Reinventing the Neighborhood

Neighborhood ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Emily Talen
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Physical Understanding ◽  
Definition Of

As the historical experience of neighborhood waned, and as it became clear that reinstating the neighborhood via preset plans was going to be a significant challenge, interest in expanding the definition of neighborhood grew. These new definitions involved opening the door to concepts that, before the 20th century, would have seemed completely alien. Now detached from any traditional, physical understanding involving centers and boundaries, the idea of neighborhood could be expanded to investigate new modes of inquiry in a whole range of fields: biology, computer science, psychology, and physics. The newly acquired, open-ended approach to neighborhood definition was liberating, extraneous, or disabling, depending on one’s point of view. This chapter summarizes some of these neighborhood definitions to give a sense of the variety that now exists and to show how many of these definitions challenge conventional understanding of the neighborhood as a relevant and meaningful setting for daily life.

The Limit Situation And The Narrative Of War (On The Material Of The Novel “My Lieutenant” By Daniil Granin)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Anatoly S. Kuprin ◽  
Galina I. Danilina
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Continuous Limit ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Term Limit ◽  
Abstract Author ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this study is the analysis of limit situation in the narrative of war. The material of the study is the novel of Daniil Granin “My Lieutenant” and related texts. In the first part of the paper, the authors explore existing approaches to the term “limit situation” and similar concepts into scientific and philosophical traditions; limits of its applicability in literary studies and its relation to the categories of “narrative instances” and “event”. Proposed a literary-theoretical definition of the limit situation, which can be used in the analysis of fiction texts. Existing approaches to the examination of the situation of war are analyzed: philosophical-existential, psychoanalytic, sociological, literary. In the second part of the paper, the authors propose their method for analyzing limit situations in texts about war, which basis on existing approaches and preserves the text-centric principle of studying the structure of the story. Two interrelated areas of research have been identified: the study of war as a continuous limit situation in the intertextual aspect (the discourse of war); the study of limit situations (death, suffering, guilt, accident) in the narrative of war as part of a specific text. In the third part of the scientific work,the analysis of war as a continuous limit situation results in the study of the concept of “limit” (border) in a fiction text. The role of “limit” (border) concept in the texts about the war is studied, the possible types of limits in the discourse of war are examined. Limit situations in the narrative of war are analyzed on the basis of the novel “My Lieutenant” by Daniil Granin. A review of journalistic and scientific works about the novel revealed both the continuity and the differences between the novel and the “lieutenant” prose of the 20th century. An analysis of the limit situations in the novel revealed their key position in the narrative. These situations are independent of the fiction time, of the fluctuation of the point of view’; the function of the abstract author is to build the narrative as a “directive” immersion of the hero and narrator in these situations.

scholarly journals The traditional figures of women in Sardinian cinema

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Ewa Baszak
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Internal Point ◽  
Grazia Deledda ◽  
Definition Of

In this article I focus my attention on the archetype of women in Sardinian cinema. First of all, I explain the definition of the cinematographic movement which dominates Sardinia and I try to find the answer if Sardinian cinema cinema sardo exists. The next part of this paper shows the division of the cinema in Sardinia into two categories: seen from an external perspective by authors originating off the island and its culture, defined as hetero-representation, and seen from an internal point of view, developed by directors born and culturally raised in Sardinia, defined as self-representation.In the second part of the paper, I write about the term il deleddismo, which means the picture of Sardinia seen by the writer Grazia Deledda. Gianni Olla uses this term with reference to the cinema, il deleddismo cinematografico, as a way to enter the Sardinian world from the cinematic point of view. In early Sardinian cinema, stereotypes aimed at educating society and in the case of women by the merits of 20th-century ideology — to show them how they should behave. In recent decades this has not changed completely, but the figure of the modern woman is more often shown as the main character, who possesses far more power than her predecessors.

Orientalism Revisited

2021 ◽  
pp. 214-230
Author(s):  
Elvan Ozkavruk Adanir ◽  
Berna Ileri
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

Orientalism is a Western and Western-centric broad field of research that studies the social structures, cultures, languages, histories, religions, and geographies of countries to the east of Europe. The term took on a secondary, detrimental association in the 20th century which looks down on the East. However, this chapter will not dwell on the definition of Orientalism that is debated the most; instead, it will discuss the positive contribution of Orientalism to Western culture. Even though the West otherizes the East in daily life, when it comes to desire, vanity, luxury, and flamboyance without hesitating a moment it adopts these very elements from the Eastern culture. It could be said that this adaptation brings these societies closer in one way or another. The highly admired fashion of Orientalism in the West starting from the 17th century until the 21st century will be the focus of this study.

scholarly journals An Asymmetric Axe from the Collections of the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Igor V. Balyunov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
Functional Purpose

Purpose. Among its collections, the Tobolsk Museum-reserve keep an axe, which was an accidental find. The purpose of this publication is to introduce the presented sample into scientific circulation, as well as to complete the description of the find, establish its functional purpose, chronology and determine its place of production. Upon admission to the museum, it was identified as a combat weapon and tentatively dated to the 17th century. Results. The axe has a wide blade which extends downwards, covered with a notched ornament. An important feature is its asymmetric cross-section, where one of the sides is flat and the other is convex. Similar axes found in Siberia are often defined as battle axes, however this definition is incorrect. Currently, no Tobolsk axe prototypes are known to have been found on the territory of the Moscow state, however asymmetric axes are known to have been used, in particular, in Eastern Europe, since at least the 15th century. According to some authors, asymmetric axes are specialized tools for carpentry and joinery. This definition is most reliably justified in the publication of Polish researcher M. Glosek. This point of view is convincingly confirmed by the catalogues of Eastern European metalworking plants of the first half of the 20th century. The definition of long-bladed asymmetric axes as a combat weapon is based, as a rule, on random finds with unknown dating. More proof can be found by their absence in the materials of archaeological excavations. Conclusion. It can be assumed that asymmetric axes were imported to Russia between the Modern Period up to ethnographic modernity. One of the most likely producers is the Transcarpathian plant in the village of Kobyletskaya Polyana, which specialized in the manufacture of tools for the forest industry and had a fairly wide market. The widest possible period when Transcarpathian axes could be imported into Russia is no earlier than the end of the 18th century, and not later than the middle of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Między światami. Rzeczywistość w literaturze – literatura w rzeczywistości – rzeczywistość literatury

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-75
Author(s):  
Danuta Ulicka
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Short History ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Cultural Themes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theory Of Literature

The author attempts to reconstruct a short history of modern Polish literary studies not from the perspective of schools or methodological orientations that are usually applied, but from the perspective of what is known in sociology as cultural themes. This point of view offers the opportunity to (re)construct the process of continuity /discontinuity in the whole field of research focused on the problem of reference, which has been recognized as the most important one in Polish studies (as well as in Polish literature, and art) since its beginning in the first decade of the 20th century. In the broader scope the article attempts to rearticulate the definition of the discipline conventionally called “the theory of literature”, and to propose a new way of writing its history.

scholarly journals National and cultural knowledge of plant lexemes in Kazakh and Turkish languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
G.A. Begimova ◽  
◽  
K.K. Kenzhalin ◽  
G.S. Seіdagaliyeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Balance Of Nature ◽  
The World ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Definition Of

When a person learns about the world, hefirst of all aims to reveal itssecrets, riddles,in order to see and accept various objects in the environment, to become an integral part of it and to create daily life. Although the trend started in ancient times, it is still recurring today. Because learning and an interest in the process, is a quality specific to humanity. As a result of this knowledge, the language is enriched, thought is improved,various legends, myths, and stories are born. That is, what is achieved in knowledge - with the help of our language, and the worldview itself unfolds along the same line in the minds of mutually related, similar peoples. From this point of view, the definition of the national-cultural cognitive character in the lexemes related to plants in the Kazakh and Turkic languages is very relevant from the point of view of studying the worldview. Plants have the same meaning in the life of humanity united by four elements that make up the basis of life (water, air, soil, fire). It maintains the balance of nature with the soul, animals and people. Observing the worldview about plants of the Turkic period, we can see that they played the same special role as animals. This idea is evidenced by ancient legends, rites and rituals, myths, stories related to plants. In this article, we tried to study the mythology of the two peoples, to show and analyze the myths and legends of the origin of plants.

scholarly journals Memories of Vasiliy Gloriantov as a historical source when studying the life of provincial officiality of the mid-19th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Andrey Tyurin S. Tyurin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Source

The memoirs of Vasiliy Gloriantov, which saw the light at the early 20th century and devoted to the internal life of Nizhny Novgorod Chamber of State Property, are the only published memoirs written by a former employee of Nizhny Novgorod Chamber of State Property. Memoir literature is a source of an additional character, deepening the description of certain facts and events. The issue of the reliability of the events contained in these recollections has not been previously considered. In the course of studying memoirs and comparing them with published documents and previously unpublished archival materials, a number of persons were identified whose names were hidden by Vasiliy Gloriantov, and certain inaccuracies in the dating of events were revealed. Information on drunkenness and official misconduct by chamber employees, contained in memoirs, is confirmed in preserved archival materials. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the memories of Vasiliy Gloriantov have significant value as a historical source, illuminating the daily life of Nizhny Novgorod Chamber of State Property from the point of view of one of its direct participants.

scholarly journals REMINISCENCES GENRE IN THE SPEECH OF THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE AUSTRALIAN BRANCH OF THE RUSSIAN EASTERN EMIGRATION (AS EXEMPLIFIED IN THE STORIES ABOUT HARBIN)

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Анастасия Сергеевна Лаврина
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Linguistic Description ◽  
Speech Genre

Введение. Представлены рассказы о Харбине русских реэмигрантов из Китая в Австралию в речевом жанре воспоминание. Необходимость анализа данных текстов обусловлена интересом современной лингвистики к говорящей личности и воплощаемым ею текстам, которые отражают уникальность личного и исторического опыта, в данном случае – опыта представителей русской реэмиграции из Китая в Австралию. Цель – описать жанр воспоминание и особенности его лингвистической реализации в речи русских реэмигрантов из Китая в Австралию в ХХ в. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили записи интервью с русскими реэмигрантами из Китая в Австралию (10 интервью). В качестве основного метода был выбран метод лингвистического описания жанра воспоминание в речи с точки зрения его тематического и языкового своеобразия. Результаты и обсуждение. Показано тематическое своеобразие рассказов о Харбине, обусловленное особенностями жизни русских эмигрантов в восточном зарубежье. В соответствии с этим выделены микротемы: русский облик Харбина, переселение в Харбин, русские и китайцы, японская оккупация в Харбине. Установлены жанровые особенности и языковая специфика. При анализе специфики рассказов о Харбине русских реэмигрантов из Китая в Австралию обнаружены типичные и специфичные признаки. Среди типичных отмечены следующие особенности: употребление глаголов прошедшего времени, использование в речи разговорной и нейтральной лексики и метатекстовых лексических единиц. Установлены специфичные языковые особенности рассказов о Харбине, воплощенные в жанре воспоминание, к которым относятся использование синтаксических средств и конструкций, свойственных письменной речи, употребление книжной, высокой, устаревшей лексики, а также собственно харбинской лексики и заимствований из китайского языка. Заключение. Анализ рассказов о Харбине русских реэмигрантов из Китая в Австралию, воплощенных в речевом жанре воспоминание, позволил выявить их тематическое своеобразие, обусловленное особенностями жизни русских эмигрантов в восточном зарубежье, жанровую и языковую специфику. Introduction. The paper presents the stories about Harbin told by Russian re-emigrants from China to Australia in the speech genre “Reminiscences”. The need to analyse these texts arises from the interest of modern linguistics in the speaking personality and the texts this personality produces. The texts reflect the unique personal and historical experience. In this case study they reflect the experiences of Russian re-emigrants from China to Australia. The purpose of the article is to describe the reminiscence genre and its linguistic implementation in the speech of Russian re-emigrants, who came from China to Australia in the 20th century. Material and methods. The research is based on the study of the recorded interviews with Russian re-emigrants from China to Australia (10 interviews). The method of linguistic description of the «Reminiscences» genre was used as the main method to analyse their speech from the point of view of its thematic and linguistic distinctiveness. Results and discussion. The paper presents the thematic originality of stories about Harbin, determined by the particular lifestyle of Russian eastern emigration. A number of micro-themes have been identified in the framework of the study: The Russian appearance of Harbin, resettlement to Harbin, Russians and Chinese, Japanese occupation of Harbin. Genre features and linguistic specificities have been determined. The analysis of the Russian re-emigrants’ stories about Harbin made it possible to identify some typical and specific features. Among the typical features are: the use of past-tense verbs, the use of spoken and neutral vocabulary and metatext lexical units. The specific features of the stories about Harbin, embodied in the «Reminiscences» genre, have been determined. They include the use of syntactic means and structures characteristic of written speech, the use of bookish, high-flown and obsolete vocabulary, as well as Harbin vocabulary and borrowings from the Chinese language. Conclusion. Recorded reminiscence-stories of Russian re-emigrants about Harbin, demonstrate thematic originality, determined by the particular lifestyle of Russian eastern emigration, genre features and linguistic specifics.

scholarly journals Classical realizability and arithmetical formulæ

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1068-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAURICIO GUILLERMO ◽  
ÉTIENNE MIQUEY
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Theoretical Computer Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Computer ◽  
Mathematical Structures ◽  
Theoretic Point ◽  
Winning Strategies ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Definition Of

In this paper, we treat the specification problem in Krivine classical realizability (Krivine 2009Panoramas et synthèses27), in the case of arithmetical formulæ. In the continuity of previous works from Miquel and the first author (Guillermo 2008Jeux de réalisabilité en arithmétique classique, Ph.D. thesis, Université Paris 7; Guillermo and Miquel 2014Mathematical Structures in Computer Science, Epub ahead of print), we characterize the universal realizers of a formula as being the winning strategies for a game (defined according to the formula). In the first sections, we recall the definition of classical realizability, as well as a few technical results. In Section 5, we introduce in more details the specification problem and the intuition of the game-theoretic point of view we adopt later. We first present a game1, that we prove to be adequate and complete if the language contains no instructions ‘quote’ (Krivine 2003Theoretical Computer Science308259–276), using interaction constants to do substitution over execution threads. We then show that as soon as the language contain ‘Quote,’ the game is no more complete, and present a second game2that is both adequate and complete in the general case. In the last Section, we draw attention to a model-theoretic point of view and use our specification result to show that arithmetical formulæ are absolute for realizability models.

Translation technologies

Target ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo Alcina
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Computer Tools ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Translation technologies constitute an important new field of interdisciplinary study lying midway between computer science and translation, and its professional development will largely depend on the attention it is given from the academic point of view. In this paper different approaches to the subject are examined so as to provide us with a basis for an internal analysis of the field of translation technologies and to structure its content. Following criteria based on professional practice and on the idiosyncrasies of the computer tools and resources that play a part in translation activity, we present our definition of translation technologies and of the field, classified in five blocs.

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