No Excuses

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Santiago Amaya ◽  
John M. Doris
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
Moral Defect

Philosophical accounts of moral responsibility are standardly framed by two platitudes: blame requires (1) the presence of a moral defect in the agent and (2) the absence of excuses. In this essay, this kind of approach is challenged. It is argued that (a) people sometimes violate moral norms due to performance mistakes, (b) it often appears reasonable to hold them responsible for it, and (c) their mistakes cannot be traced to their moral qualities or to the presence of excuses. In the end, the implications for discussions of moral responsibility are discussed.

scholarly journals COMPONENT STRUCTURE IN THE ORGANIZATION ОF MORAL BEHAVIOR EXPERIENCE FOR SENIOR ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (194) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Nataliia Huzenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Moral Qualities

The problem of moral behavior experience for adolescents is quite sharp. The difficulty of moral behavior experience for older adolescents involves the separation in the pedagogical reality the phenomenon ‘moral behavior experience’ and its component clarification. Some issues of adolescents’ moral behavior allowed us to define our own concept ‘moral behavior experience’ as a system of conscious actions and deeds, formed in the process of acquiring knowledge about morality, moral norms, acquiring skills for their practice usage and skills of moral actions by emotional and volitional efforts. The article clarifies the component structure in the organization of moral behavior experience for older adolescents. Its clarification is necessary for understanding the process of moral behavior experience development. The paper identifies the components of moral behavior experience for older adolescents: motivational and valuable, cognitive and interesting, practical and active, personal and reflexive ones. The article describes each component separately in details. In the work the structure of moral behavior experience for older adolescents are characterized with the following components. The motivational and valuable component is represented by motivation, interest, values, moral feelings and attitudes, moral beliefs. The cognitive and interesting component is represented by knowledge of moral norms and behavior rules. The practical and active component is represented by personal ability to communicate, leadership, behavioral self-regulation. The personal and reflexive component is represented by personal traits, reflection, personal moral qualities, self-esteem and self-analysis in moral behavior. In the article the prospects of determining pedagogical conditions for moral behavior experience for older adolescents are clarified to prevent and avoid bullying. Undoubtedly, the elucidation of the component composition in the structure of the experience of moral behavior is necessary to understand the process of its formation. In the work in the structure of the experience of moral behavior of older adolescents, the following components were identified: motivational-value component (motivation, interest, values, moral feelings, relationships, moral beliefs); cognitive component (knowledge of moral norms and rules of conduct); practical-activity component (personality's ability to communicate, leadership, self-regulation of behavior), personality-reflexive component (personality traits, reflection, moral qualities of personality, self-esteem and self-analysis of moral behavior).

scholarly journals КОНСТРУКТ «МОРАЛЬНІ СУДЖЕННЯ» У СТАНОВЛЕННІ САМОСВІДОМОСТІ ДОШКІЛЬНИКІВ: АНАЛІЗ ПЕРВИННИХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Liubov Lokhvytska
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Age ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Moral Consciousness ◽  
Moral Concepts ◽  
Verbal Form ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Evaluative Judgments ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
Moral Qualities

The analysis of primary results of realization by preschool age children of the moral norms presented in the verbal form – moral judgments is offered. Notion “moral judgments” is defined in the context of considering the cognitive component of moral consciousness. On the basis of the conducted methods «History», «Conversation» (modified by G. Uruntayeva and Y. Afonkina) the average indicators on the sample on all scales regarding children’s understanding of the essence of the following 12 moral qualities: «kindness», «anger», «lying», «honesty», «generosity», «greed», «rudeness», «politeness», «sensitivity», «cruelty», «boastfulness» and «modesty» are determined. The obtained results demonstrated that the majority of senior preschoolers, expressing moral and evaluative judgments, have a vocabulary that nominates moral concepts. According to the method «Story drawings» (modified by the same authors) the levels of children’s awareness of moral qualities and the ability to determine morality in specific life situations based on verbalization of the essence of moral events are determined.

scholarly journals Specific features of professional moral qualities of cadets of the institutions of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
K. I. Maravska
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
General Level ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
Internal Affairs

The results of empirical research of professional moral qualities of cadets of the institutions of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in the context of specific features of their development have been considered. It has been emphasized that the problem of development of moral qualities of cadets is stipulated by the high level of requirements to general, professional and moral qualities of police officers, the need to take into account them within professional and psychological selection of candidates for the positions of police officers and to form them in the educational process in the institutions of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. This problem is complex, especially relevant in the context of the development of professional legal awareness and the culture of law enforcement officers at the stage of training in higher educational institutions. It has been noted that the development of moral qualities of cadets occurs as a result of their understanding of moral norms that exist in society, in particular in the professional environment, their critical thinking, internalization. The process of development of professional moral qualities of future police officers is realized in the system of training and educational process in institutions of higher education, the conditions of which are aimed at adequate assimilation of professional and moral requirements. The author has provided the results of the research, which included 168 cadets of different gender of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs. Using the questionnaire “The moral profile of personality”, developed by A. A. Tokman, the author has determined the levels of development of moral qualities of cadets according to such categories as: the attitude to the Motherland, attitude to society, attitude to the official activity, attitude to others and to oneself, and also to the general level of moral personal qualities. It has been determined that the level of development of moral qualities of cadets on the majority of scales of the questionnaire is low. It has been found out that cadets of the fourth year of study, become more demanding for themselves and their own disadvantages, they seek self-improvement. In general, the author has defined that there is a positive tendency for the development of professional moral qualities of those being studied. On the basis of the empirical research, the author has provided propositions related to the improvement of the training process of cadets.

CRUEL JOKES AND NORMATIVE COMPETENCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-195
Author(s):  
David Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Reasons ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Domain Learning

Abstract:Some moral responsibility theorists think that certain agents (like psychopaths) can be morally responsible—and morally criticizable—for their actions and attitudes even though they lack any competence in grasping or responding to moral norms (a blindness to moral reasons that is typically called “normative incompetence” or, more accurately, “moral incompetence”). In this essay, I provide a new argument against these theorists by exploring the intersection between two normative domains, the funny and the moral. There are, it turns out, interesting and significant ways that properties from each domain bear on reasons to respond in the other, and so there are interesting and significant ways in which people’s responses to cruel jokes or insult humor may be criticizable. I then survey various personality and psychological impairments that seem to undercut criticizability in this intersecting domain. Learning about these people and their impairments yields a wealth of information about what true normative competence actually requires, as well as why competence of the specifically moral variety really is required for moral criticizability.

Features of the Christian values ​​system

2004 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
G.V. Pyrog
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Value System ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Very High

In domestic scientific and public opinion, interest in religion as a new worldview paradigm is very high. Today's attention to the Christian religion in our society is connected, in our opinion, with the specificity of its value system, which distinguishes it from other forms of consciousness: the idea of ​​God, the absolute, the eternity of moral norms. That is why its historical forms do not receive accurate characteristics and do not matter in the mass consciousness. Modern religious beliefs do not always arise as a result of the direct influence of church preaching. The emerging religious values ​​are absorbed in a wide range of philosophical, artistic, ethical ideas, acting as a compensation for what is generally defined as spirituality. At the same time, the appeal to Christian values ​​became very popular.

LEGAL, MORAL AND ETHICAL SIDE OF THE OFFENSE, DISCREDITING HONOR EMPLOYEE THE PENAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
OKSANA KOCHKINA ◽  
◽  
OLGA MARCHUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Executive System ◽  
Correction System

The article examines the legal and moral and ethical aspects of a misdemeanor that discredits the honor of an employee of the criminal Executive system. The considered reason for dismissal has the main feature associated with the integration of legal and moral norms, which often raises a lot of questions about the attribution of a particular offense to this basis. Using the analysis of normative legal acts, the authors attempt to identify the signs that contribute to the separation of the studied grounds for dismissal from all their diversity. The classification of offenses that discredit the honor of an employee of the criminal Executive system is presented, which allows to systematize and organize the knowledge obtained about the considered grounds for dismissal. The analysis of a misdemeanor that defames the honor of an employee of the penal system from a moral and ethical position gives an understanding, first of all, that it does not have a clear regulation from the point of view of the law, but the consequences of committing such a misdemeanor are clearly legal. The concepts of “honor” and “dignity” are considered as ethical categories and are analyzed as personal qualities that are manifested in an employee of the penal correction system during the period of service. These categories in the behavior of a person or employee are manifested both externally (assessment from the outside) and internally (self-assessment). The article describes the value orientation of an employee of the criminal Executive system to ethical standards in professional activity, which is an integral part of the moral and ethical side of a misdemeanor that discredits the honor of an employee.

Leisurely Islam

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Deeb ◽  
Mona Harb
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Political Economic

South Beirut has recently become a vibrant leisure destination with a plethora of cafés and restaurants that cater to the young, fashionable, and pious. What effects have these establishments had on the moral norms, spatial practices, and urban experiences of this Lebanese community? From the diverse voices of young Shi'i Muslims searching for places to hang out, to the Hezbollah officials who want this media-savvy generation to be more politically involved, to the religious leaders worried that Lebanese youth are losing their moral compasses, this book provides a sophisticated and original look at leisure in the Lebanese capital. What makes a café morally appropriate? How do people negotiate morality in relation to different places? And under what circumstances might a pious Muslim go to a café that serves alcohol? This book highlights tensions and complexities exacerbated by the presence of multiple religious authorities, a fraught sectarian political context, class mobility, and a generation that takes religion for granted but wants to have fun. The book elucidates the political, economic, religious, and social changes that have taken place since 2000, and examines leisure's influence on Lebanese sociopolitical and urban situations. Asserting that morality and geography cannot be fully understood in isolation from one another, the book offers a colorful new understanding of the most powerful community in Lebanon today.

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