Multiple Identities and Self-Esteem

Self-esteem is a common concern in our everyday life. People associate high self-esteem with positive self-feelings, behaviors, and outcomes, and low self-esteem with negative self-feelings, behaviors, and outcomes. We explore how individuals feel about themselves in global terms given the multiple role identities (religious, parent, and spouse/partner) they may claim. We anticipate that role identities that are more important to individuals will be linked to positive feelings about themselves in those identities. In turn, these positive feelings should be associated with positive feelings about themselves overall. The role identities are examined as they relate to self-esteem. The findings reveal that both role-specific self-efficacy and self-worth are positively related to global self-esteem. Additionally, more important role identities are positively associated with role-specific self-esteem, and higher self-esteem in these identities is tied to global self-esteem. The findings contribute to an understanding of how specific role identity self-feelings relate to global self-feelings.

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Relationship of Role Identification, Self-Esteem, and Intelligence to Sex Differences in Field Independence

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1978.47.3.835 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 835-842 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sherry Hulfish

Keyword(s):

Sex Role ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Role Identity ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Field Independence ◽

Perceptual Field ◽

Role Identities ◽

Biological Sex ◽

Field Independent ◽

Perceptual Style

The relationships among perceptual field independence, biological sex, sex-role identity, self-esteem, and intelligence were explored. Tests measuring these variables were administered to 50 male and 50 female volunteers. The results, obtained by standard multiple regression and analysis of covariance procedures, indicate that (a) males are significantly more field-independent than females, (b) regardless of biological sex, subjects with relatively masculine role-identities are more field-independent than subjects with relatively feminine role-identities, (c) self-esteem is not significantly related to perceptual style, and (d) although intelligence has a significant positive relationship to perceptual field independence, intelligence does not account for the sex differential or for the role sex-identification plays in perceptual style.

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Longitudinal Changes in Physical Self-Perceptions and Associations With Physical Activity During Adolescence

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.23.2.237 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 237-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Jo Inchley ◽

Jo Kirby ◽

Candace Currie

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Physical Activity Behavior ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Perceived Competence ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Self Perceptions ◽

Self Worth ◽

Activity Behavior ◽

Baseline Physical Activity

The purpose of this study was to examine adolescents’ physical self-perceptions and their associations with physical activity using a longitudinal perspective. Utilizing data from the Physical Activity in Scottish Schoolchildren (PASS) study, changes in exercise self-efficacy, perceived competence, global self-esteem and physical self-worth were assessed among a sample of 641 Scottish adolescents from age 11–15 years. Girls reported lower levels of perceived competence, self-esteem and physical self-worth than boys at each age. Furthermore, girls’ physical self-perceptions decreased markedly over time. Among boys, only perceived competence decreased, while global self-esteem increased. Baseline physical activity was a significant predictor of later activity levels for both genders. Findings demonstrate the importance of physical self-perceptions in relation to physical activity behavior among adolescents. Among older boys, high perceived competence increased the odds of being active by 3.8 times. Among older girls, high exercise self-efficacy increased the odds of being active by 5.2 times. There is a need for early interventions which promote increased physical literacy and confidence, particularly among girls.

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Longitudinal Examination of the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model in Middle-Aged Women

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.32.6.862 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 862-880 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Steriani Elavsky

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Condition ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Self Perceptions ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Body Attractiveness ◽

Self Worth ◽

Longitudinal Examination

This 2-year prospective study examined the exercise and self-esteem model in middle-aged women (N = 143) previously enrolled in a randomized controlled exercise trial. Across the 2-year period, increases in physical activity (PA) and self-efficacy and reductions in body mass index (BMI) were associated with improved subdomain self-perceptions relative to physical condition, and reductions in BMI were associated with improved subdomain self-perceptions relative to physical condition and body attractiveness. The effects of PA, self-efficacy, and BMI on changes in physical self-worth and global self-esteem were mediated by changes in self-perceptions relative to physical condition and body attractiveness. The results of this longitudinal analysis support the hierarchical and multidimensional structure of self-esteem and indicate that middle-aged women can enhance how they perceive their condition and body attractiveness by continued participation in physical activity, increasing their self-efficacy, and maintaining healthy BMI levels.

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Rehabilitation for dementia using enjoyable video-sports games

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610210001912 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 674-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

H. Yamaguchi ◽

Y. Maki ◽

K. Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Critical Role ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Memory Training ◽

Social Reward ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Self Worth ◽

Positive Feelings ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

The Brain

The aging of society inevitably leads to an increase in the numbers of elderly with dementia who reside in nursing homes, and delaying disease progression of residents with dementia has become a big concern. Rehabilitation that focuses directly on training cognitive function (e.g. memory training) reveals what patients are unable to do. Realization of their cognitive deficits can devastate their self-confidence and lead to anxiety, depression and the lowering of self-esteem (Small et al., 1997). We propose rehabilitation that encourages patients' motivation for self-improvement through social interaction based on five principles as follows: (1) the activities should be enjoyable and comfortable for patients, (2) therapists should praise the patients naturally to motivate them, (3) the activities should be associated with empathetic two-way communication to make patients feel valued and safe, (4) therapists should encourage the patients to play “social roles” to restore self-worth, and (5) error-less learning based on brain-activating rehabilitation (BAR; Yamaguchi et al., in press) should be adopted wherever possible. It is suggested that the positive feelings activate those areas of the brain related to reward, which plays a critical role in motivation (Berridge et al., 2003), and it is a typical social reward to be praised and appreciated in public.

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Warrior and peacekeeper role identities: associations with self-esteem, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior

Journal of Military Studies ◽

10.2478/jms-2019-0002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2019) ◽

pp. 3-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tessa op den Buijs ◽

Wendy Broesder ◽

Irina Goldenberg ◽

Delphine Resteigne ◽

Juhan Kivirähk

Keyword(s):

Organizational Commitment ◽

Organizational Citizenship ◽

Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽

Self Esteem ◽

National Sample ◽

Role Identity ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Citizenship Behavior ◽

Future Research ◽

Role Identities

Abstract This article focuses on military role identity by assessing the relations between demographic variables and warrior and peacekeeper role identities and by examining the potential influence of these role identities on self-esteem, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in a cross-national sample. A questionnaire was distributed to military members in four participating countries: Belgium, Estonia, Canada and the Netherlands (n = 831). The findings show that demographic variables (i.e., age, gender, marital status and unit) are related to military role identity, and that military role identity predicts self-esteem, organizational commitment and OCB. In particular, multiple regression analyses demonstrate that peacekeeper role identity predicts self-esteem, organizational commitment and OCB, whereas warrior role identity only predicts organizational commitment and OCB, and further, that peacekeeper role identity is a stronger predictor of the outcome variables measured. The theoretical and practical implications, including providing commanders with information to assess their units’ mindsets, and mechanisms to improve self-esteem, commitment, OCB, are discussed. Finally, the limitations of this study and its potential for future research are described.

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Role identities and self-efficacy: Examining the effect of conventional versus idiosyncratic role identity meanings

Current Psychology ◽

10.1007/s12144-021-02084-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michael J. Carter ◽

Julie Eve Aguilar ◽

Gabriela R. Flores

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Role Identity ◽

Role Identities

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Global Self-Esteem Mediates the Effect of General Self-efficacy on Chinese Undergraduates' General Procrastination

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2015.43.8.1265 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (8) ◽

pp. 1265-1271 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jian-feng Tan ◽

Ze-wei Ma ◽

Xue-ting Li

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Online Survey ◽

Sense Of Self ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Preventive Therapy ◽

Survey Method ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Self Worth ◽

General Self Efficacy

We investigated the mediating role of global self-esteem in the relationship between general self-efficacy and general procrastination among a sample of 304 Chinese undergraduate students. An online survey method was employed for data collection and willing participants completed an online survey consisting of the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Aitken Procrastination Inventory. The results showed that procrastination was negatively related to self-efficacy and self-esteem, and that self-efficacy was positively correlated with self-esteem. Mediation analysis revealed that self-esteem completely mediated the effect of self-efficacy on procrastination. Thus, we suggest that general self-efficacy decreases general procrastination because high self-efficacy fosters high self-esteem. As a result, it is necessary for preventive therapy in the context of procrastination to be focused on the enhancement of self-efficacy in order to cultivate a sense of self-worth in Chinese undergraduate student procrastinators.

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Social Class, Occupational Conditions, and Self-Esteem

Sociological Perspectives ◽

10.2307/1389122 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 353-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Viktor Gecas ◽

Monica A. Seff

Keyword(s):

Social Class ◽

Direct Effect ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Path Model ◽

Occupational Prestige ◽

Job Complexity ◽

Self Evaluation ◽

Self Worth

This study is an attempt at further specification of the relationship between social class and self-esteem. We argue that the effects of social class on self-esteem are largely experienced through occupational conditions which affect the self-evaluation dimensions of self-efficacy and self-worth. We examine these relationships, with the use of path analysis, for a sample of working men. The path model considers the direct and indirect effects of social class (socioeconomic status and education) on occupational conditions (work complexity; control over work; degree of supervision and routinization), on dimensions of self-evaluation (self-efficacy and self-worth), and on general self-esteem. We found the direct effect of our social class indicators on general self-esteem to be small and insignificant. But occupational prestige was significantly related to occupational conditions, which in turn were significantly related to self-worth and self-efficacy. Education had a direct effect on self-efficacy and self-esteem and an indirect effect on self-esteem via self-efficacy and job complexity. Of the two dimensions of self-evaluation, self-efficacy had a substantially stronger effect than self-worth on general self-esteem. These findings support our expectation that the effects of social class on self-esteem are largely mediated by occupational conditions which affect primarily the efficacy dimension of self-evaluation.

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The Relationship of Aging to Self-Esteem: The Relative Effects of Maturation and Role Accumulation

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.2190/bhxn-xqm2-rmab-hd4p ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 249-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Bernadette E. Dietz

Keyword(s):

Indirect Effects ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

The United States ◽

Self Esteem ◽

National Sample ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Self Worth ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

This research examines the relationship of age and two dimensions of self-esteem using a national sample of adults in the United States. The direct effects of age on self-worth and on self-efficacy are compared to the indirect effects of age on these through role accumulation. Findings indicate those over age sixty-five experience heightened levels of self-esteem, especially on self-efficacy, compared to their younger counterparts. However, through the intervening variable of role accumulation, older age is associated with decreases in self-esteem. The implications of these findings are discussed for maturational and role perspectives on the aging self, and a more general theory of self-esteem dimensions.

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