Demades’s last years and words

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-282
Author(s):  
Sviatoslav Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Bronze Statue ◽  
Traditional Image

This chapter explicates how later rhetoricians contrived the image of Demades as a participant in the Macedonian domination over Greece to develop the topoi of treason, the role of rhetoric in politics, and a just punishment for one’s betrayal of his city. Rhetorical manifestations of later political agendas explain references to Demades’s oratory “taming” Alexander the Great; his public honors, including a bronze statue; and his “tyranny,” “treason,” fall from grace, public trial, and death. The rhetorical nature of such information clarifies the recycling of the well-known evidence about Demosthenes to construct the figure of Demades as Demosthenes’s opposite par excellence. The rhetorical origins of such evidence resolves the contradiction between the traditional image of Demades as a lover of peace and references to his anti-Macedonian harangue in several late texts, and explains the confusion surrounding Demades’s “just punishment” with death for his “tyranny” or for betraying Athens to Macedonians.

scholarly journals About the Talismans of Iskandar (Alexander) by Alisher Navoi

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Ilyos Ismoilov
Keyword(s):  
Strong Influence ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
The People ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Debates ◽  
Traditional Image

There were many scientific discoveries in the history of mankind. They were widely spread among the people and influenced various branches of science. Most scientific discoveries, although of Russian, technical nature, had a strong influence on the humanities and were widely used. For example, one of the main objects of the image of literature was scientific discoveries, historical miracles. The creators described in their works their views on the role of Science in the life of society, its importance for mankind, through various scientific debates, the description of discoveries. One of such scientific discoveries was the mirror of Alexander the Great (Iskandar), widely described in Eastern literature and became an important traditional image. In the article, the image of Alexander the Great, which played an important role in Eastern literature, the history of its creation, its peculiarities and genesis were studied in comparative aspect. The views on the Alexandria minaret are also analyzed and it is proved that the Alexandria minaret, widely described in Eastern literature, is the lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the world.

Introduction

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGINA HERRMANN ◽  
JOE CRIBB
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Iconography

This introductory chapter discusses the coverage of this book, which is about the history of Central Asia after its conquest by Alexander the Great and before the introduction of Islam. It explores the role of the nomads in the shaping of Central Asia, describes major cities and the arrangement of buildings, and explores the region's experience with a series of invasions. The chapter analyses the role of money as a marker of cultural continuity and change and discusses religious iconography and temples.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Igor Fedyukin
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
Traditional Image

The Introduction defines the notion of “administrative entrepreneurship” and outlines the role the “administrative entrepreneurs” played in building the infrastructure of the early modern state, including schools. Recent historiography has tended to question the traditional image of the “absolutist” state as a powerful unified actor, stressing instead the limits of the rulers’ actual power, the role of social compromises, and the pervasiveness of unofficial clans and patronage networks that structured early modern politics in Europe and elsewhere. Scholars also emphasize the premodern, patrimonial character of bureaucracy in that era. Against this backdrop, the Introduction argues that it might have been the self-seeking projectors who drove the invention and expansion of the state as they strove to invent jobs for themselves and to promote their agendas. The chapter introduces three types of “administrative entrepreneurs”—the “experts,” the “ministers,” and the “functionaries”—and outlines their respective modes of operation.

scholarly journals Meaning and Attentional Guidance in Scenes: A Review of the Meaning Map Approach

Vision ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Henderson ◽  
Taylor R. Hayes ◽  
Candace E. Peacock ◽  
Gwendolyn Rehrig
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Attentional Guidance ◽  
Saliency Maps ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Image Saliency ◽  
Scene Description ◽  
Traditional Image

Perception of a complex visual scene requires that important regions be prioritized and attentionally selected for processing. What is the basis for this selection? Although much research has focused on image salience as an important factor guiding attention, relatively little work has focused on semantic salience. To address this imbalance, we have recently developed a new method for measuring, representing, and evaluating the role of meaning in scenes. In this method, the spatial distribution of semantic features in a scene is represented as a meaning map. Meaning maps are generated from crowd-sourced responses given by naïve subjects who rate the meaningfulness of a large number of scene patches drawn from each scene. Meaning maps are coded in the same format as traditional image saliency maps, and therefore both types of maps can be directly evaluated against each other and against maps of the spatial distribution of attention derived from viewers’ eye fixations. In this review we describe our work focusing on comparing the influences of meaning and image salience on attentional guidance in real-world scenes across a variety of viewing tasks that we have investigated, including memorization, aesthetic judgment, scene description, and saliency search and judgment. Overall, we have found that both meaning and salience predict the spatial distribution of attention in a scene, but that when the correlation between meaning and salience is statistically controlled, only meaning uniquely accounts for variance in attention.

City and Empire in the Age of the Successors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Greek City ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Practical Reality ◽  
City State

In the chaotic decades after the death of Alexander the Great, the world of the Greek city-state became deeply embroiled in the political struggles and unremitting violence of his successors’ contest for supremacy. As these presumptive rulers turned to the practical reality of administering the territories under their control, they increasingly developed new cities by merging smaller settlements into large urban agglomerations. This practice of synoikism gave rise to many of the most important cities of the age, initiated major shifts in patterns of settlement, and consolidated numerous previously independent polities. The result was the transformation of the fragmented world of the small Greek polis into an urbanized network of cities. This book provides a new approach to this encounter between imperial powers and cities in northern Greece and Asia Minor. Drawing on a wide array of archaeological, epigraphic, and textual evidence, it reinterprets the role of urbanization in developing the structure of Hellenistic empire and argues for the agency and centrality of local actors in the formation of these new imperial cities.

Eurydice and the Birth of Macedonian Power

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Donnelly Carney
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Role

Eurydice (c. 410–340s BCE) played a part in the public life of ancient Macedonia, the first royal Macedonian woman known to have done so. She was the wife of Amyntas III, the mother of Philip II (and two other short-lived kings of Macedonia), and grandmother of Alexander the Great. Her career marked a turning point in the role of royal women in Macedonian monarchy, one that coincided with the emergence of Macedonia as a great power in the Hellenic world. This study examines the nature of her public role as well as the factors that contributed its expansion and the expansion of Macedonia. Some ancient sources picture Eurydice as a murderous adulteress willing to attempt the elimination of her husband and her three sons for the sake of her lover, whereas others portray her as a doting and heroic mother whose actions led to the preservation of the throne for her sons. Both traditions describe her as the leader of a faction, as well as an active figure at court and in international affairs. Eurydice also participated in the construction of the public image of the dynasty. Archaeological discoveries since the 1980s enable us to better understand this development.

Egypt in the Graeco–Roman World: from Ptolemaic Kingdom to Roman Province

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan K. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Roman Province ◽  
The Military

This chapter examines the changes in Egypt in the Graeco-Roman world during the Hellenistic and Roman periods following the death of Alexander the Great. It explains that these periods highlight episodes of military aggression, conquest, and annexation during the struggles of the Successors of Alexander and the Roman takeover of the Hellenistic kingdoms. The analysis of the changes in the role of the elites, the exploitation of the material resources, and the character of the military presence reveal that they are all expressions of the ways in which the coming of Roman rule brought change to Egypt and their effect was cumulative and which had begun before Egypt was annexed and made into a Roman province.

The Honor of the Trophy

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-49
Author(s):  
Alice Goff
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Public Display ◽  
Bronze Statue ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Louvre Museum ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Intense Debate

This chapter discusses how and why during the Napoleonic wars, French armies expropriated artwork from across Europe to be displayed at the new Louvre Museum in Paris in the name of Enlightenment universalism. It focuses on the bronze statue known as Adorans that had been discovered in 1503 in Rhodes and brought to Venice, whence it circulated through noble and royal private collections until it was captured by the French and put on public display in the Louvre. Prussian administrators subsequently repatriated the statue to serve their own idealistic vision of art's transcendent spirit. The bronze statue was damaged a number of times along this trajectory, so damaged that even fundamental questions such as whether the boy's arms were extended heavenward in supplication or in some other posture became the subject of intense debate. Ultimately, the chapter argues for the importance of the object's materiality and also for the crucial role of its human captors and interpreters.

Greek and Roman Slaving in Comparative Ancient Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jursa ◽  
Sven Tost
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
The State ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Diachronic Change ◽  
Institutional Sector ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Traditional Image

This chapter surveys the evidence for dependent labour in the Ancient Near East, particularly in the state or institutional sector of the economy, comparing the findings to pertinent institutions and structures known from the Graeco-Roman world. There is a focus on diachronic change within the Ancient Near East, where the role of dependent labour evolved significantly over time. The chapter highlights similarities as well as differences and points to some pathways for causation. The ‘traditional’ image (often associated with views expressed by Moses Finley) of the Ancient Near East as being characterized by a labour regime relying nearly exclusively on compelled dependent (but not slave) labour and thus being fundamentally different from ‘the’ Graeco-Roman world is nuanced considerably.

‘Profits sprout like tropical plants’: a fresh look at what went wrong with the Eurasian spice tradec. 1550–1800

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Halikowski Smith
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
India And China

AbstractThere has been little in the way of fresh thinking on the Eurasian spice trade since the 1980s, partly due to the crisis in economic history, although recent work has both dealt with the agency of non-European actors and started to take Chinese demand into the equation. Starting with problems specific to the Portuguese re-export trade, this article highlights the role of consumers, using research undertaken on the structures of demand to present a theory of cultural demystification. The Portuguese, it is argued, by opening direct trading links to the sources of supply, broke what amounted to a spell that had sustained the trade from the time of Alexander the Great. In concrete terms, the performance of individual spices is disaggregated, and the appearance of rival pepper products brought under scrutiny. While African peppers failed to consolidate the consumer interest they had generated over the fifteenth century, capsicum peppers rapidly spread to southern Europe, where they were domesticated and hence became invisible to international trade. The success of the capsicum pepper was replicated in West Africa, India, and China.

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