Afterword

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Colm Hogan
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
French National Identity

The afterword takes up two unresolved issues. First, just what might motivate individuals to commit themselves to identifying with a group category? Second, do groups gain absolute benefits through identity categories or only relative benefits, perhaps with increased harm in absolute terms? For example, it seems clear that having French national identity is valuable in opposing Nazis; thus, it has relative value. But there would be no Nazis in the first place if there were no categorial identification. Thus, national identity may reduce well-being across the board. The final section of the afterword examines an empirical analysis that purports to show that identity categories are important for the well-being of individuals and societies. The chapter argues that the data are better explained by the hypothesis that economic and democratic empowerment—not identity categorization—are crucial for the well-being of individuals and societies.

Talk or Walk? Gait Speed over Self-Report in Association with Cognitive Speed in Healthy Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Costello ◽  
Shane J. Sizemore ◽  
Kimberly E. O’Brien ◽  
Lydia K. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Report ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
Age Range

Abstract. This study explores the relative value of both subjectively reported cognitive speed and gait speed in association with objectively derived cognitive speed. It also explores how these factors are affected by psychological and physical well-being. A group of 90 cognitively healthy older adults ( M = 73.38, SD = 8.06 years, range = 60–89 years) were tested in a three-task cognitive battery to determine objective cognitive speed as well as measures of gait speed, well-being, and subjective cognitive speed. Analyses indicated that gait speed was associated with objective cognitive speed to a greater degree than was subjective report, the latter being more closely related to well-being than to objective cognitive speed. These results were largely invariant across the 30-year age range of our older adult sample.

Guilty Pleasure No More

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin L. Nabi ◽  
Debora Pérez Torres ◽  
Abby Prestin
Keyword(s):  
Stress Management ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Individual Difference Variables ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Managing Stress

Abstract. Despite the substantial attention paid to stress management in the extant coping literature, media use has been surprisingly overlooked as a strategy worthy of close examination. Although media scholars have suggested media use may be driven by a need to relax, related research has been sporadic and, until recently, disconnected from the larger conversation about stress management. The present research aimed to determine the relative value of media use within the broader range of coping strategies. Based on surveys of both students and breast cancer patients, media use emerged as one of the most frequently selected strategies for managing stress across a range of personality and individual difference variables. Further, heavier television consumers and those with higher perceived stress were also more likely to use media for coping purposes. Finally, those who choose media for stress management reported it to be an effective tool, although perhaps not as effective as other popular strategies. This research not only documents the centrality of media use in the corpus of stress management techniques, thus highlighting the value of academic inquiry into media-based coping, but it also offers evidence supporting the positive role media use can play in promoting psychological well-being.

Growth and Social Capital: Empirical Analysis of the Relationship

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Ksenia V. Bagmet
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

The article provides an empirical test of the hypothesis of the influence of the level of economic development of the country on the level of development of its social capital based on panel data analysis. In this study, the Indices of Social Development elaborated by the International Institute of Social Studies under World Bank support are used as an indicators of social capital development as they best meet the requirements for complexity (include six integrated indicators of Civic Activism, Clubs and Associations, Intergroup Cohesion, Interpersonal Safety and Trust, Gender Equality, Inclusion of Minorities), comprehensiveness of measurement, sustainability. In order to provide an empirical analysis, we built a panel that includes data for 20 countries divided into four groups according to the level of economic development. The first G7 countries (France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom); the second group is the economically developed countries, EU members and Turkey, the third group is the new EU member states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania); to the fourth group – post-Soviet republics (Armenia, Georgia, Russian Federation, Ukraine). The analysis shows that the parameters of economic development of countries cannot be completely excluded from the determinants of social capital. Indicators show that the slowdown in economic growth leads to greater cohesion among people in communities, social control over the efficiency of distribution and use of funds, and enforcement of property rights. The level of tolerance to racial diversity and the likelihood of negative externalities will depend on the change in the rate of economic growth. Also, increasing the well-being of people will have a positive impact on the level of citizens’ personal safety, reducing the level of crime, increasing trust. Key words: social capital, economic growth, determinant, indice of social development.

Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 32

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Jewish Music ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Jewish Involvement

With its five thematic sections covering genres from cantorial to classical to klezmer, this pioneering multi-disciplinary volume presents rich coverage of the work of musicians of Jewish origin in the Polish lands. It opens with the musical consequences of developments in Jewish religious practice: the spread of hasidism in the eighteenth century meant that popular melodies replaced traditional cantorial music, while the greater acculturation of Jews in the nineteenth century brought with it synagogue choirs. Jewish involvement in popular culture included performances for the wider public, Yiddish songs and the Yiddish theatre, and contributions of many different sorts in the interwar years. Chapters on the classical music scene cover Jewish musical institutions, organizations, and education; individual composers and musicians; and a consideration of music and Jewish national identity. One section is devoted to the Holocaust as reflected in Jewish music, and the final section deals with the afterlife of Jewish musical creativity in Poland, particularly the resurgence of interest in klezmer music. The chapters do not attempt to define what may well be undefinable—what “Jewish music” is. Rather, they provide an original and much-needed exploration of the activities and creativity of “musicians of the Jewish faith.“

The “Latin” Melting Pot

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-118
Author(s):  
Yuval Tal
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
Immigrant Assimilation ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
The North ◽  
The Creation ◽  
French National Identity ◽  
Nationality Law ◽  
Communal Organization ◽  
Ethnic Origins

Abstract This article explores how, through discussions about immigrant assimilation in fin de siècle Algeria, French republicans contemplated and wrote into law the ethnic traits of French national identity. Republicans assumed that the North Mediterranean immigrants who settled in Algeria shared ethnic origins with French settlers and consequently asserted that France should work to “fuse” the two groups. Assertions about immigrants' ethnicity took different forms. In the colony they appeared either at the margins of colonial administrators' attacks against immigrant communal organization or in literary representations of French-Mediterranean fusion. In the metropole republican legislators portrayed immigrants as innately prone to becoming French and thus supported the 1889 nationality law that naturalized them. The passing of the 1889 law prompted the creation of an explicitly ethnorepublican assimilatory model. The model's proponents combined sociological and eugenicist principles to both socialize immigrants into the nation and promote the transfer of their Mediterranean “vigor” into French bodies. Cet article examine les efforts des intellectuels et des dirigeants républicains pour assimiler les immigrés européens en Algérie à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle. Il affirme que les identités communautaires et la prépondérance démographique des immigrés ont poussé l'élite républicaine à envisager leur capacité ethnique à s'assimiler à la société française, et montre que l'idée que les Français et les immigrés avaient la même origine ethnique a façonné les débats sur l'assimilation nationale et a influencé la formation des lois républicaines fondamentales. En Algérie, des affirmations à propos de l'identité ethnique des immigrés européens apparaissaient en marge des discussions politiques sur leur organisation communautaire et dans les romans des écrivains algérianistes. En métropole, des législateurs républicains supposaient que la « ressemblance ethnique » entre Français et immigrés assurait l'assimilation rapide de ces derniers et ils ont soutenu la loi de 1889 sur la nationalité qui les a naturalisés. A l'issue de la législation de 1889, une vision de fusionnement des colons français et des membres de la « race méditerranéenne » en Algérie s'est développée. Ses partisans ont combiné des principes sociologiques avec des principes eugéniques dans le but d'incorporer les immigrés européens dans la nation et de faire transporter leur « vigueur » dans les corps des Français.

scholarly journals El bienestar comunal como alternativa al fracaso del concepto neoclásico de bienestar / Community Well-Being as an Alternative to the Failure of the Neoclassical Concept of Well-Being

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Maceri
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Individual Welfare ◽  
Epistemological Basis

ABSTRACTThe paper proposes the change from the utilitarian-individualist neoclassical paradigm, which leaves out certain communities, to the paradigm of “community welfare”, which includes all types of society. Current researches on the socioeconomy have highlighted need to review the concept of the “utilitarian-individual” welfare. With the epistemological basis of a conciliatory synthesis, Amartya Sen provides the indispensable foundation for the success of the “community welfare” paradigm. In this well-being are essential the informational pluralism, the development of capabilities and preferences not as purely personal but as viable only if they include the other's desire. Furthermore, who the other is, is a matter, which is called “the problem of extensionality of the others”. According to Sen, this implies taking a position on social and national identity. The thesis in favor of multiple and acquired identities are the foundation of the community welfare, which is positioned as the ultimate goal of the economy and the politics. The change from the Neoclassical Paradigm to the ethical economy results not only feasible but also fruitful because of the conception of the “anti-individualistic” social realities.RESUMENLas investigaciones actuales en la socio-economía han puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de rever el concepto de bienestar “utilitarista-individual”. Con base epistemológico-económica, Amartya Sen (1974, 1993, 1995, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2011) brinda los argumentos indispensables para lograr el éxito del paradigma del “bienestar comunal”. En este bienestar resultan esenciales la racionalidad imperfecta de todo ser humano, su estado de ser no siempre egoísta y las necesidades básicas no satisfechas a la hora de tomar decisiones. Esto implica las preferencias no ya como exclusivamente personales, es decir, individualistas al modo de los neoclásicos, sino como viables únicamente si se contempla el deseo del otro. Ahora bien, quién es el otro es una cuestión que se denomina “el problema de la extensionalidad de los otros”. Según Sen (2001), implica una toma de posición respecto de la identidad social y nacional. Las tesis a favor de las identidades adquiridas y múltiples constituye el fundamento del bienestar comunal, el cual se posiciona como el fin último de la economía y de la política. El cambio del paradigma neoclásico por el de la economía ética resultará, pues, fructífero para la concepción “anti-individualista” de las realidades sociales.

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