No Ordinary Woman

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Penrose
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Business Enterprise ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Edith Penrose

Edith Penrose was a creative thinker, a distinguished economist, and an inspirational teacher who profoundly challenged the prevailing orthodoxy in several fields, including micro-economics, business studies, and development economics. Her major contribution to the field of economics was The Theory of the Growth of the Firm (1959), now regarded as a classic that has ‘inspired thinking in strategy, entrepreneurship, knowledge creation, and innovation’. Edith Penrose’s approach to explaining the nature of the firm, her fundamental insights, and the concepts she developed are still being applied and extended to new fields of enquiry. She has had a major influence on the study of the business enterprise and, some argue, the economy itself. She had a distinguished academic and public service career and wrote over 100 books and articles, many of which are devoted to the understanding of the interface between the strategies and activities of multinational enterprises, including the oil industry, and the nation states—particularly the developing countries—in which they operated. This is the first biography of Edith Penrose drawing on unpublished diaries and letters, the personal memories of her family, friends, and colleagues, and describes her eventful life, her extensive output, and influence. The book tells her personal and professional story, weaving through the extraordinary upheavals of the twentieth century in which she played a part. The book builds a picture of a vital, energetic woman who lived life to the full, defied convention, made an impression on all who met her, and left a significant intellectual legacy.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Penrose
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Business ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Edith Penrose

In 1994 the Academy of International Business elected Edith Penrose an Emeritus Distinguished Fellow of the Academy—an honour only bestowed once before, on Charles Kindleberger. Her distinctive contribution was singled out in two areas; the theory of the growth of the firm and the understanding of the interface between the strategies and activities of international and multinational enterprises and the nation states—particularly the developing countries—in which they operated. The first topic engaged her in the 1950s and early 1960s, the latter in the later 1960s and 1970s. These topics led on to a third; the implications for firms and national governments of the emergence of a more liberalized and closely integrated global economy, which she addressed as a professor emeritus in the 1980s and early 1990s. Her major contribution to the field of economics was ...

scholarly journals TECHNOPOLITICS OF A CONCESSIONARY CONTRACT: HOW INTERNATIONAL LAW WAS TRANSFORMED BY ITS ENCOUNTER WITH ANGLO-IRANIAN OIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katayoun Shafiee
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Resource Nationalism ◽  
International Court ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Foreign Control ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe Iranian government's decision to nationalize its British-controlled oil industry in 1951 was a landmark case in international law. The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and the Iranian government clashed over whether international authorities had the right to arbitrate for them in disputes over the terms of the oil concession. Scholarship in Middle East studies has overlooked the role of concession terms in shaping political disputes in the 20th century. Rather than seeing legal studies of the oil industry on one side and power struggles and resources on the other, this article examines international court proceedings at The Hague to argue that Anglo-Iranian oil transformed international law. Novel mechanisms of economic and legal governance, set up to deal with an expanded community of nation-states, worked as techniques of political power that equipped the oil corporation with the power to associate Iran's oil with foreign control while generating new forms of law and contract that undermined resource nationalism.

Reflecting on Public Service Regulation by Algorithm

2019 ◽  
pp. 178-200
Author(s):  
Martin Lodge ◽  
Andrea Mennicken
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Healthcare Education ◽  
Correctional Services

This chapter focuses on the potentials and challenges posed by the utilization of machine learning algorithms in the regulation of public services, that is services supplied by or on behalf of government to a particular jurisdiction’s community, including healthcare, education, or correctional services. It argues that the widespread enthusiasm for algorithmic regulation hides much deeper differences in worldviews about regulatory approaches, and that advancing the utilization of algorithmic regulation potentially transforms existing mixes of regulatory approaches in non-anticipated ways. It also argues that regulating through algorithmic regulation presents distinct administrative problems in terms of knowledge creation, coordination, and integration, as well as ambiguity over objectives. These challenges for the use of machine learning algorithms in public service algorithmic regulation require renewed attention to questions of the ‘regulation of regulators’.

Multi-Level Governance: Explaining the “climate-focused” behavior of Chinese exporting companies

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Multi Level

While being increasingly aware of the importance of adopting climate-friendly business strategies, Chinese exporting companies have been active in taking “climate-related” actions but moderate in taking “climate-focused” actions. This article presents a preliminary attempt to apply Multi-Level Governance theories to explain the behavior of Chinese exporting companies toward climate change mitigation. It argues that the convergence of state-centered climate politics and market-oriented climate governance, which has a multi-level feature, has shaped the “climate-focused” behavior of Chinese exporting companies. Specifically, nation-states, multinational enterprises, and non-governmental organizations have contributed in the following ways: (1) at the global level, nation-states co-established and interpreted international norms, which generally justify the stance of the Chinese government, have been an indirect source of influence; (2) at the national level, the Chinese government has been the most influential actor, which has put emphasis on energy-saving when interpreting and operationalizing international norms; (3) at the industrial level, multinational enterprises and international non-governmental organizations have been influential contributors by playing a proactive role in launching and running low-carbon initiatives; and (4) transnational public–private partnerships launched in China and some developed countries have offered limited momentum.

Strategic Knowledge Creation in Multinational Enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-132
Author(s):  
Lars Håkanson ◽  
Philip Kappen ◽  
Ivo Zander
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Strategic Knowledge ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
The Way

Unique knowledge and proprietary innovations are key to the competitive advantages on which most multinational enterprises (MNEs) are expected to base their initial international expansion. Moreover, their subsequent fortunes and survival typically depend on MNEs’ continued ability to upgrade and renew these advantages, as competition, imitation, and environmental change erode the value of existing ones. This chapter reviews key literatures around the nature, management, and effects of knowledge creation in MNEs. The chapter centers on the processes through which geographical patterns of international R&D have evolved, along with the structures, systems, and procedures through which MNEs have sought to govern and coordinate these activities. Finally, the chapter offers a summary and critique of the way that much of the inherited literature has portrayed and interpreted the strategic knowledge creation process in MNEs.

Modes of indigenous modernity

Thesis Eleven ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Hogan ◽  
Priti Singh
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Film Studies ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Customary Laws ◽  
Regional Associations

This special issue is the outcome of a collaborative venture – a three-day workshop between La Trobe University and Ateneo de Manila University, held in Manila. It brought together indigenous and non-indigenous researchers from both the Philippines and Australia and included aboriginal researchers in business studies, history, literature and anthropology, and non-indigenous researchers working on themes of indigenous history, material culture, film studies, literature, the visual arts, law and linguistics. The ‘indigenous’ peoples of the Philippines are very different to Australian Aborigines or Torres Strait Islanders. Nevertheless, they have common quests for political autonomy, protection of indigenous customary laws, traditions and knowledge, biodiversity, and development of independent self-governance structures for health, education and community development. These concerns involve analogous and overlapping political struggles with nation-states and in the forums of the UN, regional associations, global consortia, and the international courts. The papers in this issue are based on a roundtable in which the participants showcased their own research projects and interests on indigenous pathways, cultural pluralism and national identities; socio-economic development; and representation of indigenous identities in creative and visual arts.

Size and Foreign Policy Behavior: A Test of Two Models

1973 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice A. East
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Small States ◽  
Nation States ◽  
International Behavior ◽  
Small Powers ◽  
Policy Behavior ◽  
Foreign Policy Behavior

The categorization of states according to size has long been a part of world politics. Rothstein notes, for example, that the formalization of the categories of great and small powers occurred as a result of the signing of the Treaty of Chaumont in 1817. Recently, the concept of size has received an increasing amount of attention as a factor affecting foreign policy. One manifestation of this is the renewed interest in die foreign policy behavior of small states. In his pre-theory of foreign policy, Rosenau includes size as one of three “genotypic” variables assumed to exert a major influence on foreign policy. In addition, empirical studies have shown size to be an important factor underlying variations in the international behavior of nation-states.

Standardization of the Involvement of Relatives in Public Service: Fighting Corruption or Interfering with Privacy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Tetiana KOLOMOIETS ◽  
Yevhen KURINNYI ◽  
Serhii KUSHNIR ◽  
Petro DIKHTIIEVSKYI ◽  
Petro DIKHTIIEVSKYI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Her Family ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Public Servant ◽  
Depth Study

The search of effective ways of preventing corruption in all its manifestations in the public service should be directly related to the in-depth study and formation of common standards of legal regulation of "involvement" of close persons of public servants in his professional activity, the special nature of personal relations which creates preconditions for possible use (as well as his or her relatives) of public service for his private interests. The purpose of the work is to highlight the problematic aspects of the legal regulation of the principles of "involvement" of close persons in public service relations and to formulate proposals for the formation of uniform standards for the regulation of such relations. The research methodology of this article is a combination of general scientific and specific methods of scientific knowledge. The dialectical method was chosen as the basic method, and the methods of semantic analysis, logical-legal and comparative-legal, forecasting, modeling were additionally used. Justifying the different degree of "attachment" of close persons to the professional activity of a public servant to find out the possible prerequisites and manifestations of the use of the latter benefits and advantages of the public service to satisfy private interests, it is proposed to regulate the relations of lifestyle monitoring, full verification of the finance declaration with taking into his or her family, and "gift" relationships of relatives, normalizing patterns of their possible behavior.  

Multilateral Institutions and Policies

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Brewer ◽  
Stephen Young
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Multilateral Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Wto Agreements

The topic of this article — the multilateral regime for FDI — lies within the domain of international business studies that focus on multinational enterprises and their political environment. The topic is of increasing importance for MNEs' strategies and operations. Because of its centrality in the international trade–investment–technology transfer system, the World Trade Organization (WTO) is the specific focus of this article, though there is also some discussion of regional and bilateral agreements because they interact and overlap with WTO agreements. The relevance of the WTO to business strategy is evident in a variety of ways — in existing agreements, in negotiations to revise those agreements, in disputes, and in the expansion of its membership.

Teaching Technology and Business

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 378-382
Author(s):  
Bill Gerrard ◽  
Keith Macrosson
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
The University

Research conducted 25 years ago in the UK established at that time that businesses required able, enthusiastic and broadly educated people who were willing to master quickly a firm's techniques and procedures and to advance to a position of responsibility and leadership. The BSc Honours degree in Technology and Business Studies (TBS) at the University of Strathclyde was designed to meet that requirement by providing students with an understanding of the language of technology and the language of business, and to link these two to provide a fluency in the communication skills used by managers on a daily basis. In an earlier paper Macrosson described the TBS degree, established in October 1974, as a new approach to the education of students wishing to enter industry, commerce or public service. Now, 23 years on from the first intake, this paper briefly outlines the current structure of the course, reviews its overall performance, and extracts the five principal lessons which the authors believe will be of help to those either establishing or reviewing a similar degree. The factual parts of the paper are based on a recently completed survey of the 190 TBS students currently on the course.

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