Opposing political corruption

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-197
Author(s):  
Emanuela Ceva ◽  
Maria Paola Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Normative Order

The principal resources for opposing political corruption should be internal to a public institution. When, upon scrutinizing a possible deficit of office accountability, political corruption becomes manifest, new anticorruption obligations ensue for officeholders. Anticorruption is the response officeholders should give to political corruption as an interrelated group. Anticorruption thus understood designates the practices of self-correction officeholders should follow to restore the normative order of just interactions constitutive of their institution. The chapter discusses, from this point of view on anticorruption, various practices of answerability such as codes of conduct, transparency provisions, mutual supervision, and whistleblowing.

scholarly journals The training of obstetric physicians and nurses to change the obstetric model in Brazil: A view of the preceptors in the training process

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Elisabete M.P. De Carvalho ◽  
Leila B.D. Göttems ◽  
Fábio F. Amorim ◽  
Dirce B. Guilhem
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Natural Childbirth ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Natural Birth ◽  
Childbirth Care

Background and objective: In obstetrics training, there are gaps in the scientific evidence on how to teach safe practices with respect. The objective of this study was to explore from the point of view of the preceptors how the process of training obstetricians (physicians and nurses) in residency leads to the development and inculcation of the practices recommended by the national and international guidelines for assistance with natural childbirth.Methods: Qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study. Thirty-five professionals, including 21 physicians and 14 nurses, from a public institution in the Midwest of Brazil participated in the study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews conducted from March to June 2018. They were categorized into emerging themes, supported by NVivo to natural birth ® software. Two researchers reviewed the data, and by consensus, the identified issues were confirmed.Results: Of the participants’ comments, 4 themes were codified: approach of the good practices in natural childbirth care; unnecessary practices that remain in use; norms and routines in natural childbirth care; and work processes in the obstetric residency program.Conclusions: The results highlight the necessity of reorganization of the work processes in the residency program, with continuous action directed toward the strengthening of pedagogical processes and the qualification of the actors involved in the formation and organization of childbirth care services to expand the disruptive potential of new health professionals.

scholarly journals Women workers and labour standards: the problem of ‘human rights’

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUANITA ELIAS
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Women Workers ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Perspective Drawing ◽  
Global Corporations ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
Corporate Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Development Paradigm

The International Labour Organisation’s Declaration of Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work of 1998 formalised an approach to global labour issues known as the Core Labour Standards (CLS). The CLS have privileged a specific set of labour standards as possessing the kinds of universalistic qualities associated with ideas of ‘human rights’; the abolition of forced and child labour, equality of opportunity, and trade union rights. But what does this ‘human rights’ approach mean from the point of view of those women workers who dominate employment in some of the most globalised, and insecure, industries in the world? In this article, I make the case for critical feminist engagement with the gender-blind, and neoliberal-compatible, approach to economic rights as set out in the CLS. Not least, this article raises wider concerns about the insufficiency of approaches to economic rights that are designed to work within the (gendered) structures of a neoliberal economic development paradigm. It is suggested that the CLS have endorsed a voluntarist approach to labour standards that views the promotion and regulation of human rights by global corporations as unproblematic. The article challenges this perspective, drawing upon the work of number of feminist scholars working in the area of women’s employment and corporate codes of conduct. These feminist writings have specifically avoided the language of human rights; thus questions need to be asked concerning the possibilities and the limitations that the CLS opens up for women’s human rights activism.

Constitutional And Legal Basis Of The Institute Of Public Control In The Republic Of Uzbekistan (Theoretical Analysis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Rustam Ibragimovich Norliev ◽  
◽  
Oydin Rustamovna Ibragimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Public Control ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Republic

This article analyzes the essence of the content of the public institution, the processes of formation of the public institution in the Republic of Uzbekistan and its constitutional and legal basis from a socio-philosophical point of view. Theoretical views and an independent approach were also analyzed, as public control is a self-sustaining and self-regulatory institution, as well as a legitimate activity to ensure mutual order and stability in society based on legal norms.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Camila Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Political Corruption ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Niccolo Machiavelli ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Niccolò Machiavelli ◽  
Systemic Corruption ◽  
Structural Point

This chapter describes representative democracy as an artificial political infrastructure designed by citizens themselves, which as it was first established can similarly be overhauled. It theorizes the crisis of democracy from a structural point of view. It also argues that liberal representative governments suffer from systemic corruption, a form of political decay that manifests itself as an oligarchization of power in society. The chapter traces the concept of political corruption in Plato, Aristotle, Polybius, Cicero, and Niccolò Machiavelli and offers a critique of the current juridical and individual understanding of corruption. It emphasizes the significance to move away from the “bad apples” approach, the view that corruption exists only because there are corrupt people in office, and analyzes the structure in which the corrupt elites are embedded.

scholarly journals Creating Sustainable and Climate Shared Value in Public Institution: Lessons from a Case of Korea Army Cadet Military School

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3796
Author(s):  
Hyuck Shin Kwon ◽  
Hyun Chae Park
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Shared Value ◽  
Core Competitiveness ◽  
Military School

The Creating Shared Value (CSV) strategy that companies are adopting to make their own sustainable management possible and solve social problems no longer remains in the business model for corporations alone. Not only state-run companies, but also social enterprises are using CSV strategies as a part of their management strategies to attain social values and achieve remarkable results. However, the majority of CSV studies conducted so far focus on only corporations and their contents are mainly covered to identify the correlation between the independent variables and financial or non-financial performance from a business perspective. In this context, the purpose of the study is to identify how public organizations can enhance their core competitiveness by using CSV strategies. Utilized case-based research and document analysis method, the study analyzes CSV activities carried out spanning the period of 2017-2018 in Korea Army Cadet Military School (KACMS) from the public organization’s point of view. As a result, CSV strategies done by public organizations can improve the performances of unique tasks, improve the level of safety, human rights, and increase job satisfaction and morale. Additionally, the strategies can also improve the sustainability of the region, activate the local economy, and contribute to the conservation and betterment of the local environment. This study presents case-evidence that public organizations, like private companies, may also achieve their intended performance through CSV activities. The study provides guidance to expand the scope and subjects of CSR research theoretically, and may also contribute to exploring new approaches that can lead to co-prosperity among social components, in practice.

scholarly journals Inspiracje kultury w tworzeniu aksjologii nowego paradygmatu rozwoju

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-303
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Borys
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
New Development ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Development Paradigm

Inspirations of Culture in Creating the Axiology of a New Development Paradigm A positive assessment of changes from the point of view of a specific axiological system is a consti­tutive attribute of the definition of development which determines the relativism or uncondition­al nature of the development category and its new paradigms. In creating this system, an inspir­ing – although not always unambiguous – role is or should be played by culture. Culture also plays such a role in creating the quality of life. The article presents the main channels of the axiological impulses of culture as a carrier and creator of value systems. The identification of these channels is the main goal of this work. It shows the process of extending the dimensions of the new develop­ment paradigm and the role of culture in this process. The final part of the article illustrates this is­sue with the example of public policies and organisational culture. Furthermore, the author identi­fies axiologically diverse choices relating to the basic attributes of this culture, which are illustrated in the approach of an organisation (an enterprise or a public institution) to the category of respon­sibility, fairness or trust, and management systems, including the style of personnel management in the context of the leadership empowered in the organisation.

scholarly journals Krajowa Rada Narodowa i Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego w państwie prawa. Stanowiska doktryny

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Ewa Kozerska ◽  
Katarzyna Dziewulska
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Normative Order

<p>The establishment of the communist regime in Poland in 1944 is a current subject of reflection in the doctrine and practice of legislation and judiciary. There has been no uniform position on these events, which means that the then sanctioned political and normative order continues to produce controversial assessments and, above all, certain legal effects. This results from the fact that the new people’s power, empowered by force, and not by legal or social basis, has given itself the competence to establish a normative order. The lack of legitimacy for the rightful rule and legislative activity, in principle – from the point of view of the idea of the rule of law – undermines the political and legal status of the people’s authorities. This is all the more so because the system of unified power and sources of law created at that time was evidence of building a totalitarian state modelled on the Soviet Union. The events and legal behaviours of that time led to numerous, often radical changes in many areas of private and public life. They caused certain social and material effects, difficult to reverse today, which Polish society still faces. Therefore, modern standards of the rule of law require that public authorities undertake comprehensive and effective activity. They require that the principles of just and fair compensation for material damage and compensation for moral losses resulting from the rule of this system be implemented. This seems all the more important because some regulations of the people’s power, especially those concerning changes in the ownership structure, are still in force and form the basis of court and Constitutional Tribunal decisions.</p>

Historical and Cultural Conditions of Political Corruption among the Hausa

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Political Rivalry ◽  
Political Conditions

If we regard corruption as the use of public office or authority for private advantage and gain, then corruption is always latent in centralized polities; but even when manifest, it is not always easy to isolate from other conditions of its context for formal analysis. The Hausa of Northern Nigeria, whose history is fairly well known, and who have long traditions of political centralisation, provide data well worth study from this point of view. The Hausa language contains several terms denoting political conditions and practices of interest in this connection. Zalunci refers to oppression, tilas to compulsion, zamba to oppression and swindling, rikice to fraud and confusion alike, ha'inci to bribery, cin hanci to taking bribes, yi gaisuwa to making greetings or gifts, tara to fines, cin tara to taking (keeping?) fines, wasau to forcible confiscation of property, munafunci to treachery and breaking of political agreements, hamiya to political rivalry, kunjiya to a faction or group of supporters, barantaka to clientage, chapka to allegiance, loyalty, fadanci to courtiership, jekadanci to political agency, kinjibibi and kutukutu to differing types of intrigue, character assassination, and so on. Clearly if an extensive vocabulary describing cows indicates a people's preoccupation with cattle, this Hausa vocabulary indicates parallel preoccupation with political organisation; but to my knowledge, Hausa lacks a term for the concept of political corruption outlined above.

scholarly journals The characterisation of the values of public ethics: application to territorial public management in the province of Guangxi (China)

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Mériade
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Moral Pluralism ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Public Ethics

Today, the legitimacy of politicians and public confidence in public decision-making and administration are increasingly dependent on the way in which their ethics are appraised ( Kolthoff et al., 2013 ). The ‘moral pluralism and cultural diversity’ of contemporary society ( Boisvert, 2008 ) make public ethics a new theoretical framework to be explored from the point of view of the compromises it makes between various, often conflicting, values. Yet, in practice, this compromise seems to limit the values of public ethics to principles of good governance formalised around codes of conduct or managerial procedures (Rochet, 2011). Our research question sets out to question the variety of these values; the research objective being to develop a categorisation of the values of public ethics by supplementing the conceptual framework of New Public Value ( Moore, 1995 ; Nabatchi, 2011 ), in particular, by characterising the values of the ethics of interaction not yet illustrated in the literature. Points for practitioners In practical terms, the aim of this article is to identify and characterise more precisely the variety of ethical values mobilised by public managers. To do so, we conducted a survey in two stages among public managers in Guangxi province in China, a country where the expression of personal or cultural ethics in the workplace is described in the literature as relatively natural. Our first results suggest a fairly clear distinction between the ethical values governing the performance of public action, which are relatively well formalised, and the ethical values governing public interaction, which are more informal and closer to cultural and social rituals.

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