The Challenge of Armed Islamism

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-100
Author(s):  
Laurent Bonnefoy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Forms Of Violence

The issue of armed Islamism, embodied in Yemen by al-Qaida, since the late 1990s, has structured much of the interactions between this country and the world. The threat of so-called jihadi movements has to a large extent concealed other forms of violence. It’s ill-management by both the Yemeni state and foreign, in particular American, decision makers has only led to the legitimization of armed groups and to a development of violence. In particular, drone attacks have had a largely counter-productive effect.

scholarly journals Development of a Shipment Policy for Collection Centers

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1385
Author(s):  
Irais Mora-Ochomogo ◽  
Marco Serrato ◽  
Jaime Mora-Vargas ◽  
Raha Akhavan-Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Markov Decision Process ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Unsatisfied Demand

Natural disasters represent a latent threat for every country in the world. Due to climate change and other factors, statistics show that they continue to be on the rise. This situation presents a challenge for the communities and the humanitarian organizations to be better prepared and react faster to natural disasters. In some countries, in-kind donations represent a high percentage of the supply for the operations, which presents additional challenges. This research proposes a Markov Decision Process (MDP) model to resemble operations in collection centers, where in-kind donations are received, sorted, packed, and sent to the affected areas. The decision addressed is when to send a shipment considering the uncertainty of the donations’ supply and the demand, as well as the logistics costs and the penalty of unsatisfied demand. As a result of the MDP a Monotone Optimal Non-Decreasing Policy (MONDP) is proposed, which provides valuable insights for decision-makers within this field. Moreover, the necessary conditions to prove the existence of such MONDP are presented.

From the Colonial to Feminist IR: Feminist IR Studies, the Wider FSS/GPE Research Agenda, and the Questions of Value, Valuation, Security, and Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Agathangelou
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Global Political Economy ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Forms Of Violence

International relations (IR) feminists have significantly impacted the way we analyze the world and power. However, as Cynthia Enloe points out, “there are now signs—worrisome signs—that feminist analysts of international politics might be forgetting what they have shared” and are “making bricks to construct new intellectual barriers. That is not progress” (2015, 436). I agree. The project/process that has led to the separation/specialization of feminist security studies (FSS) and feminist global political economy (FGPE) does not constitute progress but instead ends up embodying forms of violence that erase the materialist bases of our intellectual labor's divisions (Agathangelou 1997), the historical and social constitution of our formations as intellectuals and subjects. This amnesiac approach evades our personal lives and colludes with those forces that allow for the violence that comes with abstraction. These “worrisome signs” should be explained if we are to move FSS and FGPE beyond a “merger” (Allison 2015) that speaks only to some issues and some humans in the global theater.

scholarly journals A statistical study of COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-244
Author(s):  
Taha Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

Abstract The spread of the COVID-19 started in Wuhan on December 31, 2019, and a powerful outbreak of the disease occurred there. According to the latest data, more than 165 million cases of COVID-19 infection have been detected in the world (last update May 19, 2021). In this paper, we propose a statistical study of COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt. This study will help us to understand and study the evolution of this pandemic. Moreover, documenting of accurate data and taken policies in Egypt can help other countries to deal with this epidemic, and it will also be useful in the event that other similar viruses emerge in the future. We will apply a widely used model in order to predict the number of COVID-19 cases in the coming period, which is the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. This model depicts the present behaviour of variables through linear relationship with their past values. The expected results will enable us to provide appropriate advice to decision-makers in Egypt on how to deal with this epidemic.

scholarly journals The Organization of Political Violence by Insurgencies

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roos Haer
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Ordered Probit ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Ordered Probit Model ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Armed Group ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA range of theories have attempted to explain the variation in civilian abuse of warring parties. Most of these theories have been focused on the strategic environment in which these acts take place. Less attention is devoted to the perpetrators of these human right abuses themselves: the armed groups. This study tries to fill this niche by using the organizational process theory in which it is assumed that armed groups, like every organization, struggles for survival. The leader tries to ensure the maintenance of her armed group by increasing her control over her troops. The relationship between the level of control and the perpetrated civilian abuse is examined with a new dataset on the internal structure of more than 70 different armed groups around the world. With the help of a Bayesian Ordered Probit model, this new dataset on civilian abuse is analyzed. The results show that especially particular incentives play an important role.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology an Option in Mexican Agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Jaime Cuauhtémoc Negrete ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Artificial Vision ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Dependency ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Modern Technologies

In Mexico, agriculture is increasingly less profitable, due to this situation its contribution to the country’s economy decreases day by day, which has encouraged the import of food, thus causing poverty and migration, food dependency and other undesirable situations for the healthy development of society in general, not only the rural population but also the urban population is affected, so all the technologies that can change this scenario are sought and explored, one of them being Nanotechnology, despite the benefits of nanotechnology, as is always the case, it is not applied in agriculture as most of the most widely used technologies in the world today, such as mechatronics, and other modern technologies such as neural networks, Artificial vision, and internet of things , this is also happening with nanotechnology, De la Revision made only some Authors have done the rest of the research only publishing revisions of research done abroad, so it is proposed that decision makers support researchers who really do work on this discipline that is so promising at present for the good of our agriculture , this being the objective of this work will review what has been done in this field in this regard in the nation

scholarly journals Consumer Attitude Towards Shellfish In The Greek Market: A Pilot Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH. BATZIOS ◽  
P. ANGELIDIS ◽  
D.K. MOUTOPOULOS ◽  
CH. ANASTASIADOU ◽  
V. CHRISOPOLITOU
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Improve Product Quality ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The World ◽  
End Products ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour

During the last decade, the Greek shellfish industry has experienced significant changes affecting both the market demand and the availability of the end products. Although, shellfish and seafood in general have been promoted as healthy food by marketing boards and private seafood companies in many countries all over the world, no attention has been paid so far to analysing the Greek consumer’s purchasing behaviour and attitudes towards the shellfish market. This paper presents the results of the first survey in this field of research, which was carried out in northern Greece (area of Katerini and Greater Thessaloniki) from January to March 2002. A randomly selected sample of 400 consumers filled in a questionnaire, which covered basic marketing aspects of shellfish consumption such as choice, purchase, reasons for consuming shellfish, confidence in shellfish hygiene certification, media influence, etc. Data analysis includes descriptive statistics, as well as chi-square (― 2 ) tests (crosstabulation) to examine possible relations between consumers’ demographic and socio-economic characteristics and shellfish marketing aspects. Analyses of the results have shown that the majority of Greek consumers prefer the exploitable to cultured shellfish and in general do not eat shellfish often. They prefer the traditional fish shops for purchasing shellfish and consume them mainly in summer. The strongest reason to buy shellfish is their taste, while freshness is considered as the most important criterion when deciding to buy shellfish. Moreover, the vast majority of the consumers prefer a certification of quality, trust the confirmation provided by the veterinary authorities, but do not prefer ready-to-eat shellfish. Results revealed that consumers’ behaviour and attitudes vary considerably according to their demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The results of this study could prove to be helpful for decision makers towards a more rational planning of production and improvement of distributing roots, which in turn would improve product quality and promote shellfish consumption.

Fiji

2015 ◽  
pp. 1246-1270
Author(s):  
Hansdeep Singh ◽  
Jaspreet Singh ◽  
Marjory D. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
The World ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Fiji is a very interesting case for studying the bridges between private and public spheres and social and cultural background. Despite its idyllic setting and concentration of resources, Fiji has one of the highest rates of violence against women, outside of conflict zones, in the world. The state, legal system, and society have simply failed to protect the women against different forms of violence and discrimination. The lack of parliamentary democratic process certainly has contributed to the deplorable situation. After analyzing the roots of the problem, the authors introduce comprehensive policy recommendations to help rectify the situation. The problems in Fiji are rather extreme, and there is a lot to learn for everyone about the weakness of state and institutions to perform some of their most fundamental functions.

Thinking Systemically About Security and Resilience in an Era of Cybered Conflict

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Peter Dombrowski ◽  
Chris C. Demchak
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Peace And War ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Civil Societies

The international system now depends on cyberspace, a global ‘substrate' of massive, complex, insecurely designed networks providing systemic advantages to masses of predators and adversaries. States today face an unprecedented spectrum of ‘cybered conflict' between peace and war with growing existential implications. Their piecemeal searches for defensible jurisdictions are creating a rising Cyber Westphalian world crisscrossed with gateways, holes, national cyber forces, and often partial, uncoordinated, or vague strategies. Over time, the world will have robust, midlevel, and poor cyber powers, with the first tier coercing the others and dominating the rules of exchange. Democratic civil societies are not guaranteed to be robust. For acceptable future societal well-being in a deceptive and opaque cybered world, decision-makers need a systemic approach based on the logic of complex socio-technical-economic systems (STES) to create the systemic resilience and disruption capacities across shareable (across allies/sectors) secure architectures essential to becoming a robust cyber power, which is the focus of this chapter.

Knowledge Societies Landscape and Framework for Distinct Context Settings

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-62
Author(s):  
Nuno Vasco Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Context Specific

The chapter attempts to do a comprehensive literature review on knowledge societies describing its main concepts, dimensions, aspects, and actors/players. In addition to the literature review, it proposes a framework to build knowledge societies. The framework presents seven dimensions, which have been extracted from the literature where each dimension is characterized by several aspects collected from the literature. The framework can be used by decision makers around the world as a useful tool for building robust knowledge societies in different context-specific environments.

“World of Uncertainty” Game for Decision-Makers

2012 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Jyldyz Tabyldy Kyzy
Keyword(s):  
Learning Effect ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Uncertain Information ◽  
Online Game ◽  
Subjective Uncertainty ◽  
The World ◽  
More Care ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Explicit Feedback

Decisions on both personal and public matters benefit significantly if uncertainties and risks are handled with more care and accuracy. It is crucial to refine and express degrees of confidence and subjective probabilities of various outcomes. Experience, intuition, and skills help make the most of uncertain information. This paper proposes a concept and design of a computer game which aims to train and enhance some of these skills. It is an online game, which allows players to indicate their subjective uncertainty on a numerical scale and to receive explicit feedback. The accuracy of the player is conditioned and motivated by the incentives based on proper scoring rules. The game aims to train accuracy and better calibration in estimating probabilities and expressing degrees of confidence. The “World of Uncertainty” (n.d.) project researched the learning effect of the game and its impact on players’ attitudes towards uncertainty. The concept of this game can be adopted as part of an advanced and complex game in the future.

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