Snakes in a tunnel? Parties, mandates, and agendas

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Emiliano Grossman ◽  
Isabelle Guinaudeau
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Issue Emphasis

This chapter presents a general theoretical framework to analyse party competition and its effects on policymaking. There are two perspectives: that parties still matter for policymaking despite signs of decline and that parties are driven by instrumental considerations and will do what it takes to get elected. This chapter adopts an intermediary perspective, arguing that campaign priorities not only reflect partisan preferences, but also respond to rival parties’ campaigns. This leads to an important common ground across different parties regarding their issue emphasis, i.e. the ‘tunnel’ of attention. Moving away from the heart of the tunnel is possible, but potentially costly. Post election, the victorious party will deliver on its programme priorities not least because of the pressure of junior coalition partners and the opposition. The tunnel of attention thus constrains party competition, but triggers mandate implementation.

scholarly journals An Exit Strategy for the Definitional Elusiveness: A Three-Dimensional Framework for Social Entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Bing Ran ◽  
Scott Weller
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exit Strategy ◽  
Conceptual Paper

Despite the growing utility and prevalence of social entrepreneurship, an accepted definition remains elusive and infeasible. Yet, it is imperative that the principles guiding social entrepreneurship are identified so that common ground is established to facilitate future research. On the basis of a systematic literature review, this conceptual paper proposes a theoretical framework outlining social entrepreneurship as a three-dimensional framework as a function of continua of “social” and “business” logics, “beneficial” and “detrimental” social change logics, and “innovation” and “mundane” logics. The framework accommodates the fuzziness and ambiguity associated with social entrepreneurship whilst remaining a workable, identifiable construct. By accounting for the shifting logics practiced by social entrepreneurship that both influence and are influenced by the organizational environment, this framework provides an exit strategy for the definitional elusiveness of social entrepreneurship. The resultant structures and functions of social entrepreneurship are shaped by these constraints as reflected by the fluidity and flexibility endorsed by the framework. Four avenues for future research regarding social entrepreneurship are recommended on the basis of the framework proposed in this article.

scholarly journals Conceptual Framework on Workplace Deviance Behaviour: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanimozhi Narayanan ◽  
Susan E. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Workplace Deviance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Setting ◽  
Cross National

This article aims to highlight the importance of organizational climate with both destructive and constructive deviance behaviour in different cultural setting with workplace as a common ground. First, we discuss the need for research in workplace deviance especially destructive and constructive deviance behaviour with the review of previous studies from deviance literature. Next, we present the importance of climate and culture with both destructive and constructive deviance by proposing relationship among them with the help of a framework. The presented theoretical framework can be useful for conducting future empirical research. Finally, we present the conclusion and future research in conducting cross-national research with respect to deviance.

scholarly journals Party system and structure of party competition in the Republic of Srpska

2017 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Stefan Vukojevic
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Party System ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Republic

In this paper the author analyzes the party system and structure of party competition in the Republic of Srpska, from the first postwar general elections for the National Assembly held in 1996, until the latest elections held in 2014. Based on Giovanni Sartori?s typology of party systems, the author classifies the party system in the Republic of Srpska and analyzes the structure of party competition by using Peter Mair?s theoretical framework. Determination of party system in the Republic of Srpska based on its numerical/ideological typology does not tell us much about the very essence of the party system. By means of Peter Meir?s three criteria, the author analyzes the structure of party competition which fosters a wider perspective of understanding the party system and defines its essence more precisely. Regardless of the various changes to which political parties are exposed, the very essence of the party system is manifested through tendency to gravitate towards stable patterns of party competition.

scholarly journals Issue yield and party strategy in multi-party competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo De Sio ◽  
Andrea De Angelis ◽  
Vincenzo Emanuele
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
Time Sequence ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Systematic Testing ◽  
Strategic Resources ◽  
Party Strategy ◽  
Pilot Implementation ◽  
Issue Emphasis

The issue yield model introduced a theory of the herestethic use of policy issues as strategic resources in multidimensional party competition. We extend the model by systematically addressing the specificities of issue yield dynamics in multiparty systems, with special regard to parties’ issue yield rankings (relative position) and issue yield heterogeneity (differentiation) on each issue. Second, we introduce a novel research design for original data collection that allows for a more systematic testing of the model, by featuring (a) a large number of policy issues, (b) the use of Twitter content for coding parties’ issue emphasis, and (c) an appropriate time sequence for measuring issue yield configurations and issue emphasis. We finally present findings from a pilot implementation of such design, performed on the occasion of the 2014 European Parliament election in Italy. Findings confirm the soundness of the design and provide support for the newly introduced hypotheses about multiparty competition.

Maintaining subjectivity under coercion: Former patients’ experiences of being transformed into an object in psychiatric care

2021 ◽  
pp. 095935432110342
Author(s):  
Emilie Sørås ◽  
Øyvind Ibrahim Marøy Snipstad
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Ethical Discussion ◽  
Care Workers

Coercion in psychiatric care may cause long-term negative effects such as trauma, reluctance to seek later treatment, as well as erosion of self-confidence and trust in one’s own feelings and thoughts. Based on data from a previous study and the theoretical framework developed by Hans Skjervheim, this article discusses how experiences with coercion may appear as a result of how the patients are approached and defined when involuntarily admitted. If patients admitted to involuntary psychiatric care are treated as objects they might respond by objectifying the professionals back or succumbing to the descriptions of themselves as sick. The latter may ultimately cause them to question their own sanity. In light of this, this paper argues that there is a need for an ongoing ethical discussion on how to find common ground between patients and health care workers, where both are viewed as subjects with knowledge and opinions worthy of respect.

“WALK WITH ME IN WHITE”

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek D. Steedman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Class Hierarchy ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Industrial Settings

AbstractThis article argues that Americans operate with a concept and practice of political autonomy centered on a notion of “mastery,” which is inextricably linked to race, gender, and class hierarchy. I adopt Max Weber's concept of mastery and use it to broaden the construct of a Herrenvolk democracy beyond its traditional association with White supremacy. I then use this theoretical framework to illuminate the emergence of segregation in Atlanta between 1880 and 1910. This period marks a crucial transformation in the concept of race in the United States, as the paternalism of Southern agricultural relations is transposed by Southern Progressives into more urban and industrial settings. I conclude by raising the possibility that the concept of political autonomy currently operative in the United States shares important common ground with the ideological achievements of the Southern Progressives, confounding institutional attempts to foster citizen autonomy.

scholarly journals Cognitive penetration and taste predicates: making an exception to the rule

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
David Bordonaba-Plou
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cognitive Penetration ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
Taste Predicates ◽  
Cultural Rules

The relevance of cognitive penetration has been pointed out concerning three fields within philosophy: philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, and epistemology. This paper argues that this phenomenon is also relevant to the philosophy of language. First, I will defend that there are situations where ethical, social, or cultural rules can affect our taste perceptions. This influence can cause speakers to utter conflicting contents that lead them to disagree and, subsequently, to negotiate the circumstances of application of the taste predicates they have used to describe or express their taste perceptions. Then, to account for the proper dynamics of these cases, I will develop a theoretical framework build upon two elements: the Lewisian idea of the score of a conversation (Lewis, 1979), and Richard’s (2008) taxonomy of the different attitudes speakers can have in taste disagreements. In a nutshell, I will argue that speakers can accommodate these conflicting contents as exceptions to the rule that determines the circumstances of application of taste predicates.Keywords: Cognitive penetration, Common ground, Circumstances of application, Accommodation, Exceptions, Score of the conversation, Taste predicates.

Different emphases, same positions? The election manifestos of political parties in the EU multilevel electoral system compared

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Braun ◽  
Hermann Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Party Manifestos ◽  
Election Manifestos ◽  
Issue Emphasis ◽  
The Eu

Political parties increasingly operate at multiple political levels. Nevertheless, we do not yet know much about the consequences of these multilevel electoral systems (MLESs) on party behaviour. To fill this gap, we examine party manifestos for European Parliament (EP) elections and compare them with party manifestos for national elections. Using manifesto data and covering 15 European Union (EU) countries between 1979 and 2014, we focus on European issues and ask whether parties’ issue emphasis and the positions they take are the same in both kinds of documents and respectively at both levels of the MLES. We show that although parties put more emphasis on EU issues in EP than in national elections, they behave sincerely regarding their position towards the EU – these are very similar irrespective of the electoral context. As many elections take place in MLES environments, in Europe, in particular, but far beyond, this noteworthy finding is highly relevant for scholars of party competition in general and even more instructive for the so far fragmented literature exploring the implications of MLESs.

scholarly journals Pub Interaction in Southwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Ganiu Abisoye Bamgbose ◽  
Temitope Michael Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Power Relation ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Affective Involvement

Studies in the area of discourse analysis in Nigeria have explored so many aspects of human life. However, existing studies have glossed over the nature of discussions in pubs. Sourcing data from selected pubs in three southwestern states of Nigeria, this study investigates the nature of interactions in pubs, using register and common ground theoretical framework.  Analysing a total of nine (9) excerpts, the study shows that women/ladies, football and politics are three common topics in the discourse in southwestern pubs. The means of conversing is always spoken and this makes for the spontaneous flow of the discussions. Discussions are usually casual despite the fact that affective involvement is usually high. The affective involvement is usually due to the passion people have for the topics identified. Power relation is usually equal and, in few cases where it is not, common ground’s coordinating devices like convention, precedence and manifest are utilised to sustain cordiality and avoid domination or intimidation. The study concludes that language use in pubs has its peculiarity and uniqueness and therefore deserves linguistic enquiry.

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