Political corruption: individual or institutional?

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-79
Author(s):  
Emanuela Ceva ◽  
Maria Paola Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Political Corruption ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Corrupt Conduct ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Normative Ideals

Contrary to current institutionalist theories of corruption, this chapter maintains that the quality of institutional practices can always be traced back to the officeholders’ conduct as both individual and interrelated role occupants via their institutional roles. This is the “continuity approach” to political corruption in public institutions. Because institutional roles are structurally interrelated, political corruption can be attributed to an institution in virtue of a variety of patterns (summative, morphological, and systemic), describing the shape of the interrelatedness of the officeholders’ conduct. Political corruption thus has its source in the action of officeholders within an institution, no matter how well designed that institution may be. This internal enemy is a serious one because the officeholders’ interrelated corrupt conduct may fail an institution’s raison d’être (the normative ideals that motivate an institution’s establishment and functioning).

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
Emanuela Ceva ◽  
Maria Paola Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Political Corruption ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Institutional Action ◽  
Public Ethics ◽  
Practical Guidance

The chapter summarizes the three main innovations presented in this book. First, contrary to institutionalist theories, this book shows how to understand the main threats political corruption poses to the well-functioning of public institutions, one must look inside of those institutions, at the officeholders’ interrelated conduct. Second, contrary to consequentialist theories, by making political corruption itself—not just its consequences—an object of public ethics, the book brings out the constitutive dimension of the wrongness of political corruption as a kind of interactive injustice for which all officeholders are responsible in their interrelatedness. Third, contrary to legalistic and regulatory approaches to anticorruption, this book argues for the importance of internalizing answerability institutional practices as the components of a public ethics of office accountability capable of giving officeholders practical guidance for their institutional action.

scholarly journals Profile Analysis of the Scientific Articles Published in the Journal of Morphological Sciences between 2000 and 2017: A Bibliometric Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Carlos Rueff-Barroso ◽  
Lorraine Sepulchro ◽  
Fernanda Delpupo ◽  
Patrícia Damm ◽  
Graziela Pomer-Escher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Bibliometric Study ◽  
Official Journal ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Animal Anatomy

Introduction The Journal of Morphological Sciences (JMS), the official journal of the Brazilian Society of Anatomy, is an interesting option for researchers to publish in the field of morphology. It includes articles that cover a wide variety of topics, such as gross and microscopic human and animal anatomy, embryology, cell and molecular biology, clinical cases and reviews. We aimed to perform a bibliometric study to analyze the profile of JMS publications from 2000 to 2017, in order to understand in depth the origins of the researches and the subject of the manuscripts published in this journal. Material and Methods This is a descriptive bibliographical review research, with a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production of the JMS between 2000 and 2017. A total of 894 publications were analyzed, and they were distributed in 63 issues and organized into 18 volumes. Three groups of information were considered: a) “identification of the published articles;” b) “origin and authorship of the published articles;” and c) “research subject in the published articles.” Results Most of the published manuscripts were original articles (72.5%) and their subjects were mainly microscopic animal anatomy (27%) and gross human anatomy (26.6%). A total 63.3% of the manuscripts involved at least one Brazilian institution, and 59.4% of those were public institutions. Conclusion This manuscript provides an important contribution to those who are publishing in the JMS, since the authors can find a great deal of information on the quality of the science that is being published in the journal, as well as demographic information on authors and institutions.

scholarly journals Statutory regulation of financial control of public institutions: Current issues and ways of development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-666
Author(s):  
Sergei V. GOLOVIN
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
State Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
Statutory Regulation

Subject. This article examines the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation that regulates financial control over government institutions. Objectives. The article aims to analyze regulations in the area of organization and implementation of external financial control over public institutions. It also aims to identify pressing regulatory issues for external and internal financial controls, and identify possible directions for its development. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis, grouping, comparison, and generalization. Results. The article describes and compares the types of external financial control of public institutions and internal financial control in public institutions according to the proposed comparison base. It identifies their differences and general methodological approaches to their implementation. The article compares the provisions of the regulations on the basic elements of the system of State financial control, tax control, control in the field of procurement of goods, works, services and State control (supervision), and it reveals similarities and differences of theoretical approaches to their formation. Conclusions. The article draws conclusions about the need to implement measures to improve the regulatory framework of financial control, which involve the creation of an uniform legislative framework, standardization of control activities at all levels of its implementation. These measures will help ensure the validity of the results and improve the quality of financial control in the public sector of the economy.

The Politics of Neoliberal Rituals

2021 ◽  
pp. 306-324
Author(s):  
Anna Leander
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Trade Fair ◽  
Political Performance ◽  
The Core ◽  
Enterprise Technology ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
The Future ◽  
Decentralized Governance

Exploring the similarities between the Future of Enterprise Technology trade fairs and the ITU AI for Food Summit, this chapter focuses on trade fairs as spaces of political performance. It explores how trade fairs do politics and what the implications of this are. The chapter begins by showing that trade fairs play a crucial role in generating and enshrining the legitimacy and authority of decentralized, distributed market orders that are in constant change. The trade fairs are rituals where a “tournament of values” is performed through which the hierarchies of this order are negotiated. This helps manage but also enshrine the uncertainties associated with decentralized governance. Second, as ritual performances more generally, trade fairs engage the sacred and magical and the affective and embodied to anchor order not only broadly but deeply and individually. Finally, the chapter discusses the quality of the ordering performed in trade fairs, suggesting that what is performed in the trade fair is a form of institutionalized liminality. However, and contrary to the hopes Victor Turner placed in institutionalized liminality, here it is far from progressive. It builds inegalitarian instability into our societies. Precisely because of this, tending to trade fairs is of fundamental import. The trade fair form has become pervasive in governance, including when it involves public institutions (as epitomized by the AI for Good Summit). Understanding trade fairs as ritual political performance at the core of neoliberalism is therefore a condition intervening politically and for realizing the urgency of imagining alternative forms of governing.

E-Government and the Digital Divide

2011 ◽  
pp. 1718-1725
Author(s):  
Tan Yigitcanlar ◽  
Scott Baum
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Access Services

Many governments world wide are attempting to increase accountability, transparency, and the quality of services by adopting information and communications technologies (ICTs) to modernize and change the way their administrations work. Meanwhile e-government is becoming a significant decision-making and service tool at local, regional and national government levels. The vast majority of users of these government online services see significant benefits from being able to access services online. The rapid pace of technological development has created increasingly more powerful ICTs that are capable of radically transforming public institutions and private organizations alike. These technologies have proven to be extraordinarily useful instruments in enabling governments to enhance the quality, speed of delivery and reliability of services to citizens and to business (VanderMeer & VanWinden, 2003). However, just because the technology is available does not mean it is accessible to all. The term digital divide has been used since the 1990s to describe patterns of unequal access to ICTs—primarily computers and the Internet—based on income, ethnicity, geography, age, and other factors. Over time it has evolved to more broadly define disparities in technology usage, resulting from a lack of access, skills, or interest in using technology. This article provides an overview of recent literature on e-government and the digital divide, and includes a discussion on the potential of e-government in addressing the digital divide.

scholarly journals Prioriority actions maps of municipal public services with geospace application

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e44426
Author(s):  
Bruno Fernandes Scaramelli ◽  
Edivando Vitor Couto ◽  
Paulo Agenor Alves Bueno ◽  
Débora Cristina de Souza ◽  
Luciane Maria Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Outlier Analysis ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Network ◽  
Absence Rate

Public services management is a fundamental role to public institutions, providing society with proper resources for a better quality of life. Local characteristics should be considered during public policies planning; however, generalizations are adopted to elaborate studies, overlooking these characteristics. Our objective was to apply a geostatistical analysis into the public services of Campo Mourão, Paraná State. The number of residents per census tracts lacking in water supply, sewage collection, waste collection, street lighting, electricity, and paving was found based on 2010 Census data. The spatial distribution of these data with the software ArcGIS 9.3 enabled the examination of these characteristics via the Cluster and Outlier method, through the Anselin Local Moran's I spatial analysis module, that identified hotspots and coldspots. As a result, it was found that Campo Mourão is satisfactorily supplied with electricity distribution services and waste collection with only 0.5% of absence in the census tracts. The sewage collection by the general network was the most absent service with 37% absence rate. Parque Industrial I and Jardim Isabel neighborhoods stood out as the most devoid of public services. The Cluster and Outlier Analysis is a subsidy tool for policy-making, which can increase efficiency when providing these services.

Ambulance Dispatching System with Integrated Information and Communication Technologies on Cloud Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Wei Li ◽  
Chia-Chi Chang ◽  
Yi-Chun Chang ◽  
Yung-Fa Huang
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Cloud Platform ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Accident Victim ◽  
In Virtue Of

The quality of emergency medical services (EMS) prior to a patient's arrival at a hospital is directly affected by the efficiency to dispatch an ambulance for first aid. In this paper, we created an ambulance dispatching system for first aid, which is integrated with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and performed on a cloud platform. In virtue of ICT, the system can readily monitor the movements of ambulance with Geographic Information System (GIS) and determine any ambulance dispatching task and saves more time spent in transporting an accident victim to a hospital. Furthermore, the system running on a cloud platform is characteristic of integrated medical resources and terminal equipment with or without powerful hardware that is flexibly added into or removed from the system for supporting dispatch.

scholarly journals Impact of organisational practices on the relationships between young people with disabilities and paid social support workers

2020 ◽  
pp. 146801732095435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R Fisher ◽  
Sally Robinson ◽  
Kate Neale ◽  
Anne Graham ◽  
Kelley Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Support Worker ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Social Mapping ◽  
Supervision And Training ◽  
Interpersonal Recognition ◽  
And Training

Summary This article uses Ikäheimo’s concept of institutionally mediated recognition to explore how organisational norms and rules facilitate and constrain interpersonal recognition between a young person with disabilities and their paid support worker. The experience of recognition is important because it reflects the quality of this relationship and shapes the identity of both people in the paid support relationship. To understand the relationships between the pairs, Honneth’s interpersonal modes of recognition were applied as the theoretical lens. The data were generated from photovoice, social mapping, interviews and workshops with 42 pairs of young people and their support workers in six organisations. These data were then analysed for the ways institutional practices mediated the interpersonal relationships. Findings The findings revealed four practices in which the organisational context mediated interpersonal recognition: the support sites, application of organisation policies, practices to manage staff and practices to organise young people’s support. Some organisational practices facilitated recognition within the relationships, whereas others were viewed by the pair or managers as constraints on conditions for recognition. Some young people and support workers also exercised initiative or resisted the organisational constraints in the way they conducted their relationship. Applications The findings imply that to promote quality relationships, organisations must create the practice conditions for recognition, respond to misrecognition, and encourage practices that make room for initiative and change within the paid relationship. This requires supervision and training for and by support workers and people with disability.

scholarly journals How do moral theories stand to each other?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-299
Author(s):  
Svantje Guinebert
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Moral Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Deontological Ethics ◽  
Basic Orientation ◽  
Moral Theories ◽  
In Virtue Of

AbstractMoral theories, such as the variations on virtue ethics, deontological ethics, contractualism, and consequentialism, are expected – inter alia – to explain the basic orientation of morality, give us principles and directives, justify those, and thereby (if all goes well) guide our actions. I examine some functions and characteristics of the extant moral theories from a moral metatheoretical point of view, in order to clarify the generally assumed rivalry between them. By thinking of moral theories in analogy to languages it is argued that different moral theories are neither simply competing nor simply complementary; their respective orientations justify using them, in virtue of the problems they help to solve. But even if considerations about the functionality of a theory and the context in which it is created play an important role, they can neither be sufficient to determine these theories’ relations to one other nor for choosing between them. The challenge is to set criteria for the quality of a moral theory on a moral metatheoretical level and, in particular, to make room for future views on morality.

Eating strategies – a qualitative study of how frail, home-dwelling older people in Denmark develop strategies to form meaningful eating situations

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
TENNA JENSEN ◽  
LIV GRØNNOW ◽  
ASTRID PERNILLE JESPERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Older People ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Frail Older People ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public Care ◽  
Older Men And Women ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the strategies that frail, home-dwelling older people who receive food from public institutions develop and use during eating situations, to gain an insight into how older people mobilise resources in relation to eating. The analysis is based on semi-structured interviews and participant observation sessions with 25 home-dwelling frail older men and women, aged 72–101, who live in Copenhagen and receive food from the municipality. Like healthier older people, frail older Danes develop and use strategies to create acceptable eating situations. The strategies are linked to the arrangement of the eating situation, their former lives and experience with food and eating, and their perception of their own body. The focus on strategies enables insights into how frail older people manage to mobilise resources to create meaningful eating situations. However, even though they mobilise resources to create and maintain eating strategies, these are not all equally appropriate with regards to supporting a healthy nutritional status. The eating strategies used by frail older people and the resources they entail are key to their experience with eating. Focusing on these strategies is useful when developing public care initiatives as this will precipitate an awareness of the resources of this group and how these are activated and contribute to or detract from a healthy nutritional status and a high quality of life.

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