Morale, Modernity, and British Social Imaginaries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ussishkin
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Imaginaries ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normative Expectations

The first chapter situates the history of morale within the broader trajectories of histories of notions and practices of discipline, and it suggests that what lent the historical concept of morale its force, what made it so appealing for myriad actors across civil society, had to do with the distinctive characteristics of the army as a disciplinary institution. Rather than tracing the history of morale as a history of how it was defined, morale is better examined in terms of what those who argued for management of morale sought to achieve and the social and political visions they sought to promote. The notion of morale provided Britons with a template for thinking about the production of cohesive social bodies, and set normative expectations that underpinned British social imaginaries.

Społeczeństwo obywatelskie w Nowej Zelandii według: International Comparative non-profit research programme

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Konrad Ćwikliński
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Institutional Order

Basic information about history of shaping civil society institution in New Zealand based on International Comparative non-profit research programme, Center for Civil Society Studies at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. New Zealand during the colonial period was formed by regulating the social, legal and political from the British legislation,and signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, which gave basis for shaping the social and institutional order.

scholarly journals Die Epistemologie der Ausnahme

2017 ◽  
Vol Humanities and social... (Articles) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Ermakoff
Keyword(s):  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Historical Sociology ◽  
Relational Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normative Expectations ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
Characteristic Features

International audience Außergewöhnliche Situationen werden meist als untypisch, komisch und selten dargestellt. Womit lässt sich dann aber ihre systematische Untersuchung rechtfertigen? Ausgehend von der Differenzierung zwischen Abweichungen, Ausnahmen und Sonderfällen, hebt dieser Beitrag drei epistemische Beiträge außergewöhnlicher Fälle hervor. Erstens verdeutlichen außergewöhnliche Fälle die Grenzen von Kategorien und Klassifizierungen. Ihr Beitrag ist kritisch. Zweitens verweisen außergewöhnliche Fälle auf neue Gegenstandsmodelle. Sie erhalten einen paradigmatischen Rang durch das Aufzeigen spezifischer Charakteristika dieser neuen Modelle. Drittens verdeutlichen außergewöhnliche Fälle Beziehungsmodelle, die in gewöhnlicheren Zusammenhängen unsichtbar bleiben. Ihr Beitrag ist hier heuristisch. Diese drei Beiträge sind möglich, wenn wir unsere normativen Verhaltensweisen bezüglich des Vorhersehbaren aufheben und die Fälle in Beziehung zu einem analytischen Raum konstitutiver Dimensionen setzen. Der Beitrag fußt hauptsächlich auf Beispielen aus den Sozialwissenschaften: Organisationssoziologie, Ethnomethodologie, vergleichende Geschichtssoziologie und Wissenschaftsgeschichte Exceptional cases are at odds with the typical : they stand out as bizarre and rare. What then could justify their systematic analysis? Elaborating the analytical distinction between anomalies, exceptions and outliers, this paper outlines three potential epistemic contributions of exceptional cases. First, exceptional cases reveal the limits of standard classification categories. In so doing, they problematize usual classificatory grids. Their input is critical. Second, exceptional cases point to new classes of objects. They acquire paradigmatic status when they exemplify the characteristic features of these new classes with utmost clarity. Third, exceptional cases magnify relational patterns that in more mundane contexts lack visibility. Here their contribution is heuristic. These three contributions become possible when we put at bay normative expectations of what should happen, and specify cases by reference to an analytical space of constitutive dimensions. To underscore the general significance of these observations, I draw on examples borrowed from different quarters of the social sciences: the sociology of organizations, ethnomethodology, comparative historical sociology and the history of science Cet article éclaire trois contributions possibles du cas d’exception défini comme tout objet de considération qui se démarque et se distingue d’un cadre normatif, d’une thèse explicative ou d’une distribution fréquentielle. La contribution est critique lorsque le cas met en doute les fondements d’une taxonomie, le bien-fondé d’un énoncé prédictif ou celui d’une modélisation. Elle est paradigmatique dès lors que le cas exemplifie un ensemble de propriétés caractéristiques d’une classe empirique. Elle devient heuristique à partir du moment où le cas rend visible la logique de rapports restés jusqu’alors non documentés

Kemalism and Beyond

2015 ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Christopher Houston
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social History ◽  
First World War ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

Abstract: Despite the ceaseless efforts of what its supporters name the “Atatürk Cumhuriyeti” (Atatürk Republic), Kemalism is seen by many as a discredited ideology and an oppressive political practice. This chapter explores the social history of Kemalism since 1923 and the background to its now decades-long crisis of legitimacy. It compares the orthodox narrative concerning the Kemalist project with its various deconstructive accounts, many of which zero in on the years after the First World War and the 1920s and 1930s as foundational in present-day conflicts. These orthodox and heterodox histories, allied to the interests of different groups, do politics by another means. The chapter then traces how the power struggle over Kemalism’s futures is developing. Rather than pontificate about what the state or civil society should do, it concludes by drawing attention to emerging lineaments of change in existing civil society and social conditions.

scholarly journals Neoliberalism and Civil Society: Swedish Exceptionalism in a Comparative Perspective – On the Conceptual and Real History of Civil Society

Stan Rzeczy ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 227-253
Author(s):  
Sven Eliaeson
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Swedish Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Social science is a battlefield for the formation of concepts. The Swedish case is particular. “Civil society” re-entered the scene as a neoliberal and social-conservative reaction against the social-democratic ideology of the “strong state,” in which the state and society were conceived to be almost synonymous. The Swedish revival of an old concept is in obvious contrast with the concept’s reception east of the Elbe in recent decades, where “civil society” has often been used as a label for grass roots social movements, which are independent of the state and the nomenklatura, in malfunctioning regimes with low legitimacy and poor output. This idea is lacking in the Swedish case, where we find a characteristic merger between the “top-down” and “bottom-up” perspectives. “Real, existing” civil society in Sweden has a long history. Self-organised initiatives sought support from the state and often received it – in some cases creating institutions that grew into state agencies. Forestry, electrification, and early social insurance provide examples of the interplay between the state, the market, and society. Swedish civil society has deep roots in history, going back at least to late medieval days. Civil society was a formative element in the design of the relatively successful “Swedish model” through social engineering and piecemeal reforms during the period from the 1930s to the late 1960s.

scholarly journals Untapped potential? Action by non-governmental organisations on the social determinants of mental health in high-income countries: an integrative review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Cresswell-Smith ◽  
Anna K. Macintyre ◽  
Kristian Wahlbeck
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Taking Action

Civil society in general is widely recognised as having an important role in addressing the social determinants of health. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have a long history of mental health actions, ranging from mental health promotion and advocacy to volunteer work and service provision. An explicit focus on the social determinants of mental health is a more recent development. In this article we review relevant literature on NGO actions on key social determinants of mental health: family; friends and communities; education and skills; good work; money and resources; housing; and surroundings. Searching of relevant bibliographic databases was combined with searching for relevant grey literature to identify relevant evidence and practice on the work of NGOs in this field. We reflect on the inherent tensions involved in understanding the role of NGOs in taking action on the social determinants of mental health and the critical questions raised as a result. Our review highlights a lack of documented evidence of NGO actions, and underscores the significant untapped potential of civil society to contribute to the Mental Health in All Policies (MHiAP) agenda.

THE ROLE OF THE IRAQ ELITE IN BUILDING THE STATE AFTER AYEAR 2003

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
Kareem Murad ATEE ◽  
Alaa Abd Al Kadum JABAR
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Voice

It appear in Iraqi stste in this time of the history of Iraq anew start level of paths and its considered as most important historial level by the voice of democracy and freedom it was the voice overpowering on all paths of state the operation of build the democracy which establish in any community it was to based shown the ability of regularity about limited ideas and culture pursuit through to based and action and the effect of that build inside the social environment then the operation of build of democracy it takes the distinction and privacy in the totality of cases interact between the multiple elites that build by it agroup of buildings and institutions then that for every elite inside the socity an prominent and important role in the field of existing them and when we talking of the cuitural elite and their role inside the civil society then that the role couldn’t reach to limit of judgment demand by that elite then its carry elements people of culture and defend of the intellectual cover

India’s Dalits Search for a Democratic Opening in the Digital Divide

2011 ◽  
pp. 20-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Thirumal ◽  
Gary Michael Tartakov
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Social History ◽  
The Internet ◽  
National Discourse ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Media Platform

This chapter seeks to recognize and read the marginal presence on the Internet of India’s most oppressed and stigmatized community, the Dalits, simultaneously as acts of resistance and acts of constituting both self and community. It is an exploratory exercise in writing the social history of technological media in general, and the Internet in particular. The medium of Internet, unlike most associated with script and print that preceded it, offers emerging users access without the censorship of either established authorities or canons of authoritative formal regulation. More significantly, it provides the Dalit community, heretofore excluded from all but the most marginal voice in civil society, with an entrance into the national discourse. And quite as important, it furnishes them with their first meaningful media platform for a nationwide internal discourse, which they have previously been denied.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charissa J. Threat
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Male Nurses ◽  
Army Nurse Corps ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

This conclusion reflects on how the integration campaigns and the history of the Army Nurse Corps (ANC) over a thirty-year period help scholars understand a more inclusive civil rights story and the evolution of nursing into a modern profession in the latter part of the twentieth century. It shows how the U.S. Army, and by extension the ANC, often found themselves at the forefront of the social upheavals and social justice activities taking place in civil society. It also considers how gender and racial tensions persisted as the Vietnam War reached its peak in the late 1960s, noting that the 1966 admittance of male nurses to the regular army did not diminish the scrutiny faced by men who served or wanted to serve as nurses. The chapter argues that the integration campaigns pursued by female and male nurses expose a civil rights movement beyond the question of race.

Public Spaces, Knowledge, and Sociability

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Georg Simmel ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Norbert Elias ◽  
The Social ◽  
German Philosopher ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Sociologist

The concept of sociability was introduced as an analytic term by the German sociologist Georg Simmel. Sociability has figured prominently in recent histories of consumer society and material cultures. It has become increasingly clear to historians and social theorists that the places where consumption took place, or where consumer desires were stimulated, and the social milieux in which consumers were located, are just as important to understand as the actual acts of consumption. The German sociologist Norbert Elias introduced Freudian insights into human psychology into a ‘processual’, or what is sometimes called a ‘figurational’, framework for his historical sociology. His works have had a major impact on the history of sociability and knowledge formation. The history of ‘civil society’ has been a major growth industry in the last few decades, and much of this work has developed under the rubric of explaining and exploring the rise of a ‘public sphere’ in early modern Europe. Unlike Elias, the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas located the origins of modern sociability and civil society outside of the realm of court society.

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