. Pengawasan DPRD ini termasuk keputusan yang sanagt umum di luar peraturan perundang-undangan seperti kebijkan kepala daerah. The new paradigm in law number 23 of 23 of 2014 regarding regional governance requires an equal relationship between the DPRD and local governments. This parallel relationship indicates that the position of DPRD and local government is in the same strong position. This is done in order to create a good government (Good Government) which is balanced by an effective and efficient monitoring system through the Check and Balance mechanism. Good governance Good Government is a government that is run based on the norms or laws and regulations that regulate it consistently and responsibly in order to achieve the country's goals which are based on the principles of transparency, transportation, cleanliness, honesty and trustworthiness. To realize good regional governance, the function of the Regional People's Representative Council in supervising the implementation of regional government affairs is very important. This DPRD oversight includes decisions that are very general outside the statutory regulations, such as the policies of the regional head.

Local Government as a Democracy Actor or a Service Delivery Actor

2014 ◽  
pp. 127-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Demediuk ◽  
Stephen Burgess ◽  
Rolf Solli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Governance Practice

Local governance occurs where a local government gives citizens a say in things that really matter to them, and e-governance initiatives provide electronic means to enable citizens to participate in this shared governing of the community. The clearer a local government is about the nature and degree to which it needs to act as a democracy actor (better citizens and better government) and/or a service delivery actor (better decision making), the greater the prospect that it can choose appropriate electronic means through an e-governance approach to meet those ends. In order to guide an e-governance practice and inform further research, this chapter: provides models that articulate the elements that constitute better decision making, better citizens, and better government, and presents examples from five local governments of how electronic means can satisfy particular ends.

Elucidating the Linkages Between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Local Government Sustainability Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Deslatte ◽  
William L. Swann
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
And Performance

Linking strategic management to performance has been called essential for public managers to confront pernicious environmental and community problems in the 21st century. This article examines the role that an organization’s entrepreneurial orientation (EO) plays in the linkages between organizational capacities, strategies, and perceived performance. An EO is considered a key driver of a public organization’s willingness to engage in risk taking, innovation, and proactivity aimed at enhancing organizational routines, decision-making, and performance. Scholars have provided empirical guidance for the antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurialism in bureaucracy, yet we know little systematically about how EO links to strategies that may affect performance in the public sector. To investigate, we employ a mixed methods design using a nationwide survey of U.S. local governments and interviews with local government managers about their experiences in sustainability programs. Quantitatively, we find evidence for environmental factors of political and administrative capacities positively influencing EO, and that strategic activities of performance information use, venturing, and interorganizational collaboration mediate the relation between EO and perceived sustainability performance. Interviews corroborate these findings and illuminate how local government managers proactively engage stakeholders, consider risk taking, build capacity, and pursue innovation in sustainability.

Public Libraries and Local E-Government

2009 ◽  
pp. 647-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Primary Location ◽  
And Training

Many residents and local communities rely on public libraries for access to and training to use e-government. Many local governments direct citizens to the public library for help in using e-government, while citizens seek help from the public library in using local e-government when they have no other means of connecting or when they want help using e-government. As a result, public libraries now serve not only as instrumentalities of local government, but as a primary location for access to local e-government and a very successful link between citizens to e-government. As residents, communities, and governments rely on public libraries as a main access point to e-government, it essential to better understand the connection and education roles of public libraries to improve the delivery of local e-government.

scholarly journals Critique of the functional assignment architecture of Punjab’s local governance legislation of 2013 & 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moazzam Ali Janjua ◽  
Rainer Rohdewohld
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Functional Assignment ◽  
Institutional Strengthening ◽  
Government Legislation ◽  
New System

In 2013 and 2019, the local government legislation of the province of Punjab in Pakistan saw two rounds of major changes – each of which led to a new local government Act being passed. In 2013 the changes were driven by constitutional and judicial requirements and in 2019 by the political will of Pakistan’s new coalition government. This article analyses and compares the functional assignment (FA) architecture of the two Acts against a set of parameters. The study finds that marginal improvements to the FA architecture introduced by the 2019 Act are offset by continuing inconsistencies and lack of clarity over ‘who does what’ in the functions assigned to local governments. The authors suggest that improving the functionality of local governments requires full implementation of the design features of the new system, including institutional strengthening of provincial-level entities which regulate and oversee the local government system.

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