Islamic Reformation and the Tools of Ijtihad

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-153
Author(s):  
Liyakat Takim
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Cultural Framework ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Sound Mind ◽  
Customary Practices

This chapter argues that jurists can employ various tools like public welfare and the principle of no harm to either modify earlier legal enactments or formulate new ones. It contends that these devices can provide only partial and temporary amendments to existing legal injunctions. The chapter also examines the role of custom (‘urf) in the reformation process and shows that the Qur’an presumes that its legal rulings will be understood based on prevalent customary practices and values. Contemporary jurists who insist on enforcing earlier edicts are, in effect, validating pre-Islamic Arabian cultural values and imposing them on contemporary Muslims. The chapter also argues that some of the laws that were instituted in a distinct cultural context will have to be revised especially when they encounter a different cultural framework. It also explores how local custom that is endorsed by people of sound mind can legislate laws in today’s diasporic context.

scholarly journals Culture, Motivational Attributes and Employees’ Perception towards CSR Practices: Evidence From Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Sultana Jabeen ◽  
Danish Ahmed Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Cultural Framework ◽  
Corporate Social

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the employees–corporate social responsibility (CSR) relationship by studying the influence of two cultural values – collectivism and masculinity –on the formation of CSR perceptions. We adopted theoretical framework proposed by Hur and Kim (2017), in which Hofstede’s cultural framework was proposed to explain the effect of the cultural values on employees’ perceptions of CSR practices with the mediatory role of motivational attributions. To establish this framework empirically on Pakistan, a survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 190 employees’ in Pakistan. Data analysis was performed using SEM and CFA. The results indicate that collectivistic (masculine) values were positively (negatively) related to perceptions of CSR. Furthermore, intrinsic attributions of CSR initiatives mediate the positive relationship between collectivism and CSR perceptions and the negative relationship between masculinity and CSR perceptions. These findings suggest that managers must seek to understand employees’ cultural characteristics and the attributions of CSR motivations in order to engage them in driving CSR practices effectively and displaying a positive image of organization.

Augustan Criticism and Changing Conceptions of English Opera

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd S. Gilman
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Political Discussion ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Latin Culture ◽  
British Nationalism ◽  
English Opera

The love-hate nature of the relations between England and Italy in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries is well known. Ever since Henry VIII broke with Rome after Pope Clement VII refused to allow his divorce, things Italian were a popular object of satire and general disdain. An ever-increasing British nationalism founded on political, religious, and aesthetic principles during the seventeenth century fanned the flames of anti-Italian sentiment. This nationalism, newly consolidated in the seventeenth century by the ambitions of the Stuart monarchs to destroy Parliament, was intimately connected with English Protestantism. As Samuel Kliger has argued, the triumph of the Goths—Protestant Englishmen's Germanic ancestors—over Roman tyranny in antiquity became for seventeenth-century England a symbol of democratic success. Moreover, observes Kliger, an influential theory rooted in the Reformation, the “translatio imperii ad Teutonicos,” emphasized traditional German racial qualities—youth, vigor, manliness, and moral purity—over those of Latin culture—torpor, decadence, effeminacy, and immorality—and contributed to the modern constitution of the supreme role of the Goths in history. The German translatio implied an analogy between the conquest of the Roman Empire by the Goths (under Charlemagne) and the rallying of the humanist-reformers of northern Europe (e.g., Luther) for religious freedom, understood as liberation from Roman priestcraft; that is, “the translatio crystallized the idea that humanity was twice ransomed from Roman tyranny and depravity—in antiquity by the Goths, in modern times by their descendants, the German reformers…the epithet ‘Gothic’ became not only a polar term in political discussion, a trope for the ‘free,’ but also in religious discussion a trope for all those spiritual, moral, and cultural values contained for the eighteenth century in the single word ‘enlightenment.’”

scholarly journals Conduct in Dementia: Video Analysis of Arts Interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-540
Author(s):  
Christian Morgner ◽  
Spencer Hazel ◽  
Justine Schneider ◽  
Victoria Tischler
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Art Exhibition ◽  
People With Dementia

This study applies video analysis to an investigation of interactions among people with dementia in a cultural context, specifically a visual art exhibition in a gallery. The study adopts a sociologically informed approach to explore the role of artworks and how these may be beneficial to dementia care, by focusing on meaning-making conversational practices among people living with dementia. The interactions of different individuals with various forms of dementia were recorded during three gallery visits, including their engagement with gallery attendants and artworks. The findings reveal the socially empowering impact of interactions related to artwork, with complex patterns in bodily behaviour and facial expressions meaning that orientation to dementia became negligible. The article makes a contribution to the growing field of sociology of ageing and well-being from an interaction analytic perspective, indicating that cultural values can play a greater role in the care of people living with dementia.

scholarly journals Folk Onomastics Study of Anthroponymy Found in Babad Banjoemas Wirjaatmadjan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Chusni Hadiati
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Place Of Death ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Folk onomastics is a sub-category of socio-onomastics which deals with people’s beliefs and perceptions of names and name use. Interestingly, pragmatics also plays important role in the study of onomastics as names cannot be split up from the context where they are used. The phenomenon of anthroponymy that gradually advances relates to the development of human civilization. Personal name is very pivotal in human life due to the role of name bearers’ in history.  Name is not only a name for it carries something along with it throughout the time particularly those who have power and position in history. Babad Banjoemas Wirjaatmadjan (BBW) was a chronicle of Banyumas regency from 1582 until 1932 which was written by Raden Wirjaatmadjan and continued by Raden Poerwasoepradja. As a chronicle of Banyumas regency, BBW displays historical names and aliases related to the cultural context of Banyumas. This article tries to dig out the phenomenon of anthroponymy of Banyumas’ regency leaders (bupati) in BBW as the names indicate the historical background of the bearers. Thus, the research spotlights the cultural values carried by alias or pseudonym of Banyumas leaders. Utilizing descriptive qualitative and library research, I found out that bupati’s names and aliases in BBW were classified based on five conditions: place of death, place of retirement, place of banishment, medal of appreciation, and lifelong action. The result highlights the traditional proverb that good men must die but death cannot kill their names.

scholarly journals History Ideas from Heritage of Building Sites Negeri Malayu Padang Kingdom in Tebing Tinggi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
Nanang Arianto ◽  
Datuk Imam Marzuki ◽  
Siti Rahma Harahap ◽  
Susanti Hasibuan ◽  
Elismayanti Rambe
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
City Government ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The City

Historical and archaeological heritage for religious purposes, especially in the area. The conservation of the cultural heritage of the Padang Malay Kingdom in Tebing Tinggi requires the role of various parties such as the city government, cultural observers, academics and community participation in a social movement that loves local architecture to foster a sense of pride in the local artifacts that still exist. Therefore, this study describes the meaning of the idea as well as the government's attention from the legacy of the Malay Kingdom of Padang, Tebing Tinggi City. By using research methodology Interpretation is an effort to achieve a correct understanding of facts, data and symptoms. Using the theory of cultural areas (Trancik, 1986), namely an integrated area is an area consisting of elements physically having an orderly structure, normally paying attention to actors, cultural context, and roots, and functionally having an integrated network. The integration components in the aspect of norms describe cultural values and behavior of taste, creativity, and initiative.

scholarly journals Membangun Harmoni Sosial Melalui Musik dalam Ekspresi Budaya Orang Basudara di Maluku

Panggung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Tika Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
The Social

ABSTRACTThis study aims to explain the importance of exploring and communicating the cultural values in the community that can contribute to build social harmony between communities through local music. The study will be conducted by using a qualitative approach that explores and analyzes data both ethic and emic approach to find a description of the culture hidop orang basudara as well as the knowledge, and experience of musicians to build social harmony. The main theory is ethnomusicologist which study relation between music and local culture. Local music of Maluku (such as song Jang Pisah Katong - do not separated us) that created in the cultural context and values hidop orang basudara (living as brotherhood) is an example of the role of music for building peace in the midst of the social conflicts in Maluku in 1999. The results of this study confirm that efforts to build social harmony and strive for peace in the community can be done with a creative diplomacy approach, through local music.Keywords: Harmony, Music, Local, Culture.ABSTRAKKajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pentingnya menggali dan mengomunikasikan nilai-nilai budaya masyarakat yang dapat berkontribusi membangun harmoni sosial dan perdamaian antar masyarakat melalui karya musik lokal. Kajian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang menganalisis data secara etik dan emik untuk menemukan deskripsi budaya hidup orang basudara, pengetahuan, dan pengalaman para musisi yang menggunakan musik sebagai media membangun perdamaian. Teori utamanya adalah etnomusikologis, yang menganalisis korelasi unsur budaya dengan musik dalam masyarakat. Musik lokal Maluku yang diciptakan di dalam konteks budaya hidop orang basudara, seperti musik jang pisah katong (jangan memisahkan kita) adalah contoh peran musik sebagai media perdamaian di tengah kenyataan konflik sosial di Maluku tahun 1999. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa musik dapat menjadi kekuatan mengintegrasikan kembali masyarakat Maluku yang terpisah oleh karena konflik. Oleh karena itu, upaya mewujudkan harmoni sosial dan perdamaian di tengah masyarakat dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan diplomasi kreatif, yaitu melalui karya musik.Kata Kunci: Harmoni, Musik, Lokal, Budaya

scholarly journals The hospitality franchise purchase decision making process

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1009-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M.W. Yeung ◽  
Maureen Brookes ◽  
Levent Altinay
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Purchase ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the hospitality franchise purchase decision-making process undertaken by franchisees in Macau as an emerging tourism destination and the role of national culture on purchasing a franchise brand and selecting a potential franchisor. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 18 franchisees in Macau, who purchased international and domestic hospitality franchise brands, were conducted to understand the feelings, attitudes and motivation of franchisees toward purchasing a hospitality franchise. Findings The study reveals that national culture can play an important role in franchisees’ decision-making process. Personal networks of friends and family (guanxi) are very influential in introducing and steering aspiring entrepreneurs toward franchising as an option to realize their ambitions, although there may be some limitations to franchisees with this approach. Guanxi was also found to be particularly relevant during negotiations and franchisees’ post-purchase reviews. Practical implications International franchisors should understand the importance of guanxi at different stages of the franchisees’ decision-making process. Franchisees should realize how a reliance on guanxi might negatively affect their efforts to undertake sufficient research to thoroughly evaluate the franchisor offer before contract signature. Originality/value A comprehensive hospitality franchisee decision-making purchase framework is developed, which includes the cultural context and cultural values. Guanxi, in particular, affects the franchisee decision-making process.

scholarly journals SOCIAL CHANGE IN YOGYAKARTA: PAST AND NOW A SELO SOEMARDJAN PERSPECTIVE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Birsyada ◽  
Juang Kurniawan Syahruzah
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Phenomenology

Yogyakarta is one of Javanese cultural centers that still exist both nationally and internationally. Historically, social and cultural developments in the pre-Independence era until the Reformation era experienced significant social change. This research wants to analyze and find the process of social change in Yogyakarta. Selo Soemardjan's perspective approach was used in analyzing social change in the pre-Independence era in Yogyakarta. While at the contextual level of social phenomenology analysis used in analyzing the development of social change in Yogyakarta in the post-independence period. The findings in this study are that Yogyakarta experienced a sense of value and culture in the pre-independence and post-independence period. Yogyakarta people who previously put great ethical values of Javanese culture has shifted to the culture of consumptive, business and hedonist. The role of the Sultan and the government is less strong in stemming the various global currents that enter the territory of Yogyakarta. Social control is weak in building and stemming cultural values that are not in accordance with the ethical norms of the old Yogyakarta community. Suggestion of this research is socialization of social and cultural system strengthening from local government to the smallest level of society and family. Second, the need for government to work together with social organizations and religious communities in strengthening cultural identity, ethics and religious norms of society

scholarly journals Antecedents of green purchase intention: a cross-cultural empirical evidence from Vietnam and Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-971
Author(s):  
Duong Cong Doanh ◽  
Katarzyna Gadomska-Lila ◽  
Le Thi Loan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Green Consumption ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
The Cross

Research background: Even though antecedents of green consumption have already been considered in numerous scientific articles, their findings still remain inconsistent. Furthermore, far less attention has been paid to understanding the underlying mechanism of cultural values, including collectivism and long-term orientation, and perceived environmental knowledge influencing intention to purchase environmentally friendly products, as well as the meditating role of green purchase willingness in the linkages between antecedents and green purchase intention. In addition, some previous studies suggested that it might be meaningful and significant to explore these linkages in the cross-cultural context with different levels of economic development. Purpose of the article: This study explored the effects of cultural dimension, perceived environmental and green purchase willingness with regard to intention to purchase environmentally friendly products of Vietnamese and Polish customers. Moreover, the mediating role of green purchase willingness was also investigated in this study. Methods: To achieve the objectives of this research, customer surveys were conducted in two developing countries ? Vietnam and Poland. Two convenience samples of 611 Vietnamese consumers and 301 Polish consumers have been recruited from 03 May to 03 October 2020. The structural equation modelling (SEM) was utilized to examine the conceptual framework and test the proposed hypotheses. Findings & value added: The research revealed that green purchase willingness became the most influential factor to predict green purchase intention in both cultures. Also, perceived environmental knowledge was found to have substantial effects on willingness and intention to purchase environmentally friendly products in both countries, even though the influential degree in Poland was much higher than that in Vietnam. Remarkably, cultural dimensions were found to significantly affect green consumption in the collectivist culture of Vietnam, while these relationships were not significant in Poland. This study was expected to significantly contribute to the existing literature by boosting our understanding of the importance of cultural values and perceived knowledge environment in promoting green consumption in the cross-cultural context.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document